ilosamart/linux-history.txt

## linux-history.txt
Pré-história:
  Unix:
  1970 - Bell Labs.,  por Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie (os mesmos da linguagem C :)
  1983 - UNIX System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T.

  Microsoft:
  1975, April 4 - Bill Gates & Paul Allen
  1976 - Open Letter to Hobbyists (Bill Gates): (Why is this? As the majority of hobbyists must be aware, most of you steal your software. Hardware must be paid for, but software is something to share. Who cares if the people who worked on it get paid?) http://www.lettersofnote.com/2009/10/most-of-you-steal-your-software.html
  BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800
  Licensed MS-DOS 1.10/1.14 to IBM, who, in August 1981, offered it as PC DOS 1.0 as one of three operating systems[13] for the IBM 5150, or the IBM PC

  BSD:
  1977 - Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) or Berkeley Unix because it shared the same source code with AT&T Research Unix

  Unix Philosofy:
  1978 - :)
      Write programs that do one thing and do it well.
      Write programs to work together.
      Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface.

  GNU (free operating system):
  1983, 1984 - GNU (GNU is Not Unix) - Stallman (AT&T)

  POSIX:
  1988 - IEEE, especificação

História:

  Linux (kernel):
  1991 - Universidade de Helsinki - Finlândia, projeto pessoal de Linus Torvalds (tem duas datas de aniversário ;)
  1991, Aug, 25 -  Linus Torvalds sent out his fateful message asking for help with a new operating system (https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/comp.os.minix/dlNtH7RRrGA/SwRavCzVE7gJ)
  1991, October 5th (prefiro essa) - Torvalds sent a posting to the comp.os.minix newsgroup announcing the release of Version 0.02 (https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/comp.os.minix/4995SivOl9o/GwqLJlPSlCEJ)
  1992 - Torvalds / Tanenbaum debate - Micro vs Monolithic Kernel (https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups=#!topic/comp.os.minix/wlhw16QWltI%5B1-25%5D)
  1992, version 0.99 using the GNU GPLv2

  Nomenclatura:
  Freex, Linux - Linus achou muito 'narcisita' Linux, mas o administrador do FTP da universidade nomeou assim e assim ficou :)

  GNU/Linux (userspace/kernel):
  1993 - oldest and still active distribution projects started (Debian and Slackware)
  * what is a distribution?
  * main distributions (and its family tree)?
   - Debian (apt/dpkg - DEB)
    - Ubuntu
    - Knoppix (um dos - senão o mais - antigos liveCDs!, versão 1.4 em 2000-09-30)
      - Kurumin (BRAZUKA!)
   - Fedora (yum/dnf/rpm - RPM
    - Red Hat Enterprise
    - CentOS
   - Mandriva (Mandrake + Conectiva - BRAZUKA! - urpmi - RPM)
   - openSuSE
    - SuSE Enterprise
   - Slackware
   - Gentoo (portage)
    - ChromiumOS
      - ChromeOS
   - Arch (pacman)
    - Manjaro
  1994 - Red Hat Linux (not RHEL)
  1996 - there would be a mascot for Linux, a penguin
  1996 - Primeira versão do SuSE Linux
  1996 - Differences Between NT Server and Workstation Are Minimal - (http://archive.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/news/differences_nt.html)
  1998: "If Microsoft ever does applications for Linux it means I've won" - Torvalds, Linus
  1998, July - KDEversion 1.0 released
  1998 - Apache httpd 1.3 (https://marc.info/?l=apache-httpd-announce&m=90221040625561&w=2)
  1999, March - GNOME (por causa da lib QT, utilizada no KDE, que era proprietária)
  1999, August 11 - Red Hat went public
  2001 - Steve Ballmer (Microsoft CEO): "Linux is a cancer"
  2003 - Novell bought the SUSE (then "SuSE") brands and trademarks
  2003, March - for allegedly contributing sections of commercial UNIX code from UNIX System V—which the SCO Group claimed it owned—to the Linux kernel's codebase
  2005 - Git was created by Linus Torvalds for development of the Linux kernel
  2006 (renewed 25 July 2011) - Novell signed an agreement with Microsoft covering improvement of SUSE's ability to interoperate with Microsoft Windows
  2006 - GPLv3; "I don't think the GPL v3 conversion is going to happen for the kernel, since I personally don't want to convert any of my code." - Torvalds, Linus (http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0601.3/0559.html)
  2008 - Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the first commercial Android device launched in September 2008
  2010 - By the fourth quarter of 2010, Android's worldwide share had grown to 33% of the market becoming the top-selling smartphone platform (2 billion monthly active users in May 2017)
  2011 - Launched first retail hardware with ChromeOS
  2011 - Red Hat: 'Yes, we undercut Oracle with hidden Linux patches' (https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/03/04/red_hat_twarts_oracle_and_novell_with_change_to_source_code_packaging/)
  2012 - Red Hat became the first one-billion dollar open source company, reaching US$1.13 billion in annual revenue during its fiscal year.[32] Red Hat passed the $2 billion benchmark in 2015. As of February 2018 the company's annual revenue was nearly $3 billion
  2014 - Satya Nadella (Microsoft CEO): "Microsoft loves Linux" (https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/10/20/microsoft_cloud_event/)
  2016 - Microsoft announces SQL Server on Linux (https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2016/03/07/announcing-sql-server-on-linux/)
  2016 - Following the judge in the case ruling against the last remaining claims, SCO's suit against IBM was dismissed with prejudice to SCO's claims
  2017 - Red Hat on its way to becoming the first billion-dollar-a-quarter open-source company (https://www.zdnet.com/article/red-hat-on-its-way-to-becoming-the-first-billion-dollar-a-quarter-open-source-company/)
  2017 - Microsoft uses GIT! (https://itsfoss.com/microsoft-using-git/)
  2017 - Market share: 66.6% Servers; 100% supercomputers; 28% mainframe; 29.44% embedded; 71.43% Smartphone; 1.93% Desktop

