geolocation_cordova.js

angular.module('pit', ['ionic', 'ngCordova'])

.run(function($ionicPlatform, $cordovaGeolocation) {
  $ionicPlatform.ready(function() {
    if(window.cordova && window.cordova.plugins.Keyboard) {
      // Hide the accessory bar by default (remove this to show the accessory bar above the keyboard
      // for form inputs)
      cordova.plugins.Keyboard.hideKeyboardAccessoryBar(true);

      // Don't remove this line unless you know what you are doing. It stops the viewport
      // from snapping when text inputs are focused. Ionic handles this internally for
      // a much nicer keyboard experience.
      cordova.plugins.Keyboard.disableScroll(true);
    }
    if(window.StatusBar) {
      StatusBar.styleDefault();
    }


    // onSuccess Callback
    // This method accepts a Position object, which contains the
    // current GPS coordinates
    //
    var onSuccess = function(position) {
        console.log(position);
    };

    // onError Callback receives a PositionError object
    //
    function onError(error) {
        $.getJSON('https://ipinfo.io/geo', function(response) { 
        var loc = response.loc.split(',');
        var coords = {
            latitude: loc[0],
            longitude: loc[1]
        };
        console.log(coords);
        });  

        console.log(error);
    }

    var options = {
      enableHighAccuracy: true,
      timeout: 5000,
      maximumAge: 0
    };

    // will execute when device is ready, or immediately if the device is already ready.
    $cordovaGeolocation.getCurrentPosition(onSuccess, onError, options);

  });
})

The code should be inside $ionicPlatform.ready because this will execute first and also device ready function should be called for the geolocation to work

document.addEventListener("deviceready", onDeviceReady, false);
function onDeviceReady() {
    // onSuccess Callback
    // This method accepts a Position object, which contains the
    // current GPS coordinates
    //
    var onSuccess = function(position) {
        console.log(position);
    };

    // onError Callback receives a PositionError object
    //
    function onError(error) {
        $.getJSON('https://ipinfo.io/geo', function(response) { 
        var loc = response.loc.split(',');
        var coords = {
            latitude: loc[0],
            longitude: loc[1]
        };
        console.log(coords);
        });  

        console.log(error);
    }

    var options = {
      enableHighAccuracy: true,
      timeout: 5000,
      maximumAge: 0
    };

    // will execute when device is ready, or immediately if the device is already ready.
    $cordovaGeolocation.getCurrentPosition(onSuccess, onError, options);
}