franzwong/README.md

## README.md

      
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              README.md
            
          
    Start VM with QEMU on MacOS


Install qemu

brew install qemu


Download QEMU_EFI.fd

Get one of the .tar.gz from the following link.
https://gist.github.com/theboreddev/5f79f86a0f163e4a1f9df919da5eea20
I pick QEMU_EFI-a096471-edk2-stable202011.tar.gz.
curl -O https://gist.github.com/theboreddev/5f79f86a0f163e4a1f9df919da5eea20/raw/f546faea68f4149c06cca88fa67ace07a3758268/QEMU_EFI-a096471-edk2-stable202011.tar.gz

Decompress to get QEMU_EFI.fd.
tar -xvf QEMU_EFI-a096471-edk2-stable202011.tar.gz


Download Ubuntu cloud image

Download it from Ubuntu.
curl -O https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/noble-server-cloudimg-arm64.img


Generate SSH key pair

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "my_testing_key" -f "id_ed25519" -N '' <<< y

The above command will generate 2 files id_ed25519 (Private key) and id_ed25519.pub (Public key).

Create user-data file (cloud-init configuration)

public_key=$(cat id_ed25519.pub)

cat << EOF > user-data
#cloud-config
users:
  - name: franz
    shell: /bin/bash
    sudo: "ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL"
    primary_group: my_test_group
    groups: sudo
    lock_passwd: true
    ssh_authorized_keys:
      - "${public_key}"

groups:
  - my_test_group

disable_root: true

mounts:
  - ["shared", "/mnt/shared", "9p", "trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L", "0", "0"]

output:
  all: ">> /var/log/cloud-init-output.log"

package_update: true

packages:
  - bindfs

runcmd:
  - groupmod -g 1000 my_test_group
  - ufw default deny incoming
  - ufw default allow outgoing
  - ufw allow 22/tcp
  - ufw enable
  - sed -i -e '/^PermitRootLogin/s/^.*$/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  - sed -i -e '$aAllowUsers franz' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
  - restart ssh
  - bindfs --map=501/1000:@20/@1000 /mnt/shared /mnt/shared

EOF


Create vendor-data file (cloud-init configuration)

touch vendor-data


Create meta-data file (cloud-init configuration)

cat << EOF > meta-data
instance-id: my-test-instance

EOF


Start ad hoc IMDS server

IMDS stands for "Instance Metadata Service". It can expose cloud-init configuration to VM.
(This command blocks. You need to start another terminal session for the remaining steps.)
python3 -m http.server --directory .


Create shared folder

mkdir -p shared


Enlarge cloud image

qemu-img resize noble-server-cloudimg-arm64.img +50G


Start VM with qemu

(This command blocks. You need to start another terminal session for the remaining steps.)
qemu-system-aarch64                                                           \
    -machine type=virt-9.0,accel=hvf                                          \
    -bios QEMU_EFI.fd                                                         \
    -cpu host                                                                 \
    -m 1024                                                                   \
    -nographic                                                                \
    -hda noble-server-cloudimg-arm64.img                                      \
    -virtfs local,path=shared,mount_tag=shared,security_model=mapped-xattr    \
    -smbios type=1,serial=ds='nocloud;s=http://10.0.2.2:8000/'                \
    -netdev user,id=mynet0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22                              \
    -device e1000,netdev=mynet0

-m 1024 - Allocate 1024MB memory
-virtfs local,path=shared,mount_tag=shared,security_model=mapped-xattr - Share host folder shared with the VM
-smbios type=1,serial=ds='nocloud;s=http://10.0.2.2:8000/ - Tell cloud-init where IMDS is
-hda noble-server-cloudimg-arm64.img - Use cloud image as virtual hard disk
-netdev user,id=mynet0,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 - Map host port 2222 to VM port 22

Connect to VM

ssh -p 2222 -i "id_ed25519" franz@localhost


Wait for cloud-init complete

(Run in VM)
sudo cloud-init status --wait


Check shared folder

(Run in VM)
ls -l -d /mnt/shared

That's it.