Fatos interessantes:
* Largest software development project on the planet (https://www.cio.com/article/3069529/linux/linux-is-the-largest-software-development-project-on-the-planet-greg-kroah-hartman.html)
  - version 4.5 - over 21 million lines of code
  - over 10,800 lines of code added, 5,300 lines of code removed and over 1,875 lines of code modified. Every. Single. Day. That amounts to over 8 changes per second.
* Cool facts (https://medium.freecodecamp.org/linux-is-25-yay-lets-celebrate-with-25-rad-facts-about-linux-c8d8ac30076d?gi=4dcca0c4e74d)
  - While Linus was serving as in the Finnish military — doing ballistics calculations — he bought a copy of Andrew Tanenbaum’s Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. This book described Minix — a simplified educational version of Unix — and opened Linus’s eyes to the Unix philosophy.
  - Titanic was the first feature film produced on Linux servers.
  - Distros family tree: https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/1*7KP2aqaHVrCgJfF9mhE8hQ.png
	Pré-história:
	Unix:
	1970 - Bell Labs., por Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie (os mesmos da linguagem C :)
	1983 - UNIX System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T.

	Microsoft:
	1975, April 4 - Bill Gates & Paul Allen
	1976 - Open Letter to Hobbyists (Bill Gates): (Why is this? As the majority of hobbyists must be aware, most of you steal your software. Hardware must be paid for, but software is something to share. Who cares if the people who worked on it get paid?) http://www.lettersofnote.com/2009/10/most-of-you-steal-your-software.html
	BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800
	Licensed MS-DOS 1.10/1.14 to IBM, who, in August 1981, offered it as PC DOS 1.0 as one of three operating systems[13] for the IBM 5150, or the IBM PC

	BSD:
	1977 - Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) or Berkeley Unix because it shared the same source code with AT&T Research Unix

	Unix Philosofy:
	1978 - :)
	Write programs that do one thing and do it well.
	Write programs to work together.
	Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface.

	GNU (free operating system):
	1983, 1984 - GNU (GNU is Not Unix) - Stallman (AT&T)

	POSIX:
	1988 - IEEE, especificação

	História:

	Linux (kernel):
	1991 - Universidade de Helsinki - Finlândia, projeto pessoal de Linus Torvalds (tem duas datas de aniversário ;)
	1991, Aug, 25 - Linus Torvalds sent out his fateful message asking for help with a new operating system (https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/comp.os.minix/dlNtH7RRrGA/SwRavCzVE7gJ)
	1991, October 5th (prefiro essa) - Torvalds sent a posting to the comp.os.minix newsgroup announcing the release of Version 0.02 (https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!msg/comp.os.minix/4995SivOl9o/GwqLJlPSlCEJ)
	1992 - Torvalds / Tanenbaum debate - Micro vs Monolithic Kernel (https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups=#!topic/comp.os.minix/wlhw16QWltI%5B1-25%5D)
	1992, version 0.99 using the GNU GPLv2

	Nomenclatura:
	Freex, Linux - Linus achou muito 'narcisita' Linux, mas o administrador do FTP da universidade nomeou assim e assim ficou :)

