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A simple unix/linux daemon in Python

A simple unix/linux daemon in Python

Source: http://www.jejik.com/articles/2007/02/a_simple_unix_linux_daemon_in_python/

Access: http://web.archive.org/web/20131025230048/http://www.jejik.com/articles/2007/02/a_simple_unix_linux_daemon_in_python/

by Sander Marechal

I've written a simple Python class for creating daemons on unix/linux systems. It was pieced together for various other examples, mostly corrections to various Python Cookbook articles and a couple of examples posted to the Python mailing lists. It has support for a pidfile to keep track of the process. I hope it's useful to someone.

Below is the Daemon class. To use it, simply subclass it and implement the run() method.

Update 2009-05-31: An anonymous contributor has written a version of the Daemon class suitable for Python 3.x. Download the Python 3.x version here. The code below is for Python 2.x

#!/usr/bin/env python
 
import sys, os, time, atexit
from signal import SIGTERM
 
class Daemon:
        """
        A generic daemon class.
       
        Usage: subclass the Daemon class and override the run() method
        """
        def __init__(self, pidfile, stdin='/dev/null', stdout='/dev/null', stderr='/dev/null'):
                self.stdin = stdin
                self.stdout = stdout
                self.stderr = stderr
                self.pidfile = pidfile
       
        def daemonize(self):
                """
                do the UNIX double-fork magic, see Stevens' "Advanced
                Programming in the UNIX Environment" for details (ISBN 0201563177)
                http://www.erlenstar.demon.co.uk/unix/faq_2.html#SEC16
                """
                try:
                        pid = os.fork()
                        if pid > 0:
                                # exit first parent
                                sys.exit(0)
                except OSError, e:
                        sys.stderr.write("fork #1 failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror))
                        sys.exit(1)
       
                # decouple from parent environment
                os.chdir("/")
                os.setsid()
                os.umask(0)
       
                # do second fork
                try:
                        pid = os.fork()
                        if pid > 0:
                                # exit from second parent
                                sys.exit(0)
                except OSError, e:
                        sys.stderr.write("fork #2 failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror))
                        sys.exit(1)
       
                # redirect standard file descriptors
                sys.stdout.flush()
                sys.stderr.flush()
                si = file(self.stdin, 'r')
                so = file(self.stdout, 'a+')
                se = file(self.stderr, 'a+', 0)
                os.dup2(si.fileno(), sys.stdin.fileno())
                os.dup2(so.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
                os.dup2(se.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())
       
                # write pidfile
                atexit.register(self.delpid)
                pid = str(os.getpid())
                file(self.pidfile,'w+').write("%s\n" % pid)
       
        def delpid(self):
                os.remove(self.pidfile)
 
        def start(self):
                """
                Start the daemon
                """
                # Check for a pidfile to see if the daemon already runs
                try:
                        pf = file(self.pidfile,'r')
                        pid = int(pf.read().strip())
                        pf.close()
                except IOError:
                        pid = None
       
                if pid:
                        message = "pidfile %s already exist. Daemon already running?\n"
                        sys.stderr.write(message % self.pidfile)
                        sys.exit(1)
               
                # Start the daemon
                self.daemonize()
                self.run()
 
        def stop(self):
                """
                Stop the daemon
                """
                # Get the pid from the pidfile
                try:
                        pf = file(self.pidfile,'r')
                        pid = int(pf.read().strip())
                        pf.close()
                except IOError:
                        pid = None
       
                if not pid:
                        message = "pidfile %s does not exist. Daemon not running?\n"
                        sys.stderr.write(message % self.pidfile)
                        return # not an error in a restart
 
                # Try killing the daemon process       
                try:
                        while 1:
                                os.kill(pid, SIGTERM)
                                time.sleep(0.1)
                except OSError, err:
                        err = str(err)
                        if err.find("No such process") > 0:
                                if os.path.exists(self.pidfile):
                                        os.remove(self.pidfile)
                        else:
                                print str(err)
                                sys.exit(1)
 
        def restart(self):
                """
                Restart the daemon
                """
                self.stop()
                self.start()
 
        def run(self):
                """
                You should override this method when you subclass Daemon. It will be called after the process has been
                daemonized by start() or restart().
                """

And here is an example implementation. It implements the daemon as well as it's controlling client. Simply invoke this script with start, stop or restart as it's first argument. Download this file.

