iani/arch_linux_install_macmini210706.org

## arch_linux_install_macmini210706.org

      
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              arch_linux_install_macmini210706.org
            
          
    Link for downloading image

http://mirrors.evowise.com/archlinux/iso/2021.07.01/
Select archlinux-2021.07.01-x86_64.iso
  This image is 778 M
Installing arch linux on macmini -  1 Jun 2021 03:29 github instructions

Partitioning hd for linux (useful?????)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYbGyHvx7EQ
Install Arch Linux with UEFI (Mac) SUCCESSFUL   2 Jun 2021 16:13 !!!

https://www.itzgeek.com/how-tos/linux/arch-linux/install-arch-linux-2021.html#UEFI
Install Arch Linux on Mac mini - only works for creating USB live and booting

https://gist.github.com/andrsd/cbc85a27f33c77951dff39b2748f23c4
We will be creating dual boot for OS X and Linux with no special boot
  loader. For other setup, refer to [1]. We will keep all data on an
  external hard drive, so we do not need huge amount of space for the
  linux system. We will install from an USB thumb drive (will need at
  least 1GB in size), newer Minis do not have CD roms.
Prepare the disk in Mac OS X (El Capitan)


  Open Disk Utility and select the disk (not partition), click
    Partition (top tool bar)
  There are at least 3 partitions: EFI, OS X, Recovery. Only OS
    X will be shown.
  Repartition your disk as follows:
    
      OS X (size: ~ tens of GB, type HFS+, for OS X)
      Arch tmp (size: ~ 10 GB, FAT, will be removed later)
    
  
Create LiveUSB that we will boot from


  Download the .iso from
    download page
  Open Terminal
  $ diskutil list and find out its name (let’s say it is /dev/disk2)
  $ diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk2 to unmount the drive
  # dd if=/path/to/arch-linux-image.iso of=/dev/rdisk2 bs=1m (we
    replaced disk with rdisk which is the “raw” disk in OS X and a lot
    faster, it is not a typo)
  $ diskutil eject /dev/disk2

Boot from LiveUSB


  Hold Alt while booting
  Select the USB disk
  Welcome to Arch Linux installer ;-)

Installation


  Connect to network
    
      $ wifi-menu to setup wireless networking (assuming DHCP is
        available)
    
  
  Setup time
    
      $ timedatectl set-ntp true
      Check its status $ timedatectl status
    
  
  Partition the drive again ;-)
    
      # cgdisk
      Remove the Arch tmp partition we created earlier.
      Remember to create 128 MB gap after OS X partitions, by typing
        +128M for the start of the partition.
      Add new Arch boot partition (~ 100 MB)
      Add new Arch root partition (fill the space)
      Swap file can be created later if needed
    
  
  Create file systems
    
      # mkfs.ext2 /dev/<arch boot>
      # mkfs.ext4 /dev/<arch root>
    
  
  Mount the partitions
    
      # mount /dev/<arch root> /mnt
      # mkdir /mnt/boot
      # mount /dev/<arch boot> /mnt/boot
    
  
  Edit mirror list
    
      # vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist it will be used pac the next step,
        so take good care of it here
    
  
  Install the base packages
    
      # pacstrap /mnt base
    
  
  Configure the system
    
      # genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
      # arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash
      # echo <computer name> > /etc/hostname
      # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/<zone>/<subzone> /etc/localtime
      # nano /etc/locale.gen uncomment locales you want
      # locale-gen
      # echo LANG=<your_locale> > /etc/locale.conf
      TODO: setup wireless networking
      # mkinitcpio -p linux
      # passwd
      # pacman -S gptfdisk
    
  
Boot loader


  # mkdir /boot/efi
  # mount /dev/<EFI partition>
  # pacman -S grub efibootmgr
  # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=arch
  # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Reboot


  # exit or Ctrl + D
  # umount -R /mnt
  # reboot

Bluetooth


  Install bluez bluez-libs bluez-utils
  udev rule in /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local.rules:
    # Set bluetooth power up
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="hci0", RUN+="/usr/bin/hciconfig hci0 up"
    
  
WiFi
Let’s assume wlan is out interface for this setup.

  Install
    b43-firmware
    from AUR
  pacman -S wpa_supplicant
  # vim /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan.conf
    ctrl_interface=/run/wpa_supplicant
update_config=1
    
  
  # wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan.conf
  # wpa_cli
    > scan
> scan_results
> add_network
> set_network 0 ssid "MYSSID"
> set_network 0 psk "passphrase"
> enable_network 0
> save_config
    
  
  Or instead of wpa_cli, do
    wpa_passphrase MYSSID passphrase > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant-wlan.conf
  # dhcpcd wlan

Use systemd to start the service:

  # ln -s /usr/share/dhcpcd/hooks/10-wpa_supplicant /usr/lib/dhcpcd/dhcpcd-hooks/
  # systemctl enable dhcpcd@wlan

References


  [1] https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/MacBook
  [2] https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/USB_flash_installation_media
  [3] https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installation_guide
  [4] http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/7468.html
  [5] https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Broadcom_wireless

Network access

enable internet access via ethernet on freshly installed arch

Find your ethernet network interface

List network interfaces with their status: ip link
Don’t know exactly what this does: networkctl list
install and enable networkd and resolved

To connect to the internet you need to start 2 systemctl services. These are: networkd and resolved.
networkd is a service that connects the network hardware devices on your computer (wifi, ethernet) to the internet.
  resolved is a service that resolves names to find their ip addresses. Example: When you type ping google.com it resolves the name google.com to the address 8.8.8.8 or the latest address corresponding to google.com.
For each of these services, you also need to create a configuration file which the service uses to configure how it runs.
Next we show in detail how to create the 2 files and start the 2 services.
Enabling networkd

Create config file in: /etc/systemd/network/20-wired.network

Create a file at exactly this path:
/etc/systemd/network/20-wired.network
Fill it with exactly these contents
[Match]
Name=enp4s0f0

[Network]
DHCP=ipv4
DNS=195.130.124.68
DNS=195.130.124.78
DNS=8.8.8.8

This gives the DNS servers used to resolve names.
Enable netrworkd

systemctl enable systemd-networkd

enabling resolved

make /etc/resolv.conf available

resolved uses /etc/resolv.conf to configure the servers which it will use to resolve addresses from names.
On a freshly installed arch linux, you must first link the stub file created by the install to the location where resolvd expects to use it:
ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

You may check that the link worked:
ls -l /etc7resolv.con
Note: Manjaro vs arch versions of resolv.conf
  Manjaro arch linux creates the resolv.conf file using NetworkManager.  So you will find it directly in its desired location, with contents like this:
  # Generated by NetworkManager
search forthnet.lan
nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 2a02:858::8888
nameserver 2a02:858::8844
  
  Fresh install of plain arch linux creates a stub-resolv.conf in
    /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf and writes in the comments
  
  
  The contents are:
  There is more info about resolv.conf in Wikipedia:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolv.conf
  Excerpt:
  
    resolv.conf is the name of a computer file used in various operating systems to configure the system’s Domain Name System (DNS) resolver. The file is a plain-text file usually created by the network administrator or by applications that manage the configuration tasks of the system. The resolvconf program is one such program on FreeBSD or other Unix machines which manages the resolv.conf file.
  
Enable resolved

After the file has been created, you may enable the resolved sevice like this:
systemctl enable systemd-resolved