admin.js

jQuery(function($) {
    var called = 0;
    $('#wpcontent').ajaxStop(function() {
        if ( 0 == called ) {
            $('[value="uploaded"]').attr( 'selected', true ).parent().trigger('change');
            called = 1;
        }
    });
  var oldPost = wp.media.view.MediaFrame.Post;
  wp.media.view.MediaFrame.Post = oldPost.extend({
		initialize: function() {
			oldPost.prototype.initialize.apply( this, arguments );
			this.states.get('insert').get('library').props.set('uploadedTo', wp.media.view.settings.post.id);
		}
	});
});

functions.php

add_action('admin_enqueue_scripts', 'add_admin_js');
function add_admin_js(){
  wp_enqueue_script('admin_js', get_bloginfo( 'template_directory' ) . '/javascripts/admin.js'); 
}

Mind that you don't have wp.media always availible. I've surrounded everything with if(wp.media){}

If you are creating functions.php from scratch remember to put <?php at the beginning. If in addition you are using a child theme functions.php should be:

radiokills, can you put your code in full here, please. I got "Uncaught ReferenceError: wp is not defined " in my case, so javascripts stop working (

Greetings from 2018! This still works flawlessly.

Forked it to an ES6/Babel implementation for those using modern builds!