	GNU/Linux (userspace/kernel):
	1993 - oldest and still active distribution projects started (Debian and Slackware)
	* what is a distribution?
	* main distributions (and its family tree)?
	- Debian (apt/dpkg - DEB)
	- Ubuntu
	- Knoppix (um dos - senão o mais - antigos liveCDs!, versão 1.4 em 2000-09-30)
	- Kurumin (BRAZUKA!)
	- Fedora (yum/dnf/rpm - RPM
	- Red Hat Enterprise
	- CentOS
	- Mandriva (Mandrake + Conectiva - BRAZUKA! - urpmi - RPM)
	- openSuSE
	- SuSE Enterprise
	- Slackware
	- Gentoo (portage)
	- ChromiumOS
	- ChromeOS
	- Arch (pacman)
	- Manjaro
	1994 - Red Hat Linux (not RHEL)
	1996 - there would be a mascot for Linux, a penguin
	1996 - Primeira versão do SuSE Linux
	1996 - Differences Between NT Server and Workstation Are Minimal - (http://archive.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/news/differences_nt.html)
	1998: "If Microsoft ever does applications for Linux it means I've won" - Torvalds, Linus
	1998, July - KDEversion 1.0 released
	1998 - Apache httpd 1.3 (https://marc.info/?l=apache-httpd-announce&m=90221040625561&w=2)
	1999, March - GNOME (por causa da lib QT, utilizada no KDE, que era proprietária)
	1999, August 11 - Red Hat went public
	2001 - Steve Ballmer (Microsoft CEO): "Linux is a cancer"
	2003 - Novell bought the SUSE (then "SuSE") brands and trademarks
	2003, March - for allegedly contributing sections of commercial UNIX code from UNIX System V—which the SCO Group claimed it owned—to the Linux kernel's codebase
	2005 - Git was created by Linus Torvalds for development of the Linux kernel
	2006 (renewed 25 July 2011) - Novell signed an agreement with Microsoft covering improvement of SUSE's ability to interoperate with Microsoft Windows
	2006 - GPLv3; "I don't think the GPL v3 conversion is going to happen for the kernel, since I personally don't want to convert any of my code." - Torvalds, Linus (http://www.ussg.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0601.3/0559.html)
	2008 - Initially developed by Android Inc., which Google bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007, with the first commercial Android device launched in September 2008
	2010 - By the fourth quarter of 2010, Android's worldwide share had grown to 33% of the market becoming the top-selling smartphone platform (2 billion monthly active users in May 2017)
	2011 - Launched first retail hardware with ChromeOS
	2011 - Red Hat: 'Yes, we undercut Oracle with hidden Linux patches' (https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/03/04/red_hat_twarts_oracle_and_novell_with_change_to_source_code_packaging/)
	2012 - Red Hat became the first one-billion dollar open source company, reaching US$1.13 billion in annual revenue during its fiscal year.[32] Red Hat passed the $2 billion benchmark in 2015. As of February 2018 the company's annual revenue was nearly $3 billion
	2014 - Satya Nadella (Microsoft CEO): "Microsoft loves Linux" (https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/10/20/microsoft_cloud_event/)
	2016 - Microsoft announces SQL Server on Linux (https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2016/03/07/announcing-sql-server-on-linux/)
	2016 - Following the judge in the case ruling against the last remaining claims, SCO's suit against IBM was dismissed with prejudice to SCO's claims
	2017 - Red Hat on its way to becoming the first billion-dollar-a-quarter open-source company (https://www.zdnet.com/article/red-hat-on-its-way-to-becoming-the-first-billion-dollar-a-quarter-open-source-company/)
	2017 - Microsoft uses GIT! (https://itsfoss.com/microsoft-using-git/)
	2017 - Market share: 66.6% Servers; 100% supercomputers; 28% mainframe; 29.44% embedded; 71.43% Smartphone; 1.93% Desktop

	Fatos interessantes:
	* Largest software development project on the planet (https://www.cio.com/article/3069529/linux/linux-is-the-largest-software-development-project-on-the-planet-greg-kroah-hartman.html)
	- version 4.5 - over 21 million lines of code
	- over 10,800 lines of code added, 5,300 lines of code removed and over 1,875 lines of code modified. Every. Single. Day. That amounts to over 8 changes per second.
	* Cool facts (https://medium.freecodecamp.org/linux-is-25-yay-lets-celebrate-with-25-rad-facts-about-linux-c8d8ac30076d?gi=4dcca0c4e74d)
	- While Linus was serving as in the Finnish military — doing ballistics calculations — he bought a copy of Andrew Tanenbaum’s Operating Systems: Design and Implementation. This book described Minix — a simplified educational version of Unix — and opened Linus’s eyes to the Unix philosophy.
	- Titanic was the first feature film produced on Linux servers.
	- Distros family tree: https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/1*7KP2aqaHVrCgJfF9mhE8hQ.png