greemwahr/learnphp.php

## learnphp.php
<html>

	<head>
		<title>Information Gathered</title>
	</head>

	<body>

		<!--
			You embed PHP code between tags
			echo puts what ever is between quotes in the browser

			php code doesn't show if a user tries to view source

			A semicolon has to finish every php statement

			Single quotes : Print what is between them and ignore
				escape sequences except for \' and \\

			Double quotes : Print many escape sequences, the values
				for variables, and more
		-->

		<?php

			/* Multiline
				comment */

			// Single line comment

			# Another single line comment

			echo "<p>Data Processed at </p>";

			// Define the time zone based on the coordinated universal time
			date_default_timezone_set('UTC');

			/* Echos the date
				h : 12 hr format
				H : 24 hr format
				i : Minutes
				s : Seconds
				u : Microseconds
				a : Lowercase am or pm
				l : Full text for the day
				F : Full text for the month
				j : Day of the month
				S : Suffix for the day st, nd, rd, etc.
				Y : 4 digit year
			*/
			echo date('h:i:s:u a, l F jS Y e');
			echo "</p>";

			/*
				You store values in variables that have a name
				that starts with a $

				Variables can be of any length and contain letters,
				numbers, or underscores

				They can't begin with a digit adnd are case sensitive.
				numOfCats is not equal to numofcats

				A variable is created and given a data type when it
				receives a value. That data type can change based on
				if the data is changed.

				a. Integer : Whole Numbers
				b. Float : Decimal Numbers
				c. String : Strings or characters
				d. Boolean : true or false
				e. Array : Multiple Items
				f. Object : A Object defined by a class

				A variable by default gets the value NULL

				You can access values from the html that called
				this php script to execute by putting the name
				assigned in the html in single quotes

				The data is stored in an array which is named
				$_POST
			*/

			$usersName = $_POST['username'];
			$streetAddress = $_POST['streetaddress'];
			$cityAddress = $_POST['cityaddress'];

			echo '<p>Your Information</p>';

			// You can combine variables with text using a .

			echo $usersName. ' lives at </br>';
			echo $streetAddress. ' in </br>';
			echo $cityAddress. '</br></br>';

			/*
				You can define text using heredoc syntax in the
				same way you use double quotes.
				Starts with <<< and an identifier that can't be
				used any place else in the text.
				It ends with the identifier and a semicolon
				without any white space or anything else.
			*/
			$str = <<<EOD
			The customers name is
			$usersName and they
			live at $streetAddress
			in $cityAddress</br></br>
EOD;

			echo $str;

			/*
				You can define constants thats value can't change
				When we call for a constant we don't use a $ and
				they are normally uppercase
			*/
			define('PI', 3.1415926);

			echo "The value of PI is " . PI;

			// Arithmetic operators
			echo "</br></br>5 + 2 = " . (5 + 2);
			echo "</br>5 - 2 = " . (5 - 2);
			echo "</br>5 * 2 = " . (5 * 2);

			// You can cast from 1 type to another like this
			echo "</br>5 / 2 = " . (integer) (5 / 2);
			echo "</br>5 % 2 = " . (5 % 2) . "</br></br>";

			// Use this shortcut when performing an operation using
			// the same variable +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, .=

			$randNum = 5;
			echo $randNum += 5;

			echo "</br></br>";

			// You can increment and decrement with this shortcut

			echo "++randNum = " . ++$randNum . "</br>";
			echo "randNum++ = " . $randNum++;

			echo "</br></br>";

			/*
				The reference operator (ampersan / &) can create a
				reference to a variable so if one changes so does the
				other
			*/
			$refToNum = &$randNum;
			$randNum = 100;
			echo '$refToNum = ' . $refToNum;

			echo "</br></br>";

			// Comparison Operators : ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
			// === (Equal & Same Type), !== (Not Equal or Same Type)
			// An if block will perform one action or another depending
			// on conditions
			if(5 == 10){

				echo '5 = 10';

			} else {

				echo '5 != 10';

			}

			echo "</br></br>";

			/*
				elseif is used when you have more conditions to check
			*/
			$numOfOranges = 4;
			$numOfBananas = 36;

			if(($numOfOranges > 25) && ($numOfBananas > 30)){

				echo '25% Discount';

			} elseif (($numOfOranges > 30) || ($numOfBananas > 35)){

				echo '15% Discount';

