franga2000/Ubuntu on Acer Aspire Switch 10.md

## Ubuntu on Acer Aspire Switch 10.md

      
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              Ubuntu on Acer Aspire Switch 10.md
            
          
    Ubuntu on Acer Aspire Switch

The problem

What's the problem with this tablet? Why can't I just insert the USB and mash F12 until it boots?
The tablet is made to run Windows 8.1 and Windows 8.1 only. Some absolute genius at Acer decided to put a 32-bit UEFI on a 64-bit system, which no reasonable Linux distro supports out-of-the-box.

NOTE: This guide focuses on installing Ubuntu alongside Windows. If you're trying to replace Windows, then I assume you know enough about Linux to know which parts to change.

What works:


Keyboard
Trackpad
Touchscreen
Sound (usually)
Backlight control (with a patch)

What doesn't work:


HDMI output
Micro SD reader (read only)

Requirements

Before you start, there's a few things you need:

USB flash drive (at least 4GB)
USB OTG adapter (not always necessary, but recommended)
32-bit GRUB UEFI binary (explained below)
64-bit Ubuntu ISO
BIOS v1.20 installed (required for backlight fix - you can only update BIOS from Windows, so do it now!)
Rufus (or an equivalent image writer)
USB WiFi or Ethernet card (in case your Wi-Fi doesn't work)

Preparing the USB stick

Installing the ISO (Rufus)


Open Rufus
Select the correct USB Stick
Select "GTP for UEFI computers" as the partition table (if available)
"Select the Ubuntu 64-bit iso
Click "Create"

Building the 32-bit UEFI GRUB bootloader

If you trust me (and the owner of that repo), you can just download the file here, but remember, downloading binaries from random strangers on the internet is not a good idea.

 Building it yourself
To build GRUB, run the following commands in a Linux shell:
# Install build dependencies and tools
sudo apt-get install git bison libopts25 libselinux1-dev autogen m4 autoconf help2man libopts25-dev flex libfont-freetype-perl automake autotools-dev libfreetype6-dev texinfo
# Clone the GRUB repo
git clone git://git.savannah.gnu.org/grub.git
cd grub
# Configure GRUB
./autogen.sh
export EFI_ARCH=i386
./configure --with-platform=efi --target=${EFI_ARCH} --program-prefix=""
make
cd grub-core
# Build the GRUB image
../grub-mkimage -d . -o bootia32.efi -O i386-efi -p /boot/grub ntfs hfs appleldr boot cat efi_gop efi_uga elf fat hfsplus iso9660 linux keylayouts memdisk minicmd part_apple ext2 extcmd xfs xnu part_bsd part_gpt search search_fs_file chain btrfs loadbios loadenv lvm minix minix2 reiserfs memrw mmap msdospart scsi loopback normal configfile gzio all_video efi_gop efi_uga gfxterm gettext echo boot chain eval
This will create a file called "bootia32.efi".

Copy "bootia32.efi" to "/EFI/Boot/" on your flash drive.
Booting from the USB


Open the "BIOS" (F2 when you see the Acer logo)
Under "Security" set a supervisor password
Under "Boot" set "Secure boot" to disabled
Set the USB stick to boot first
Press F10 to save changes and reboot

If your USB doesn't show up, try to plug it in to the body directly using an OTG adapter, not via the keyboard dock).
Installing Ubuntu


The laptop should automatically boot into GRUB
In the GRUB menu choose "Try Ubuntu without installing"
Open the terminal and run ubiquity --no-bootloader to start the installer (--no-bootloader isn't usually necessary, but if your installation fails with some bootloader-related error, try this)
When prompted, select "Something else" to manually partition the drive
Add a root (ext4, "/") and swap (swap, "swap") partition
Finish the installation and hope for the best

Booting Ubuntu

In order to boot the Ubuntu we just installed, we need to use the USB GRUB again.
Just let the laptop automatically boot from the USB. When in GRUB, press C to open a command line.
Run the following commands:
set root=(hd1,gpt5)
linux /vmlinux root=/dev/mmcblk0p5
initrd /initrd.img
boot

If it doesn't work, try with /dev/mmcblk1p5 and/or booting without an SD card inserted.
Permanently installing GRUB

Obviously we can't use the USB GRUB to boot forever. Let's install GRUB:
Open the terminal and run the following commands:
# Get the 32-bit UEFI GRUB package
sudo apt-get install grub-efi-ia32 grub-efi-ia32-bin 
# Mount your EFI partition 
mkdir /boot/efi # if the dir already exists, skip the mount command
sudo mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot/efi
# Install GRUB
grub-install --target=i386-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi/
If the 32-bit grub package doesn't exist, you can compile it yourself like this:
# Get build dependencies
sudo apt-get install autoconf
# Get the GRUB source
git clone git://git.savannah.gnu.org/grub.git
# Compile 32-bit UEFI GRUB
cd grub/
./autogen.sh
./configure --with-platform=efi --target=i386
# Install GRUB
sudo grub-install --target=i386-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi/
Adding GRUB to the bootloader


Reboot the laptop and press F12 to go into the boot menu. If you see an option called "ubuntu" and it works, you can skip this part.


Go into BIOS
Under "Boot" set "Secure boot" to enabled
Press F10 to save changes and reboot
Go into BIOS again
Under "Security", click "Add trusted executable"
Navigate to *\HD0\EFI\ubuntu* and select grubia32.efi
Enter the name for the bootloader entry and press OK
Press F10 to save changes and reboot
Go into BIOS for the last time
Under "Boot" set "Secure boot" to disabled
Press F10 to save changes and reboot

You should not see the entry in the boot menu (F12)
Making things actually work

Screen backlight

See this comment. Note that this will only work if you're on BIOS v1.20.
Wireless

A lot of this has since been upstreamed, so if it works for you, you can safely skip this section.
BRCM80211


I don't have it so if someone got it working, please comment below so I can add it

RTL8723BS

The drivers for this card have been merged into the kernel, so it should work automatically.

  If it doesn't work for you:
# Clone the driver repo - if you don't have a wifi card, do this step onto a USB stick from another device
git clone https://github.com/hadess/rtl8723bs
# Build and install the driver
cd rtl8723bs
make
sudo make install
sudo modprobe r8723bs
If it doesn't work immediately, reboot.

Keyboard


  Not required on modern kernels
To make the keyboard work you need to modify the kernel source and recompile it.
Before compiling the kernel, open the file include/linux/hid.h and change the value of MAX_HID_USAGES (default is 12288) to 65536 (On aproximately line 346).
Then compile and install the kernel.
To see how to do this, read my other guide.

Sources


Building the bootloader for the USB: https://github.com/jfwells/linux-asus-t100ta/blob/master/boot/readme.md
Firmware info and backlight fix: https://hansdegoede.livejournal.com/24132.html