The fingerprint identification technique is also termed as “Dactyloscopy” or “Handprint Identification”. A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the “friction ridges” of the human digits (hand and foot). However in a wider sense fingerprints can be the impression of the friction ridges of any part of the human hand or human foot. A friction ridge is basically the raised portion of the epidermis layer of the skin. This epidermis layer is much more ‘groovy’ or developed at those parts of the human body that is meant for holding or for gripping, viz. hands and feet. These ridges or grooves are stimulated by the human nervous system. They are caused by the underlying interface between the dermal papillae of the dermis and the inter-papillary pegs of the epidermis. Since the epidermal layer of the skin is made from the epidermal cells of the body, so obviously, the epidermal ridges of an individual is unique and varies from person to person. These varying epidermal ridges or the grooves are the major tool that distinguishes an individual from another person in the field of fingerprint identification technique. The impressions of fingerprint are the traditional samples used for going into the fingerprint analysis. These impressions are left behind on objects due friction between the epidermal grooves and the surface of the object. The availability of the fingerprints is well questioned in many cases because they are not present in many cases. However, the technique involves very complex programming of matching the images of two fingerprints. There have been several cases when the fingerprints went missing (say for bomb blast). Besides due continuous use of the sensing plates, they get corroded and may give faulty results. This technique is also cost effective.
Compared to that, the idea of using simple light deflection and measuring the values is much simpler and reduces the complexity of the programming portion and the circuit. They can be used for a long time because the sensor module is resistant to corrosion and heating effects. Also the cost of implementation of the project is low and simple too.
The idea of this project was developed from a magazine article. We were struck by an article written there that how detectives use the finger-print identification technique to find out criminals.We wew amazed with the techniques and processes used to identify those fingerpronts.So,we decided to try and find out some other techniques that can be employed to detect and match the fingerprints. So, we throught af making a design that will be very simple to implement and economical too. Then we decided to make light our major tool for distinction of two individuals fingerprints and use the variety of the light reflections to obtain dicrete values. This lead to the progress of our project and come up with new and advanced ideas to develop this technique of ours.
- It can be used for
- Forensic purpose.
- Maintaining attendence registers at large institute.
- security Purpose. which are definitely of large values and useful to the society.
We put the final model of our project into trial for 50 teachers and 200 students and our model was successful in the identification of their fingerprints. A computer was used to store data for all the persons and while matching, it gaves the details of the person if his/her fingerprint was found. If not found then it gave the message "Not Found" and then stored the data at that instance so that it can be detect in future.