The last few days I solved the first levels of Nebula. Nebula is an exploit exercise which consists of twenty levels. The level zero to eight where no real trouble. The level09 drove me crazy. I never wrote serious php code so I was not able to solve the string injection without cheating. For [level10] I gave up a bit too early as-well, after the first hint about TOCTOU (time-of-use to time-of-check) made me solve this with two simple bash scripts.
For the Level 11 flag cheating was no option for me. This walk through describes how I did solve this exercise. The description of this exercise states the following:
The /home/flag11/flag11 binary processes standard input and executes a shell command. There are two ways of completing this level, you may wish to do both :-) To do this level, log in as the level11 account with th