input_output.rs

// Initialize the random number generator
let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(123);
// ...
// Set the batch size for training
let batch_size = 16;
// ...
// Generate random input samples within the range [-3.0, 3.0]
let x: Array2<f64> = Array2::from_shape_fn((batch_size, 2), |_| rng.gen_range(-3.0..=3.0));

// Compute the target values for the input samples using the PDF function
let pdf_values: Array1<f64> = x
    .axis_iter(ndarray::Axis(0))
    .map(|row| {
        let (x, y) = (row[0], row[1]);
        pdf(x, y)
    })
    .collect();
let target = pdf_values
    .into_shape((batch_size, 1))
    .expect("Unable to convert target to correct shape");