Why Python is so slow

test.c

#include <math.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define TYPE_INT	42
#define TYPE_DOUBLE	73

struct value
{
	int type;
	int refcount;
};

struct num_int
{
	struct value header;
	int value;
};

struct num_double
{
	struct value header;
	double value;
};

void get(struct value* value)
{
	value->refcount++;
}

void put(struct value* value)
{
	value->refcount--;

	if (value->refcount == 0)
		free(value);
}

struct value* alloc_int(int value)
{
	struct num_int *result;

	result = malloc(sizeof(*result));
	result->header.type = TYPE_INT;
	result->header.refcount = 1;
	result->value = value;

	return &result->header;
}

struct value* alloc_double(double value)
{
	struct num_double *result = NULL;

	result = malloc(sizeof(*result));
	result->header.type = TYPE_DOUBLE;
	result->header.refcount = 1;
	result->value = value;

	return &result->header;
}

struct value* int_to_double(struct value *value)
{
	struct value *result = NULL;

	get(value);

	if (value->type != TYPE_INT)
		return NULL;

	result = alloc_double(((struct num_int*) value)->value);

	put(value);

	return result;
}

struct value* sine(struct value *value)
{
	struct value *result = NULL;

	get(value);

	if (value->type != TYPE_DOUBLE)
		return NULL;

	result = alloc_double(sin(((struct num_double*) value)->value));

	put(value);

	return result;
}

struct value* add(struct value *value1, struct value *value2)
{
	struct value *result = NULL;

	get(value1);
	get(value2);

	if (value1->type == TYPE_DOUBLE && value2->type == TYPE_DOUBLE)
	{
		result = alloc_double(((struct num_double*) value1)->value + ((struct num_double*) value2)->value);
	}

	put(value1);
	put(value2);

	return result;
}

void inc(struct value *value)
{
	get(value);

	if (value->type == TYPE_INT)
	{
		((struct num_int*) value)->value++;
	}

	put(value);
}

bool le(struct value *value1, struct value *value2)
{
	bool result = false;

	get(value1);
	get(value2);

	if (value1->type == TYPE_INT && value2->type == TYPE_INT)
	{
		result = ((struct num_int*) value1)->value < ((struct num_int*) value2)->value;
	}

	put(value1);
	put(value2);

	return result;
}

void print(struct value *value)
{
	get(value);

	if (value->type == TYPE_DOUBLE)
	{
		printf("%lf\n", ((struct num_double*) value)->value);
	}

	put(value);
}

struct value *lim;
struct value *one;

struct value* test()
{
	struct value *i;
	struct value *sum;
	jmp_buf loop_block;

	i = alloc_int(0);
	sum = alloc_double(0.0);

	while (!setjmp(loop_block))
	{
		struct value *new_sum;
		struct value *i_as_double;
		struct value *sine_result;

		i_as_double = int_to_double(i);
		if (!i_as_double)
		{
			goto error;
		}

		sine_result = sine(i_as_double);
		put(i_as_double);

		if (!sine_result)
		{
			goto error;
		}

		new_sum = add(sum, sine_result);
		put(sine_result);

		if (!new_sum)
		{
			goto error;
		}

		put(sum);
		sum = new_sum;

		inc(i);
		if (!le(i, lim))
		{
			longjmp(loop_block, 1);
		}
	}
	put(i);

	return sum;

error:
	put(sum);
	put(i);
	return NULL;
}

int main()
{
	struct value *result;

	one = alloc_int(1);
	lim = alloc_int(100000000);

	result = test();
	print(result);
	put(result);

	put(lim);
	put(one);
}

test.py

from math import sin

def test():
    sum = 0.0
    for i in xrange(100000000):
        sum += sin(i)
    return sum

print(test())