			} elseif (!(($numOfOranges < 5)) || (!($numOfBananas < 5))){

				echo '5% Discount';

			} else {

				echo 'No Discount For You';

			}

			echo "</br></br>";

			// The ternary operator assigns one or another value
			// depending on the condition
			// condition ? value if true : value if false

			$biggestNum = (15 > 10) ? 15 : 10;

			echo 'Biggest Number is ' . $biggestNum;

			echo "</br></br>";

			// Switch provides different actions depending upon values

			switch($usersName) {

				case "Derek" :
					echo "Hello Derek";
					break;

				case "Sally" :
					echo "Hello Sally";
					break;

				default :
					echo "Hello Valued Customer";
					break;
			}

			echo "</br></br>";

			// The while loop performs actions until a condition is met

			$num = 0;

			while($num < 20){

				echo ++$num . ', ';

			}

			echo "</br></br>";

			// The for loop performs actions until a condition is met
			// like the while, but it a compact way

			for($num = 1; $num <= 20; $num++){

				echo $num;

				if($num != 20){
					echo ', ';
				} else {
					break; // or exit() to leave the whole script
				}

			}

			echo "</br></br>";

			// An array can store multiple values

			$bestFriends = array('Joy', 'Willow', 'Ivy');

			// You can access an item by index starting with 0

			echo 'My wife ' . $bestFriends[0];

			echo "</br></br>";

			// You can add an item by storing in a unused index

			$bestFriends[4] = 'Steve';

			echo 'My friend ' . $bestFriends[4];

			echo "</br></br>";

			// You could cycle through the array with for or foreach

			foreach($bestFriends as $friend){

				echo $friend . ', ';

			}

			echo "</br></br>";

			// You can create key value pairs in arrays

			$customer = array('Name'=>$usersName, 'Street'=>$streetAddress, 'City'=>$cityAddress);

			foreach($customer as $key => $value){

				echo $key . ' : ' . $value . '</br>';

			}

			echo "</br></br>";

			// You can combine arrays with +

			$bestFriends = $bestFriends + $customer;

			foreach($bestFriends as $friend){

				echo $friend . ', ';

			}

			// Other common array operators
			// == : Returns true of false if arrays are equal
			// != : Returns if not equal
			// === : Returns if the same items, same order and data type

			echo "</br></br>";

			// Multidimensional arrays are arrays in arrays

			$customers = array(array('Derek', '123 Main', '15212'),
							   array('Sue', '124 Main', '15222'),
							   array('Bob', '125 Main', '15212'));

			for($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++){

				for($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++){

					echo $customers[$row][$col] . ', ';

				}
				echo '</br>';

			}

			// Common Array Functions
			// sort($yourArray) : Sorts in ascending alphabetical order or
			// if you add , SORT_NUMERIC or , SORT_STRING
			// asort($yourArray) : sorts arrays with keys
			// ksort($yourArray) : sorts by the key
			// Put a r infront of the above to sort in reverse order

			echo "</br></br>";

			// Strings store a series of characters

			$randString = "         Random String       ";

			// You can trim white space with ltrim, rtrim, or trim

			echo strlen($randString) . "</br>";
			echo strlen(ltrim($randString)) . "</br>";
			echo strlen(rtrim($randString)) . "</br>";
			echo strlen(trim($randString)) . "</br>";

			echo "</br></br>";

			// printf allows you to print formatted Strings to the screen

			echo "The randomString is $randString </br>";

			printf ("The randomString is %s </br>", $randString);

			// Coversion codes are useful with decimals

			$decimalNum = 2.3456;

			printf ("decimal num = %.2f </br>", $decimalNum);

			// Other conversion codes
			// b : integer to binary
			// c : integer to character
			// d : integer to decimal
			// f : double to float
			// o : integer to octal
			// s : string to string
			// x : integer to hexadecimal

			printf ("10 to binary %b </br>", 10);

			echo "</br></br>";

			// String case functions

			echo strtoupper($randString) . "</br>";
			echo strtolower($randString) . "</br>";
			echo ucfirst($randString) . "</br>";

			echo "</br></br>";

			// Turning strings into arrays and vice versa

			$arrayForString = explode(' ', $randString, 2);

			$stringToArray = implode(' ', $arrayForString);

			echo "</br></br>";

