linear_regressor.py

linear_regressor.py

def train_model(
    learning_rate,
    steps,
    batch_size,
    training_examples,
    training_targets,
    validation_examples,
    validation_targets):
  """Trains a linear regression model of multiple features.
  
  In addition to training, this function also prints training progress information,
  as well as a plot of the training and validation loss over time.
  
  Args:
    learning_rate: A `float`, the learning rate.
    steps: A non-zero `int`, the total number of training steps. A training step
      consists of a forward and backward pass using a single batch.
    batch_size: A non-zero `int`, the batch size.
    training_examples: A `DataFrame` containing one or more columns from
      `california_housing_dataframe` to use as input features for training.
    training_targets: A `DataFrame` containing exactly one column from
      `california_housing_dataframe` to use as target for training.
    validation_examples: A `DataFrame` containing one or more columns from
      `california_housing_dataframe` to use as input features for validation.
    validation_targets: A `DataFrame` containing exactly one column from
      `california_housing_dataframe` to use as target for validation.
      
  Returns:
    A `LinearRegressor` object trained on the training data.
  """

  periods = 10
  steps_per_period = steps / periods
  
  # Create a linear regressor object.
  my_optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate)
  
  #Utilize gradient clipping to avoid vanishing or exploding gradients
  my_optimizer = tf.contrib.estimator.clip_gradients_by_norm(my_optimizer, 5.0)
  
  #Apply the linear regressor to the dataset
  linear_regressor = tf.estimator.LinearRegressor(
      feature_columns=construct_feature_columns(training_examples),
      optimizer=my_optimizer
  )
  
  # Create input functions.
  training_input_fn = lambda: my_input_fn(
      training_examples, 
      training_targets["median_house_value"], 
      batch_size=batch_size)
  predict_training_input_fn = lambda: my_input_fn(
      training_examples, 
      training_targets["median_house_value"], 
      num_epochs=1, 
      shuffle=False)
  predict_validation_input_fn = lambda: my_input_fn(
      validation_examples, validation_targets["median_house_value"], 
      num_epochs=1, 
      shuffle=False)

  # Train the model, but do so inside a loop so that we can periodically assess
  # loss metrics.
  print "Training model..."
  print "RMSE (on training data):"
  training_rmse = []
  validation_rmse = []
  for period in range (0, periods):
    # Train the model, starting from the prior state.
    linear_regressor.train(
        input_fn=training_input_fn,
        steps=steps_per_period,
    )
    # Take a break and compute predictions.
    training_predictions = linear_regressor.predict(input_fn=predict_training_input_fn)
    training_predictions = np.array([item['predictions'][0] for item in training_predictions])
    
    validation_predictions = linear_regressor.predict(input_fn=predict_validation_input_fn)
    validation_predictions = np.array([item['predictions'][0] for item in validation_predictions])
    
    
    # Compute training and validation loss.
    training_root_mean_squared_error = math.sqrt(
        metrics.mean_squared_error(training_predictions, training_targets))
    validation_root_mean_squared_error = math.sqrt(
        metrics.mean_squared_error(validation_predictions, validation_targets))
    # Occasionally print the current loss.
    print "  period %02d : %0.2f" % (period, training_root_mean_squared_error)
    # Add the loss metrics from this period to our list.
    training_rmse.append(training_root_mean_squared_error)
    validation_rmse.append(validation_root_mean_squared_error)
  print "Model training finished."

  # Output a graph of loss metrics over periods.
  plt.ylabel("RMSE")
  plt.xlabel("Periods")
  plt.title("Root Mean Squared Error vs. Periods")
  plt.tight_layout()
  plt.plot(training_rmse, label="training")
  plt.plot(validation_rmse, label="validation")
  plt.legend()

  return linear_regressor