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Forked from JamesDullaghan/digitalocean.md
Created July 2, 2014 13:07
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Deploy Rails app to digitalocean with nginx, unicorn, capistrano & postgres

Create droplet of your liking (ubuntu 12.10 x32)

ssh to root in terminal with your server ip

ssh root@123.123.123.123

Add ssh fingerprint and enter password provided in email

Change password

passwd

Create new user

adduser username

Set new users privileges

visudo

Find user privileges section

# User privilege specification
root  ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

Add your new user privileges under root & cntrl+x then y to save

username ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

Configure SSH

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Find and change port to one that isn't default(22 is default: choose between 1025 ..65536)

Port 22 # change this to whatever port you wish to use
Protocol 2
PermitRootLogin no

Add to bottom of sshd_config file after changing port (cntrl+x then y to save)

UseDNS no
AllowUsers username

Reload ssh

reload ssh

Don't close root! Open new shell and ssh to vps with new username(remember the port, or you're locked out!)

ssh -p 1026 username@123.123.123.123

Update packages on virtual server

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install curl

install latest stable version of rvm

curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

load rvm

source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm

install rvm dependencies

rvm requirements

Install ruby 2.0.0

rvm install 2.0.0

Use 2.0.0 as rvm default

rvm use 2.0.0 --default

install latest version of rubygems if rvm install didn't

rvm rubygems current

install rails gem

gem install rails --no-ri --no-rdoc

Install postgres

sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-server-dev-9.1
gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/usr/bin/pg_config

Create new postgres user

sudo -u postgres psql
create user username with password 'password';
alter role username superuser createrole createdb replication;
create database projectname_production owner username;

Install git-core

sudo apt-get install git-core

Install bundler

gem install bundler

setup nginx

sudo apt-get install nginx
nginx -h
cat /etc/init.d/nginx
/etc/init.d/nginx -h
sudo service nginx start
cd /etc/nginx

local unicorn setup

Add unicorn to the gemfile
create unicorn.rb & unicorn_init.sh file
chmod +x config/unicorn_init.sh

nginx.conf (change projectname and username to match your directory structure!) upstream unicorn { server unix:/tmp/unicorn.projectname.sock fail_timeout=0; }

server {
  listen 80 default deferred;
  # server_name example.com;
  root /home/username/apps/projectname/current/public;

  location ^~ /assets/ {
    gzip_static on;
    expires max;
    add_header Cache-Control public;
  }

  try_files $uri/index.html $uri @unicorn;
  location @unicorn {
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
    proxy_redirect off;
    proxy_pass http://unicorn;
  }

  error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
  client_max_body_size 4G;
  keepalive_timeout 10;
}

config/unicorn.rb

root = "/home/username/apps/projectname/current"
working_directory root
pid "#{root}/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid"
stderr_path "#{root}/log/unicorn.log"
stdout_path "#{root}/log/unicorn.log"

listen "/tmp/unicorn.projectname.sock"
worker_processes 2
timeout 30

# Force the bundler gemfile environment variable to
# reference the capistrano "current" symlink
before_exec do |_|
  ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] = File.join(root, 'Gemfile')
end

config/unicorn_init.sh

#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          unicorn
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Manage unicorn server
# Description:       Start, stop, restart unicorn server for a specific application.
### END INIT INFO
set -e

# Feel free to change any of the following variables for your app:
TIMEOUT=${TIMEOUT-60}
APP_ROOT=/home/username/apps/projectname/current
PID=$APP_ROOT/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid
CMD="cd $APP_ROOT; bundle exec unicorn -D -c $APP_ROOT/config/unicorn.rb -E production"
AS_USER=username
set -u

