Use Terraform to track a subnet's tags and add your own.

manage_sn_tags.tf

# Put the tags you wish to have added to the subnet in this map variable.
variable "my_tags" {
  type = "map"
  default = {
    my_first_key = "my first value"
    my_second_key = "my second value"
  }
}

# This reads the subnet and supplies all of the information about it, including
# its tags. You need to know the subnet ID or have some other way of finding it
# using Terraform, such as using data.subnet_ids with a tags filter.
data "aws_subnet" "existing_sn" {
  id = "subnet-02ca159710a1a2af2"
}

# These locals do the following:
# 1. Combine the tags from the subnet with the tags variable. The tags variable
#    overrides since it comes last.
# 2. Takes each key and value from the map and produces a string Key=<the key>,Value="<the value>".
# 3. Joins each of those with a space, so that there is now
#    Key="<the key1>",Value="<the value1>" Key="<the key2>",Value="<the value2>" ...
#    This is the argument to --tags
locals {
  combined_tags = "${merge(data.aws_subnet.existing_sn.tags, var.my_tags)}"
  existing_tags = "${join(" ", formatlist("Key=\"%s\",Value=\"%s\"", keys(local.combined_tags), values(local.combined_tags)))}"
}

resource "null_resource" "tag_updater" {
  # This trigger will cause the script to run any time terraform runs and sees
  # that the tags on the subnet have changed. Each value in triggers should be
  # a string, so existing_tags local is used, which is one big string of all
  # of the tags.
  # Note that this will fire and run the command if tags are added to the
  # subnet by sources outside of this configuration, because it changes the
  # string of tags.
  triggers {
    subnet_tags = "${local.existing_tags}"
  }

  # When the trigger fires the following command will run. The aws command has
  # to be installed. Moving this command to a script will unfortunately result
  # in a lot of shell quoting pain, so I don't advise it.
  provisioner "local-exec" {
    command = "aws ec2 create-tags --resources ${data.aws_subnet.existing_sn.id} --tags ${local.existing_tags}"
  }
}

I added quotes around the key ("Key=%s,Value=\"%s\"" to "Key=\"%s\",Value=\"%s\"") without testing FYI.

Updated the comments to correct some things.