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Multi-stage docker builds

I thought this would help dispell confusion with multi-stage docker builds and how environment variables and build-arguments function with them.

This example file is similar to many multi-stage builds.

FROM alpine:3.16.0 as builder
ARG BUILDTIME_VAR
ENV RUNTIME_VAR "default_runtime_value"

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 add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' 'http://localhost:3000' always;
 add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'  always;
 add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' 'Authorization,Accept,Origin,DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type,Content-Range,Range' always;
 add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' 'GET,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,DELETE,PATCH' always;

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/**
 * Convenience method for creating not rigorously random uuids to help with testing staging and development APIs
 * Definition based off this answer: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/105034/how-to-create-a-guid-uuid#answer-105074
 */
function createFakeUuid () {
  return 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-Mxxx-Nxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.split('').map(x => {
    const chars = '0123456789abcdef';
    const seed = Math.random();
    switch (x) {
      case 'M':

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> npm i -g jwt-decode
> JWT=<your_token> NODE_PATH=$(npm get prefix)/lib/node_modules node
> require('jwt-decode')(process.env.JWT)
// claims will print

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How to make a single file PR using github API

(Note this is using github's v3 API. They have a new v4 version that uses graphql. Haven't tried that at the time of writing.)

Using github API is a bit weird at first, because uses the same lower-level git commands that are abstracted away to the normal user. However, this is actually a good thing to some degree, because it means you can do things like changing a single file without copying out an entire branch or repo to your disk.

I will be referencing git objects (blobs, trees, refs, etc.) in this short tutorial, but not covering them in gory detail. You can learn more about them here.

Step 1 Upload a Blob

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{
    "include": [
        "src/**/*"
    ],
    "exclude": [
        "node_modules"
    ],
    "compilerOptions": {
        "outDir": "dist"
    }

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{
  "name": "example-package-json",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "dependencies": {
    "csv-parse": "^4.4.1",
    "typescript": "^3.4.4"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/chai": "^4.1.7",

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{
    "rules": {
      "array-type": [true, "array-simple"],
      "arrow-return-shorthand": true,
      "ban": [true,
        {"name": ["it", "skip"]},
        {"name": ["it", "only"]},
        {"name": ["it", "async", "skip"]},
        {"name": ["it", "async", "only"]},
        {"name": ["describe", "skip"]},

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function serializeParamsIntoUrl(baseUrl: string, params: any) {
  let queryParams = []
  for (let key in params) {
    queryParams.push(`${key}=${params[key]}`)
  }
  baseUrl += (baseUrl.indexOf('?') < 0) ? '?' : ''
  return baseUrl + queryParams.join('&')
}

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/*
 * Quick Sort implementation in JS, using stack instead of recursion
 */
function quickSort(arr) {
  let stack = [[0, Math.floor(Math.random() * arr.length), arr.length - 1]];

  while(stack.length > 0) {
    let vals = stack.pop();
    let startingIndex = vals[0];
    let pivot = vals[1];