Create Linux Cloud Image on Hyper-v use Powershell

vm-build.ps1

#Requires -RunAsAdministrator
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
    [Alias('Path')]
    [string]$WorkPath,

    [ValidateScript({
            $existingVm = Get-VM -Name $_ -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            if (-not $existingVm) {
                return $True
            }
            throw "There is already a VM named '$VMName' in this server."
        })]

    [Alias('Name')]
    [string]$VMName,

    [Alias('Password')]
    [string]$RootPassword = 'root',

    [Alias('Rsa')]
    [string]$RootPublicKey,

    [Alias('Switch')]
    [string]$SwitchName,

    [Alias('Cpu')]
    [int]$ProcessorCount = 2,

    [Alias('Memory')]
    [int64]$MemoryStartupBytes = 4GB,

    [Alias('Disk')]
    [uint64]$DiskSizeBytes = 40GB,

    # Extracted oscdimg From ADK https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/get-started/adk-install
    [string]$OscdImgURL = 'https://github.com/hydrz/oscdimg/raw/main/oscdimg-amd64.zip',

    # Download qemu-img from here: http://www.cloudbase.it/qemu-img-windows/
    [string]$QemuImgURL = 'https://cloudbase.it/downloads/qemu-img-win-x64-2_3_0.zip',

    [Alias('Image')]
    [string]$DownloadImageURL = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-cloud-images/jammy/current/jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64.img",

    # Custom cloud-init config file path
    [string]$CloudInit
)

if (-not $WorkPath) {
    $WorkPath = Read-Host -Prompt 'WorkPath (default: current directory)'
    if (-not $WorkPath) {
        $WorkPath = $PWD
    }
}

if (-not $VMName) {
    $VMName = Read-Host -Prompt 'VMName (required)'
    if (-not $VMName) {
        throw 'VMName is required.'
    }
}

if (-not $RootPublicKey) {
    if (Test-Path -Path "$($env:USERPROFILE)\.ssh\id_rsa.pub") {
        $RootPublicKey = Get-Content -Path "$($env:USERPROFILE)\.ssh\id_rsa.pub"
    }
}

if (-not $SwitchName) {
    # Get all virtual switches with number
    $switches = Get-VMSwitch | Select-Object -Property Name, SwitchType, NetAdapterInterfaceDescription
    $switches | ForEach-Object {
        $_ | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'Number' -Value ($switches.IndexOf($_) + 1)
    }
    $switches | Format-Table -AutoSize
    $SwitchName = Read-Host -Prompt 'SwitchName (default: 1)'
    if (-not $SwitchName) {
        $SwitchName = $switches[0].Name
    }
    else {
        $SwitchName = $switches[$SwitchName - 1].Name
    }
}

# Set working directories
$vmDir = "$WorkPath\vms"
$toolsDir = "$WorkPath\tools"
$cacheDir = "$WorkPath\cache"

# Check Paths
if (!(Test-Path $WorkPath)) { mkdir $WorkPath }
if (!(Test-Path $vmDir)) { mkdir $vmDir }
if (!(Test-Path $toolsDir)) { mkdir $toolsDir }
if (!(Test-Path $cacheDir)) { mkdir $cacheDir }

# Download oscdimg
$oscdImgPath = "$toolsDir\oscdimg\oscdimg.exe"
if (!(Test-Path $oscdImgPath)) {
    Write-Host "Downloading oscdimg from $OscdImgURL"
    $oscdImgZip = "$cacheDir\oscdimg.zip"
    Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $OscdImgURL -OutFile $oscdImgZip
    Expand-Archive -Path $oscdImgZip -DestinationPath $toolsDir\oscdimg
}

# Download qemu-img
$qemuImgPath = "$toolsDir\qemu\qemu-img.exe"
if (!(Test-Path $qemuImgPath)) {
    Write-Host "Downloading qemu-img..."
    $qemuImgZipPath = "$cacheDir\qemu.zip"
    Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $QemuImgURL -OutFile $qemuImgZipPath
    Expand-Archive -Path $qemuImgZipPath -DestinationPath $toolsDir\qemu
    Remove-Item -Path $qemuImgZipPath
}

# Download the Ubuntu image
$fileName = $DownloadImageURL.Split("/")[-1].Split(".")[0]
$imagePath = "$cacheDir\$fileName.img"
if (!(Test-Path $cacheDir)) { mkdir $cacheDir }
if (!(Test-Path $imagePath)) { 
    Write-Host "Downloading image from $DownloadImageURL"
    Invoke-WebRequest $DownloadImageURL -UseBasicParsing -OutFile $imagePath
}

# Delete the old VM
if ((Get-VM | Where-Object name -eq $VMName).Count -gt 0) { Stop-VM $VMName -TurnOff -Confirm:$false -Passthru | Remove-VM -Force }

$vmPath = "$($vmDir)\$($VMName)"

if (Test-Path $vmPath) { Remove-Item $vmPath -Recurse -Force }
mkdir $vmPath

# Create the seed ISO
$metaData = @"
instance-id: $($VMName)
local-hostname: $($VMName)
"@

$userData = @"
#cloud-config
{}
"@

# get the cloud-init config and replace unix line endings with windows line endings
if ($CloudInit) {
    $userData = (Get-Content -Path $CloudInit -Raw) -replace "`r`n", "`r"
}

$vendorData = @"
#cloud-config
users:
  - name: root
    ssh_pwauth: False
    ssh_authorized_keys:
      - $($RootPublicKey)
chpasswd:
  list: |
    root:$($RootPassword)
  expire: False
timezone: Asia/Shanghai
apt:
  primary:
    - arches: [default]
      uri: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/
"@

mkdir "$vmPath\seed"
Set-Content "$vmPath\seed\meta-data" ([byte[]][char[]] "$metaData") -Encoding Byte
Set-Content "$vmPath\seed\user-data" ([byte[]][char[]] "$userData") -Encoding Byte
Set-Content "$vmPath\seed\vendor-data" ([byte[]][char[]] "$vendorData") -Encoding Byte

$seedISO = "$vmPath\seed.iso"
& $oscdImgPath $vmPath\seed $seedISO -j2 -lcidata
Remove-Item "$vmPath\seed" -Recurse -Force

# Convert cloud image to VHDX
$vhdx = "$($vmPath)\$($fileName).vhdx"

& $qemuImgPath convert -f qcow2  $imagePath -O vhdx -o subformat=dynamic $vhdx
Resize-VHD -Path $vhdx -SizeBytes $DiskSizeBytes

# Create the VM
New-VM -Name $VMName -Generation 1 -MemoryStartupBytes $MemoryStartupBytes -SwitchName $SwitchName -VHDPath $vhdx
Set-VM -Name $VMName -ProcessorCount $ProcessorCount
Set-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMName -Path $seedISO
Set-VM -Name $VMName -AutomaticStartAction StartIfRunning -AutomaticStopAction TurnOff
# Generate the MAC address
$vmMacAddress = "88:88:88:" + ((0..2 | ForEach-Object { (Get-Random -Minimum 1 -Maximum 255).ToString("X2") }) -join ':')
Set-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName $VMName -StaticMacAddress $vmMacAddress
Start-VM $VMName

Run from gist

iex "& { $(iwr https://gist.githubusercontent.com/hydrz/0097affe6f5a93fd0fa6f06551c61204/raw/vm-build.ps1) }"

Or download then run

./vm-build.ps1 -WorkPath e:/k8s -VMName k8s-master-1 -Cpu 2 -Memory 4GB -Disk 40GB -Switch External