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{
  "nodes": [{
      "url": "https://www.example.com/index.html"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.example.com/category.html"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.example.com/post/1"
    },

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def required(argName):
    def decorator(f):
        def wrapper(*args, **kwarg):
            if request.args.get(argName):
                return f(*args, **kwarg)
            else:
                abort()
        return wrapper
    return decorator

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################ Types

from __future__ import division

Symbol = str          # A Lisp Symbol is implemented as a Python str
List   = list         # A Lisp List is implemented as a Python list
Number = (int, float) # A Lisp Number is implemented as a Python int or float

################ Parsing: parse, tokenize, and read_from_tokens

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class Foo(object):
    def talk(self, name):
        raise NotImplementedError
    def fly(self, ID):
        raise NotImplementedError

class AAA(Foo):
    def talk(self, name):
        print "AAA: talking to %s now" % name
    def fly(self, ID):

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import random

def prob_choice(items):
    total_prob = sum(i[1] for i in items)
    r = random.uniform(0, total_prob)
    for value, prob in items:
        if r < prob:
            return value
        r -= prob
    return items[-1][0]

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from functools import partial
def func(a, b, c):
    print a, b, c

func_fix_b = partial(func, b="what you want,")
func_fix_b(a="Here is", c="take it")
# Here is what you want, take it
func_fix_b("Here is", c="take it")
# Here is what you want, take it

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One-line Tree in Python

Using Python's built-in defaultdict we can easily define a tree data structure:

def tree(): return defaultdict(tree)

That's it!

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d = {
"A0801_000000_201301": "1,321.8", 
"A0801_000000_201302": "1,199.8", 
"A0801_000000_201309": "1,433.4", 
"A0802_000000_201305": "6,688.3", 
"A0802_000000_201306": "8,085.2", 
"A0802_000000_201307": "9,481.0", 
"A0802_000000_201308": "10,878.4", 
"A0802_000000_201309": "12,311.8", 
"A0802_000000_201310": "13,739.9", 

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from itertools import groupby
# A sample input of a word count problem
source = ["Here is the first line in this source",
          "And Here is the second line in this source",
          "Welcome to the third line in this source"]
# map stage
map_result = map(lambda line: [(word.lower(), 1) for word in line.split()], source)
# [[('here', 1), ('is', 1), ('the', 1), ('first', 1),
#   ('line', 1), ('in', 1), ('this', 1), ('source', 1)],
#  [('and', 1), ('here', 1), ('is', 1), ('the', 1), ('second', 1),