#!/usr/bin/env python
 
import sys, time
from daemon import Daemon
 
class MyDaemon(Daemon):
        def run(self):
                while True:
                        time.sleep(1)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
        daemon = MyDaemon('/tmp/daemon-example.pid')
        if len(sys.argv) == 2:
                if 'start' == sys.argv[1]:
                        daemon.start()
                elif 'stop' == sys.argv[1]:
                        daemon.stop()
                elif 'restart' == sys.argv[1]:
                        daemon.restart()
                else:
                        print "Unknown command"
                        sys.exit(2)
                sys.exit(0)
        else:
                print "usage: %s start|stop|restart" % sys.argv[0]
                sys.exit(2)

That's it! I hope this is of some use to someone. Happy coding!

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

Posted on 2007-02-02@09:09

"""Generic linux daemon base class for python 3.x."""
import sys, os, time, atexit, signal
class daemon:
"""A generic daemon class.
Usage: subclass the daemon class and override the run() method."""
def __init__(self, pidfile): self.pidfile = pidfile
def daemonize(self):
"""Deamonize class. UNIX double fork mechanism."""
try:
pid = os.fork()
if pid > 0:
# exit first parent
sys.exit(0)
except OSError as err:
sys.stderr.write('fork #1 failed: {0}\n'.format(err))
sys.exit(1)
# decouple from parent environment
os.chdir('/')
os.setsid()
os.umask(0)
# do second fork
try:
pid = os.fork()
if pid > 0:
# exit from second parent
sys.exit(0)
except OSError as err:
sys.stderr.write('fork #2 failed: {0}\n'.format(err))
sys.exit(1)
# redirect standard file descriptors
sys.stdout.flush()
sys.stderr.flush()
si = open(os.devnull, 'r')
so = open(os.devnull, 'a+')
se = open(os.devnull, 'a+')
os.dup2(si.fileno(), sys.stdin.fileno())
os.dup2(so.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
os.dup2(se.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())
# write pidfile
atexit.register(self.delpid)
pid = str(os.getpid())
with open(self.pidfile,'w+') as f:
f.write(pid + '\n')
def delpid(self):
os.remove(self.pidfile)
def start(self):
"""Start the daemon."""
# Check for a pidfile to see if the daemon already runs
try:
with open(self.pidfile,'r') as pf:
pid = int(pf.read().strip())
except IOError:
pid = None
if pid:
message = "pidfile {0} already exist. " + \
"Daemon already running?\n"
sys.stderr.write(message.format(self.pidfile))
sys.exit(1)
# Start the daemon
self.daemonize()
self.run()
def stop(self):
"""Stop the daemon."""
# Get the pid from the pidfile
try:
with open(self.pidfile,'r') as pf:
pid = int(pf.read().strip())
except IOError:
pid = None
if not pid:
message = "pidfile {0} does not exist. " + \
"Daemon not running?\n"
sys.stderr.write(message.format(self.pidfile))
return # not an error in a restart
# Try killing the daemon process
try:
while 1:
os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
time.sleep(0.1)
except OSError as err:
e = str(err.args)
if e.find("No such process") > 0:
if os.path.exists(self.pidfile):
os.remove(self.pidfile)
else:
print (str(err.args))
sys.exit(1)
def restart(self):
"""Restart the daemon."""
self.stop()
self.start()
def run(self):
"""You should override this method when you subclass Daemon.
It will be called after the process has been daemonized by
start() or restart()."""
'''
***
Modified generic daemon class
***
Author: http://www.jejik.com/articles/2007/02/
a_simple_unix_linux_daemon_in_python/www.boxedice.com
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes: 23rd Jan 2009 (David Mytton <david@boxedice.com>)
- Replaced hard coded '/dev/null in __init__ with os.devnull
- Added OS check to conditionally remove code that doesn't
work on OS X
- Added output to console on completion
- Tidied up formatting
11th Mar 2009 (David Mytton <david@boxedice.com>)
- Fixed problem with daemon exiting on Python 2.4
(before SystemExit was part of the Exception base)
13th Aug 2010 (David Mytton <david@boxedice.com>
- Fixed unhandled exception if PID file is empty
'''
# Core modules
import atexit
import os
import sys
import time
import signal
class Daemon(object):
"""
A generic daemon class.
Usage: subclass the Daemon class and override the run() method