			// Get part of a string

			$partOfString = substr("Random String", 0, 6);

			echo "Part of String $partOfString </br>";

			echo "</br></br>";

			// Comparing Strings

			$man = "Man";
			$manhole = "Manhole";

			// Returns 0 is equal
			// Returns positive if str1 is greater then str2
			// Returns negative if str1 is less than then str2
			// strcasecmp() isn't case sensitive

			echo strcmp($man, $manhole) . "</br>";

			echo "</br></br>";

			// strstr() returns every character after the sting to look for
			// stristr() isn't case sensitive

			echo "The String " . strstr($randString, "String") . "</br>";

			echo "</br></br>";

			// strpos() returns the location for the match

			echo "Loc of String " . strpos($randString, "String") . "</br>";

			echo "</br></br>";

			// str_replace() replaces a string with another

			$newString = str_replace("String", "Stuff", $randString)  . "</br>";

			echo "New string " . $newString . "</br>";

			echo "</br></br>";

			// Escaping characters

			$dbString = '"Random quotes"';

			echo addslashes($dbString) . "</br>";
			echo stripslashes($dbString) . "</br>";

			echo "</br></br>";

			// Get the data type for a variable

			echo 'Data Type for $biggestNum is ' . gettype($biggestNum);

			echo "</br></br>";

			/* You can check for other types of data with
				is_array : is_bool : is_double : is_int : is_null :
				is_numeric : is_string
			*/

			// empty() returns true or false if a var has a non-zero value

			echo 'Does $biggestNum exist ';
			echo empty($biggestNum) ? 'false' : 'true';

			echo "</br></br>";

			// isset() returns true or false if a variable exists

			echo 'Does $biggestNum exist ';
			echo isset($biggestNum) ? 'true' : 'false';

			echo "</br></br>";

			// You can execute unix commands by surrounding with `s
			echo `ls -la`; // Unix or OSX

			// echo `dir /w`; WINDOWS

			echo "</br></br>";

			/*
				Functions allow you to reuse code
				A function must begin with a letter, but can contain
				numbers and underscores
			*/

			function addNumbers($num1, $num2){

				return $num1 + $num2;

			}

			echo "3 + 4 = " . addNumbers(3, 4);

		?>

	</body>

</html>
	<html>

	<head>
	<title>Information Gathered</title>
	</head>

	<body>

	<!--
	You embed PHP code between tags
	echo puts what ever is between quotes in the browser

	php code doesn't show if a user tries to view source

	A semicolon has to finish every php statement

	Single quotes : Print what is between them and ignore
	escape sequences except for \' and \\

	Double quotes : Print many escape sequences, the values
	for variables, and more
	-->

	<?php

	/* Multiline
	comment */

	// Single line comment

	# Another single line comment

	echo "<p>Data Processed at </p>";

	// Define the time zone based on the coordinated universal time
	date_default_timezone_set('UTC');

	/* Echos the date
	h : 12 hr format
	H : 24 hr format
	i : Minutes
	s : Seconds
	u : Microseconds
	a : Lowercase am or pm
	l : Full text for the day
	F : Full text for the month
	j : Day of the month
	S : Suffix for the day st, nd, rd, etc.
	Y : 4 digit year
	*/
	echo date('h:i:s:u a, l F jS Y e');
	echo "</p>";

	/*
	You store values in variables that have a name
	that starts with a $

	Variables can be of any length and contain letters,
	numbers, or underscores

	They can't begin with a digit adnd are case sensitive.
	numOfCats is not equal to numofcats

	A variable is created and given a data type when it
	receives a value. That data type can change based on
	if the data is changed.

	a. Integer : Whole Numbers
	b. Float : Decimal Numbers
	c. String : Strings or characters
	d. Boolean : true or false
	e. Array : Multiple Items
	f. Object : A Object defined by a class

	A variable by default gets the value NULL

	You can access values from the html that called
	this php script to execute by putting the name
	assigned in the html in single quotes

	The data is stored in an array which is named
	$_POST
	*/

	$usersName = $_POST['username'];
	$streetAddress = $_POST['streetaddress'];
	$cityAddress = $_POST['cityaddress'];

	echo '<p>Your Information</p>';

	// You can combine variables with text using a .

	echo $usersName. ' lives at </br>';
	echo $streetAddress. ' in </br>';
	echo $cityAddress. '</br></br>';