OLD_PIN="$PID.oldbin"

sig () {
  test -s "$PID" && kill -$1 `cat $PID`
}

oldsig () {
  test -s $OLD_PIN && kill -$1 `cat $OLD_PIN`
}

run () {
  if [ "$(id -un)" = "$AS_USER" ]; then
    eval $1
  else
    su -c "$1" - $AS_USER
  fi
}

case "$1" in
start)
  sig 0 && echo >&2 "Already running" && exit 0
  run "$CMD"
  ;;
stop)
  sig QUIT && exit 0
  echo >&2 "Not running"
  ;;
force-stop)
  sig TERM && exit 0
  echo >&2 "Not running"
  ;;
restart|reload)
  sig HUP && echo reloaded OK && exit 0
  echo >&2 "Couldn't reload, starting '$CMD' instead"
  run "$CMD"
  ;;
upgrade)
  if sig USR2 && sleep 2 && sig 0 && oldsig QUIT
  then
    n=$TIMEOUT
    while test -s $OLD_PIN && test $n -ge 0
    do
      printf '.' && sleep 1 && n=$(( $n - 1 ))
    done
    echo

    if test $n -lt 0 && test -s $OLD_PIN
    then
      echo >&2 "$OLD_PIN still exists after $TIMEOUT seconds"
      exit 1
    fi
    exit 0
  fi
  echo >&2 "Couldn't upgrade, starting '$CMD' instead"
  run "$CMD"
  ;;
reopen-logs)
  sig USR1
  ;;
*)
  echo >&2 "Usage: $0 <start|stop|restart|upgrade|force-stop|reopen-logs>"
  exit 1
  ;;
esac

Add capistrano and rvm capistrano to gemfile

gem 'capistrano'
gem 'rvm-capistrano'

Create capfile & config/deploy.rb files

capify .

deploy.rb

require "bundler/capistrano"
require "rvm/capistrano"

server "123.123.123.123", :web, :app, :db, primary: true

set :application, "projectname"
set :user, "username"
set :port, 22
set :deploy_to, "/home/#{user}/apps/#{application}"
set :deploy_via, :remote_cache
set :use_sudo, false

set :scm, "git"
set :repository, "git@github.com:username/#{application}.git"
set :branch, "master"


default_run_options[:pty] = true
ssh_options[:forward_agent] = true

after "deploy", "deploy:cleanup" # keep only the last 5 releases

namespace :deploy do
  %w[start stop restart].each do |command|
    desc "#{command} unicorn server"
    task command, roles: :app, except: {no_release: true} do
      run "/etc/init.d/unicorn_#{application} #{command}"
    end
  end

  task :setup_config, roles: :app do
    sudo "ln -nfs #{current_path}/config/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/#{application}"
    sudo "ln -nfs #{current_path}/config/unicorn_init.sh /etc/init.d/unicorn_#{application}"
    run "mkdir -p #{shared_path}/config"
    put File.read("config/database.example.yml"), "#{shared_path}/config/database.yml"
    puts "Now edit the config files in #{shared_path}."
  end
  after "deploy:setup", "deploy:setup_config"

  task :symlink_config, roles: :app do
    run "ln -nfs #{shared_path}/config/database.yml #{release_path}/config/database.yml"
  end
  after "deploy:finalize_update", "deploy:symlink_config"

  desc "Make sure local git is in sync with remote."
  task :check_revision, roles: :web do
    unless `git rev-parse HEAD` == `git rev-parse origin/master`
      puts "WARNING: HEAD is not the same as origin/master"
      puts "Run `git push` to sync changes."
      exit
    end
  end
  before "deploy", "deploy:check_revision"
end

Capfile

load 'deploy'
load 'deploy/assets'
load 'config/deploy'

Shake hands with github

# follow the steps in this guide if receive permission denied(public key)
# https://help.github.com/articles/error-permission-denied-publickey
ssh github@github.com

Add ssh key to digitalocean

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh -p 22 username@123.123.123.123 'cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys'

Create repo and push to github

# Add config/database.yml to .gitignore
cp config/database.yml config/database.example.yml
git init
git add .
git commit -m "Inital Commit"
git remote add origin git@github.com:username/reponame
git push origin master

deployment

cap deploy:setup
# edit /home/username/apps/projectname/shared/config/database.yml on server
cap deploy:cold

after deploy:cold

sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
sudo service nginx restart
sudo update-rc.d -f unicorn_projectname defaults

Make changes and deploy

# Make changes
git add .
git commit -m "Changes"
git push origin master
cap deploy

Resources from Railscasts/digital ocean documentation. For use if puppet or chef is a little over your head. I know you can spawn up a rails app using nginx and unicorn with mysql, but you don't learn much that way!

Hopefully I didn't miss any steps, although I'm sure I did. Please leave comments if you run into troubles.

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