FOR vs WHILE vs DO-WHILE

for_vs_while_vs_do-while.cpp

// Iteration

// The FOR, WHILE and DO-WHILE structures are similar in that they both allow you to repeatedly 
// run code in a loop until a condition is met.

// FOR loops iterate a give number of times, represented here by the variable 'i'
// the variable is set to 0 and the FOR loop is told to increment 'i' by one (i++)
// until the condition (i < 100) is met.

int age = 50;
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
  age += 2;
}
std::cout << "The new age is " << age; // The new age is 250

// WHILE loops do not require the programmer to set the number of times it will iterate
// and will continue to run until the condition (name != "Homer Simpson") is met.

String name = "Some Name";
while (name != "Homer Simpson") {
  name = getRandomName();
}

// DO-WHILE is the same as WHILE but runs the code contained within once first before checking the conditional
// This example creates a fake database connection and then runs the database.connect() method once to try to 
// connect. If the connection status is not "connected" then keep retrying until it does.
Connection database = new Connection();

do {
  database.connect();
} while (database.status != "connected");