	/*
	You can define text using heredoc syntax in the
	same way you use double quotes.
	Starts with <<< and an identifier that can't be
	used any place else in the text.
	It ends with the identifier and a semicolon
	without any white space or anything else.
	*/
	$str = <<<EOD
	The customers name is
	$usersName and they
	live at $streetAddress
	in $cityAddress</br></br>
	EOD;

	echo $str;

	/*
	You can define constants thats value can't change
	When we call for a constant we don't use a $ and
	they are normally uppercase
	*/
	define('PI', 3.1415926);

	echo "The value of PI is " . PI;

	// Arithmetic operators
	echo "</br></br>5 + 2 = " . (5 + 2);
	echo "</br>5 - 2 = " . (5 - 2);
	echo "</br>5 * 2 = " . (5 * 2);

	// You can cast from 1 type to another like this
	echo "</br>5 / 2 = " . (integer) (5 / 2);
	echo "</br>5 % 2 = " . (5 % 2) . "</br></br>";

	// Use this shortcut when performing an operation using
	// the same variable +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, .=

	$randNum = 5;
	echo $randNum += 5;

	echo "</br></br>";

	// You can increment and decrement with this shortcut

	echo "++randNum = " . ++$randNum . "</br>";
	echo "randNum++ = " . $randNum++;

	echo "</br></br>";

	/*
	The reference operator (ampersan / &) can create a
	reference to a variable so if one changes so does the
	other
	*/
	$refToNum = &$randNum;
	$randNum = 100;
	echo '$refToNum = ' . $refToNum;

	echo "</br></br>";

	// Comparison Operators : ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
	// === (Equal & Same Type), !== (Not Equal or Same Type)
	// An if block will perform one action or another depending
	// on conditions
	if(5 == 10){

	echo '5 = 10';

	} else {

	echo '5 != 10';

	}

	echo "</br></br>";

	/*
	elseif is used when you have more conditions to check
	*/
	$numOfOranges = 4;
	$numOfBananas = 36;

	if(($numOfOranges > 25) && ($numOfBananas > 30)){

	echo '25% Discount';

	} elseif (($numOfOranges > 30) \|\| ($numOfBananas > 35)){

	echo '15% Discount';

	} elseif (!(($numOfOranges < 5)) \|\| (!($numOfBananas < 5))){

	echo '5% Discount';

	} else {

	echo 'No Discount For You';

	}

	echo "</br></br>";

	// The ternary operator assigns one or another value
	// depending on the condition
	// condition ? value if true : value if false

	$biggestNum = (15 > 10) ? 15 : 10;

	echo 'Biggest Number is ' . $biggestNum;

	echo "</br></br>";

	// Switch provides different actions depending upon values

	switch($usersName) {

	case "Derek" :
	echo "Hello Derek";
	break;

	case "Sally" :
	echo "Hello Sally";
	break;

	default :
	echo "Hello Valued Customer";
	break;
	}

	echo "</br></br>";

	// The while loop performs actions until a condition is met

	$num = 0;

	while($num < 20){

	echo ++$num . ', ';

	}

	echo "</br></br>";

	// The for loop performs actions until a condition is met
	// like the while, but it a compact way

	for($num = 1; $num <= 20; $num++){

	echo $num;

	if($num != 20){
	echo ', ';
	} else {
	break; // or exit() to leave the whole script
	}

	}

	echo "</br></br>";

	// An array can store multiple values

	$bestFriends = array('Joy', 'Willow', 'Ivy');

	// You can access an item by index starting with 0

	echo 'My wife ' . $bestFriends[0];

	echo "</br></br>";

	// You can add an item by storing in a unused index

	$bestFriends[4] = 'Steve';

	echo 'My friend ' . $bestFriends[4];

	echo "</br></br>";

	// You could cycle through the array with for or foreach

	foreach($bestFriends as $friend){

	echo $friend . ', ';

	}

	echo "</br></br>";

	// You can create key value pairs in arrays

	$customer = array('Name'=>$usersName, 'Street'=>$streetAddress, 'City'=>$cityAddress);

	foreach($customer as $key => $value){

	echo $key . ' : ' . $value . '</br>';

	}

	echo "</br></br>";

	// You can combine arrays with +

	$bestFriends = $bestFriends + $customer;

	foreach($bestFriends as $friend){

	echo $friend . ', ';

