guruskid/ubuntu-webserver-setup.md

## ubuntu-webserver-setup.md

      
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              ubuntu-webserver-setup.md
            
          
    Ubuntu Webserver Setup

This tutorial shows you how to install a LAMP stack under Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver).
Contents


Requirements
Install Apache, PHP, MySQL

Test Apache
Create a PHP info page


Enable apache mod_rewrite
Set permissions
Setup a SFTP server
Change mysql root password
Install composer

Requirements


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) ISO
from the download page

Install Apache, PHP, MySQL

All required components can be installed from the official package sources.
Here you can install other server components besides Apache, MySQL and PHP.
Expert info: During the installation, a password for the database administrator root is always requested. Please choose this password carefully and keep it safe. And please do not confuse the database administrator with the system administrator account root. They are two completely different users, even if the name is identical.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vim -y
sudo apt-get install apache2 -y
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient-dev -y
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php7.2 php7.2 php7.2-mysql php7.2-sqlite -y
sudo apt-get install php7.2-mbstring php7.2-curl php7.2-intl php7.2-gd php7.2-zip php7.2-bz2 -y
sudo apt-get install php7.2-dom php7.2-xml php7.2-soap -y
Test Apache

For a first test with a web browser, visit http://localhost or http://127.0.0.1
The following should be displayed:
It works!

This is the default web page for this server.

The web server software is running but no content has been added, yet.

If this page is not displayed, Apache probably hasn't started yet.
In this case, start the web server with the following command:
sudo service apache2 start 
Create a PHP info page

cd /var/www/html/
sudo echo "<?php phpinfo();" > phpinfo.php
Open: http://localhost/phpinfo.php
Enable apache mod_rewrite

To enable the rewrite modul, run:
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo a2enmod actions
If you plan on using mod_rewrite in .htaccess files, you also need to enable the use of .htaccess
files by changing AllowOverride None to AllowOverride All.
sudo vim /etc/apache2/apache2.conf 
<Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
</Directory>
Finally, the configuration of Apache has to be reloaded.
sudo service apache2 restart
Optional: To check if mod_rewrite is installed correctly, download an run this script:
Webserver and PHP configuration tester
cd /var/www/html/
sudo php -r "copy('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/odan/64606e3668eac0e13afc/raw/d0fcc8efadaab6c197f3c63f09e4232cb599c2b2/webserver-test.php', 'webserver-test.php');"
sudo php webserver-test.php
Set permissions

Make /var/www/ writable without sudo privileges.
Set owner for /var/www/ to www-data (recursive)
sudo chown -R www-data /var/www/
The next command adds a attribute (recursive) which will keep new files
and directories within /var/www/ having the same group permissions.
sudo chmod -R g+s /var/www/
Test the result
ls -l
Note: On a production server it's recommended to chown www-data to /var/www/another_folder/, not to /var/www/.
Change mysql root password

Start mysql
sudo service mysql start
Open debian.cnf and copy the password of the user debian-sys-maint to the clipboard.
sudo vim /etc/mysql/debian.cnf
Login with this command and paste the password from the clipboard.
sudo mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p 
Change the password:
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('MyNewPass'), plugin='mysql_native_password' where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit; 
Note On a production server you should now run sudo mysql_secure_installation to
improve the security of your MySQL installation.
Read more:

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-secure-installation.html
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/mysql_secure_installation/

Install composer

cd /var/www/
sudo php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
sudo php composer-setup.php --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
sudo php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"
sudo composer
Install adminer

cd /var/www/html/
sudo php -r "copy('https://github.com/vrana/adminer/releases/download/v4.6.2/adminer-4.6.2.php', 'adminer.php');"
Open: http://localhost/adminer.php
Setup a SFTP server

sudo apt-get install openssh-server
Read more: How to setup a restricted SFTP server on Ubuntu?