A somewhat random list of nice data visualization type catalogs. Mostly taken from Yuri Engelhardt's tweet
Classic: https://datavizcatalogue.com
Thorough: http://datavizproject.com
R: https://www.r-graph-gallery.com
Python: https://python-graph-gallery.com
FT Vocab: http://ft.com/vocabulary
Searched: http://visualizationuniverse.com/charts
Tools: http://chartmaker.visualisingdata.com
Weird: https://xeno.graphics
Biology: http://bivi.co/