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Last active June 2, 2019 03:40
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Difference between Ethereum and Polkadot
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The difference between the current Ethereum and Polkadot is quite large.
Ethereum is a single chain which allows developers to extend its functionality through the deployment of blobs of code onto the chain (called smart contracts).
Polkadot, as described in the whitepaper, is a fully extensible and scalable blockchain development, deployment and interaction test bed.
It aims to be able to assimilate new blockchains, high-frequency chains, and even consortium chains with ease.
In practical terms, this means that the layer of abstraction between these two projects is remarkably different for developers.
While in Ethereum developers code to deploy in a permissionless environment where smart contracts can interoperate seamlessly, this is not the case in Polkadot.
Rather, Polkadot development currently takes the form as Substrate runtime modules, which are simply Wasm blobs which dictate the entire logic for the chain State Transition Function (STF).
Difference between Ethereum 2.0 and Polkadot
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On the surface, it may appear that the Eth2.0 spec for the beacon chain and shard chains is comparable to the Polkadot relay chain and parachains. However, a key distinction is that Eth2.0 shards are homogeneous while Polkadot parachains are heterogeneous. This means that in Polkadot there is much more flexibility in the logic of the chain which can share the security with the Polkadot network, while Eth2.0 shards all are strictly the same logic.
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gokulsan commented Jun 2, 2019

Pinocchio: Nearly Practical Verifiable Computation - https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/279.pdf

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gokulsan commented Jun 2, 2019

Scalable Zero Knowledge via Cycles of Elliptic Curves - https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/595.pdf

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