"""
def __init__(self, pidfile, stdin=os.devnull,
stdout=os.devnull, stderr=os.devnull,
home_dir='.', umask=022, verbose=1, use_gevent=False):
self.stdin = stdin
self.stdout = stdout
self.stderr = stderr
self.pidfile = pidfile
self.home_dir = home_dir
self.verbose = verbose
self.umask = umask
self.daemon_alive = True
self.use_gevent = use_gevent
def daemonize(self):
"""
Do the UNIX double-fork magic, see Stevens' "Advanced
Programming in the UNIX Environment" for details (ISBN 0201563177)
http://www.erlenstar.demon.co.uk/unix/faq_2.html#SEC16
"""
try:
pid = os.fork()
if pid > 0:
# Exit first parent
sys.exit(0)
except OSError, e:
sys.stderr.write(
"fork #1 failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror))
sys.exit(1)
# Decouple from parent environment
os.chdir(self.home_dir)
os.setsid()
os.umask(self.umask)
# Do second fork
try:
pid = os.fork()
if pid > 0:
# Exit from second parent
sys.exit(0)
except OSError, e:
sys.stderr.write(
"fork #2 failed: %d (%s)\n" % (e.errno, e.strerror))
sys.exit(1)
if sys.platform != 'darwin': # This block breaks on OS X
# Redirect standard file descriptors
sys.stdout.flush()
sys.stderr.flush()
si = file(self.stdin, 'r')
so = file(self.stdout, 'a+')
if self.stderr:
se = file(self.stderr, 'a+', 0)
else:
se = so
os.dup2(si.fileno(), sys.stdin.fileno())
os.dup2(so.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
os.dup2(se.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())
def sigtermhandler(signum, frame):
self.daemon_alive = False
sys.exit()
if self.use_gevent:
import gevent
gevent.reinit()
gevent.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sigtermhandler, signal.SIGTERM, None)
gevent.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigtermhandler, signal.SIGINT, None)
else:
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, sigtermhandler)
signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, sigtermhandler)
if self.verbose >= 1:
print "wyProxy daemon started successfully "
# Write pidfile
atexit.register(
self.delpid) # Make sure pid file is removed if we quit
pid = str(os.getpid())
file(self.pidfile, 'w+').write("%s\n" % pid)
def delpid(self):
os.remove(self.pidfile)
def start(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Start the daemon
"""
if self.verbose >= 1:
print "wyproxy daemon starting..."
# Check for a pidfile to see if the daemon already runs
try:
pf = file(self.pidfile, 'r')
pid = int(pf.read().strip())
pf.close()
except IOError:
pid = None
except SystemExit:
pid = None
if pid:
message = "pidfile %s already exists. Is it already running?\n"
sys.stderr.write(message % self.pidfile)
sys.exit(1)
# Start the daemon
self.daemonize()
self.run(*args, **kwargs)
def stop(self):
"""
Stop the daemon
"""
if self.verbose >= 1:
print "wyproxy daemon stopping..."
# Get the pid from the pidfile
pid = self.get_pid()
if not pid:
message = "pidfile %s does not exist. Not running?\n"
sys.stderr.write(message % self.pidfile)
# Just to be sure. A ValueError might occur if the PID file is
# empty but does actually exist
if os.path.exists(self.pidfile):
os.remove(self.pidfile)
return # Not an error in a restart
# Try killing the daemon process
try:
i = 0
while 1:
os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
time.sleep(0.1)
i = i + 1
if i % 10 == 0:
os.kill(pid, signal.SIGHUP)
except OSError, err:
err = str(err)
if err.find("No such process") > 0:
if os.path.exists(self.pidfile):
os.remove(self.pidfile)
else:
print str(err)
sys.exit(1)
if self.verbose >= 1:
print "wyproxy daemon stopped successfully"
def restart(self):
"""
Restart the daemon
"""
self.stop()
self.start()
def get_pid(self):
try:
pf = file(self.pidfile, 'r')
pid = int(pf.read().strip())
pf.close()
except IOError:
pid = None
except SystemExit:
pid = None
return pid
def is_running(self):
pid = self.get_pid()
if pid is None:
print 'Process is stopped'
elif os.path.exists('/proc/%d' % pid):
print 'Process (pid %d) is running...' % pid
else:
print 'Process (pid %d) is killed' % pid
return pid and os.path.exists('/proc/%d' % pid)
def run(self):
"""
You should override this method when you subclass Daemon.
It will be called after the process has been
daemonized by start() or restart().
"""
raise NotImplementedError
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