Sorts media files into directories and timestamps the file names

sort_media_files

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Run without parameters to see usage.

# Felix E. Klee <felix.klee@inka.de>

use strict;
use warnings;
use Image::ExifTool qw(:Public);
use File::Find;
use File::Path "make_path";
use File::Spec;
use Cwd qw(abs_path getcwd);
use File::Copy "move";

my @media_extensions =
    ("jpg", "jpeg", "arw", "sr2", "nef", "dng", "png", "mp4", "wav");

# %b = basename without extension, %e = extension:
my @sidecar_formats =
    (
     "%b.xmp",    # Adobe Camera Raw
     "%b.%e.xmp", # Darktable
     "%b.acr",    # Adobe Camera Raw masks, etc.
     "%bM01.XML", "%b.%eM02.KLV" # Sony video metadata
    );

my $exifTool = Image::ExifTool->new;
$exifTool->Options(DateFormat => '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S');

our $outdir;
our $script_dir;

sub is_supported_media {
    my $filename = shift;
    my $extensions_regex = join('|', @media_extensions);
    return $filename =~ /\.($extensions_regex)$/i;
}

sub media_creation_datetime_of_mp4 {
    my $info = shift;
    my $manufacturer = $$info{DeviceManufacturer} // '';
    my $model = $$info{DeviceModelName} // '';
    my $creation_time;

    if ($manufacturer eq "Sony" && $model eq "ZV-1") {
        # Exif data has time in UTC, but we want the local time.
        $creation_time = $$info{MediaCreateDate};
        my $offset = "$$info{TimeZone}:00";
        Image::ExifTool::ShiftTime($creation_time, $offset);
    }

    return $creation_time;
}

# Some files, e.g. some screenshots, don't contain the "Date/Time
# Original" EXIF tag, but they may have the date / time encoded in the
# file name.
sub media_creation_datetime_from_filename {
    my $filename = shift;
    my $creation_time;

    my $xiaomi_screenshot = # Chinese Redmi Note 12 5G
        qr/^Screenshot_(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})/;
    my $field_recorder_wav = # Android Field Recorder app
        qr/^(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{2})-(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d{2})\.wav$/;

    my $s = filename_without_timestamp($filename);
    
    if ($s =~ $xiaomi_screenshot) {
        $creation_time = "$1-$2-$3 $4:$5:$6";
    } elsif ($s =~ $field_recorder_wav) {
        $creation_time = "20$1-$2-$3 $4:$5:$6"; # assumes year >= 2000
    }
    
    return $creation_time;
}

sub media_creation_datetime {
    my ($info, $filename) = @_;
    my $creation_time;

    if ($filename =~ /\.mp4$/i) {
        $creation_time = media_creation_datetime_of_mp4($info);
    } else {
        $creation_time = $$info{DateTimeOriginal};
    }

    if (!defined $creation_time) {
        $creation_time = media_creation_datetime_from_filename($filename);
    }

    return $creation_time;
}

sub date_from_datetime {
    my $datetime = shift;
    return $datetime =~ s/ .*//r;
}

sub time_from_datetime {
    my $datetime = shift;
    return $datetime =~ s/.* //r;
}

sub destdir_from_datetime {
    my $datetime = shift;
    return File::Spec->catfile($outdir, date_from_datetime($datetime));
}

sub ensure_dir_exists {
    my $dir = shift;
    unless (-d $dir) {
        make_path($dir) or die "Cannot make directory $dir: $!";
    }
}

# Removes an existing time stamp (or what looks like an existing time
# stamp).
sub filename_without_timestamp {
    my $filename = shift;
    return $filename =~ s/^\d{6}_//r;
}

sub filename_with_timestamp {
    my ($datetime, $filename) = @_;

    my $time = time_from_datetime($datetime);
    my $new_timestamp = $time =~ s/://gr;
    return "${new_timestamp}_".filename_without_timestamp($filename);
}

sub formatted_path {
    my $path = shift;
    return File::Spec->abs2rel($path, $script_dir);
}

sub move_file_with_timestamp {
    my ($datetime, $destdir, $filename) = @_;
    my $new_filename = filename_with_timestamp($datetime, $filename);
    my $dest = File::Spec->catfile($destdir, $new_filename);

    print "Moving $filename to ".formatted_path($dest)."\n";
    if (-e $dest) {
        die "File $filename already exists in $dest";
    } else {
        move($filename, $dest) or die "Cannot move file $filename: $!";
    }
}

sub move_sidecars_with_timestamp {
    my ($datetime, $destdir, $filename) = @_;
    my ($base, $ext) = $filename =~ /^(.+)\.([^.]*)$/;

    if (!defined $base) { # no match
        return;
    }

    foreach my $format (@sidecar_formats) {
        my $sidecar_name = $format;
        $sidecar_name =~ s/%b/$base/g;
        $sidecar_name =~ s/%e/$ext/g;
        if (-f $sidecar_name) {
            move_file_with_timestamp($datetime, $destdir, $sidecar_name);
        }
    }
}

sub process_file {
    my $filename = $_;

    if (-f $filename && is_supported_media($filename)) {
        my $info = $exifTool->ImageInfo($filename);
        my $creation_datetime = media_creation_datetime($info, $filename);
        if (defined($creation_datetime)) {          
            my $destdir = destdir_from_datetime($creation_datetime);
            ensure_dir_exists($destdir);
            move_file_with_timestamp($creation_datetime, $destdir, $filename);
            move_sidecars_with_timestamp($creation_datetime, $destdir,
                                         $filename);
        } else {
            print "Cannot determine date/time: $filename\n";
        }
    }
}

unless (@ARGV == 2) {
    die <<EOF
Usage: $0 INDIR OUTDIR

Iterates over media files in INDIR.

If creation date/time of a media file can be determined, it is moved
into a subfolder of OUTDIR. The subfolder is named by the creation
date. The filename is prefixed with a timestamp representing the
creation time. Existing timestamps in the filename are replaced.

Sidecar files are moved and timestamped with the media files.

Dates and times are in local time.
EOF
}

my $in_dir = $ARGV[0];
$outdir = abs_path($ARGV[1]);
$script_dir = getcwd();

find(\&process_file, $in_dir);