	}

	// Other common array operators
	// == : Returns true of false if arrays are equal
	// != : Returns if not equal
	// === : Returns if the same items, same order and data type

	echo "</br></br>";

	// Multidimensional arrays are arrays in arrays

	$customers = array(array('Derek', '123 Main', '15212'),
	array('Sue', '124 Main', '15222'),
	array('Bob', '125 Main', '15212'));

	for($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++){

	for($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++){

	echo $customers[$row][$col] . ', ';

	}
	echo '</br>';

	}

	// Common Array Functions
	// sort($yourArray) : Sorts in ascending alphabetical order or
	// if you add , SORT_NUMERIC or , SORT_STRING
	// asort($yourArray) : sorts arrays with keys
	// ksort($yourArray) : sorts by the key
	// Put a r infront of the above to sort in reverse order

	echo "</br></br>";

	// Strings store a series of characters

	$randString = " Random String ";

	// You can trim white space with ltrim, rtrim, or trim

	echo strlen($randString) . "</br>";
	echo strlen(ltrim($randString)) . "</br>";
	echo strlen(rtrim($randString)) . "</br>";
	echo strlen(trim($randString)) . "</br>";

	echo "</br></br>";

	// printf allows you to print formatted Strings to the screen

	echo "The randomString is $randString </br>";

	printf ("The randomString is %s </br>", $randString);

	// Coversion codes are useful with decimals

	$decimalNum = 2.3456;

	printf ("decimal num = %.2f </br>", $decimalNum);

	// Other conversion codes
	// b : integer to binary
	// c : integer to character
	// d : integer to decimal
	// f : double to float
	// o : integer to octal
	// s : string to string
	// x : integer to hexadecimal

	printf ("10 to binary %b </br>", 10);

	echo "</br></br>";

	// String case functions

	echo strtoupper($randString) . "</br>";
	echo strtolower($randString) . "</br>";
	echo ucfirst($randString) . "</br>";

	echo "</br></br>";

	// Turning strings into arrays and vice versa

	$arrayForString = explode(' ', $randString, 2);

	$stringToArray = implode(' ', $arrayForString);

	echo "</br></br>";

	// Get part of a string

	$partOfString = substr("Random String", 0, 6);

	echo "Part of String $partOfString </br>";

	echo "</br></br>";

	// Comparing Strings

	$man = "Man";
	$manhole = "Manhole";

	// Returns 0 is equal
	// Returns positive if str1 is greater then str2
	// Returns negative if str1 is less than then str2
	// strcasecmp() isn't case sensitive

	echo strcmp($man, $manhole) . "</br>";

	echo "</br></br>";

	// strstr() returns every character after the sting to look for
	// stristr() isn't case sensitive

	echo "The String " . strstr($randString, "String") . "</br>";

	echo "</br></br>";

	// strpos() returns the location for the match

	echo "Loc of String " . strpos($randString, "String") . "</br>";

	echo "</br></br>";

	// str_replace() replaces a string with another

	$newString = str_replace("String", "Stuff", $randString) . "</br>";

	echo "New string " . $newString . "</br>";

	echo "</br></br>";

	// Escaping characters

	$dbString = '"Random quotes"';

	echo addslashes($dbString) . "</br>";
	echo stripslashes($dbString) . "</br>";

	echo "</br></br>";

	// Get the data type for a variable

	echo 'Data Type for $biggestNum is ' . gettype($biggestNum);

	echo "</br></br>";

	/* You can check for other types of data with
	is_array : is_bool : is_double : is_int : is_null :
	is_numeric : is_string
	*/

	// empty() returns true or false if a var has a non-zero value

	echo 'Does $biggestNum exist ';
	echo empty($biggestNum) ? 'false' : 'true';

	echo "</br></br>";

	// isset() returns true or false if a variable exists

	echo 'Does $biggestNum exist ';
	echo isset($biggestNum) ? 'true' : 'false';

	echo "</br></br>";

	// You can execute unix commands by surrounding with `s
	echo `ls -la`; // Unix or OSX

	// echo `dir /w`; WINDOWS

	echo "</br></br>";

	/*
	Functions allow you to reuse code
	A function must begin with a letter, but can contain
	numbers and underscores
	*/

	function addNumbers($num1, $num2){

	return $num1 + $num2;

	}

	echo "3 + 4 = " . addNumbers(3, 4);

	?>

	</body>

	</html>