meta.js

const metaProp = Symbol.for("meta");

function withMeta(m, x) {
  Object.defineProperty(x, metaProp, {
    value: m,
    writable: true,
    configurable: true,
    enumerable: false,
  });
  return x;
}

function meta(x) {
  return x[metaProp];
}

function alterMeta(x, f) {
  x[metaProp] = f(x[metaProp]);
  return x;
}

function resetMeta(x) {
  delete x[metaProp];
  return x;
}

const a = { foo: "bar" };
const b = withMeta({ version: 1 }, a);

console.log(a, b, a === b);
console.log(
  JSON.stringify(a),
  JSON.stringify(b),
  JSON.stringify(a) === JSON.stringify(b)
);
console.log(Object.entries(a), Object.entries(b));
console.log(meta(a), meta(b));

const c = alterMeta(a, ({ version }) => ({ version: version + 1 }));

console.log(meta(a), a, meta(c), c);

const d = resetMeta(a);

console.log(meta(a), a, meta(d), d);

$ node meta.js
{ foo: 'bar' } { foo: 'bar' } true
{"foo":"bar"} {"foo":"bar"} true
[ [ 'foo', 'bar' ] ] [ [ 'foo', 'bar' ] ]
{ version: 1 } { version: 1 }
{ version: 2 } { foo: 'bar' } { version: 2 } { foo: 'bar' }
undefined { foo: 'bar' } undefined { foo: 'bar' }