Really simple sample application

activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/btn_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true">
        <Button
            android:text="Add"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:onClick="onAddButton"/>
        <Button
            android:text="Remove"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:onClick="onRemoveButton"/>
    </LinearLayout>

    <ListView
        android:layout_above="@id/btn_container"
        android:id="@+id/list"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"></ListView>
</RelativeLayout>

arrays.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string-array name="labels">
        <item>Foo</item>
        <item>Bar</item>
        <item>Hoge</item>
        <item>Fuga</item>
    </string-array>
</resources>

MainActivity.java

package com.hkurokawa.sampleapplication;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView list;
    private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;
    private int gid;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        list = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);
        ArrayList<String> labelsList = new ArrayList<>();
        labelsList.addAll(Arrays.asList(getResources().getStringArray(R.array.labels)));
        adapter = new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, labelsList);
        list.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    public void onAddButton(View view) {
        adapter.add("Item " + gid++);
    }

    public void onRemoveButton(View view) {
        if (adapter.getCount() > 0) {
            adapter.remove(adapter.getItem(adapter.getCount() - 1));
        }
    }
}