Casting show

Cast.c

void downCasting(){
    
    short before1 ;
    int after1 ;
    short before2 ;
    int after2 ;
    
    before1 = 1 ;

    printf("before1 : %8x \n", before1) ;
    after1 = before1 ;
    printf("after1 : %8x \n", after1) ;
    
    before2 = -1 ;
    printf("before2 : %8x \n", before2) ;
    after2 = before2 ;
    printf("after2 : %8x \n", after2) ;
    
    return ;
}

void upCasting(){
    
    short after1;
    int before1 ;
    short after2 ;
    int before2 ;
    
    before1 = 0x7FFFFFFF ; // 2147483647
    // prinft %8x makes before1 to integer type
    printf("before1 : >%x \n", before1) ;
    after1 = before1 ;
    printf("after1  : >%x \n", after1) ;
    
    before2 = 0x80000000 ; //-2147483648
    printf("before2 : >%x \n", before2) ;
    after2 = before2 ;
    printf("after2  : >%x \n", after2) ;    
    
    return ;
}

// check upcasting available 
void upCastCheck(){
    
    unsigned int before_value ;
    unsigned short tobe_value ;
    
    //C doesn't have operator(^)
    if (( before_value >= (2^(sizeof(tobe_value)*8)-1))){
        printf("ERROR") ;
    }
    else{
        tobe_value = (unsigned short)before_value ;
    }
    
}


// 
void saturation()
{
    short after ; 
    int before ; 
    
    before = 4000000 ; 
//     before = 256 ; 
    
    if ( before >= 32768 ){
        after = 32767 ;
    }else if( before < -32768 ){
        after = -32768 ;
    }
}