PCG-32 implementation in Swift 4

PCG32.swift

/*
 MIT License

 Copyright (c) 2017 Steve Johnson <steve@steveasleep.com>

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

 The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 copies or substantial portions of the Software.

 THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 SOFTWARE.
 */

/*
 * PCG Random Number Generation for Swift.
 *
 * Ported from C: https://github.com/imneme/pcg-c-basic/blob/master/pcg_basic.c
 * For additional information about the PCG random number generation scheme,
 * including its license and other licensing options, visit
 * http://www.pcg-random.org
 */

import Foundation


public class PCG32Generator: Codable {
    var state: UInt64 = 0
    var inc: UInt64

    static var `default`: PCG32Generator = {
        return PCG32Generator(seed: 0x853c49e6748fea9b, seq: 0xda3e39cb94b95bdb)
    }()

    init(seed: UInt64, seq: UInt64) {
        inc = (seq << 1) | 1
        _ = advance()
        state += seed
        _ = advance()
    }

    private func advance() -> UInt32 {
        let oldState = state
        state = oldState &* 6364136223846793005 &+ inc;

        // Calculate output function (XSH RR)
        let xorshifted = UInt32(truncatingIfNeeded: ((oldState >> 18) ^ oldState) >> 27);
        let rot = UInt32(truncatingIfNeeded: oldState >> 59);
        return (xorshifted >> rot) | (xorshifted << UInt32((-Int32(rot)) & 31));
    }

    public func get(upperBound: UInt32) -> UInt32 {
        if upperBound == UInt32.max { return advance() }

        // Original C expression: -upperBound % upperBound
        // But we can't do that in Swift.
        // What `-` actually means on a uint32 in C is "maxValue - value + 1".
        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8026694/c-unary-minus-operator-behavior-with-unsigned-operands
        let threshold = (UInt32.max - upperBound + 1) % upperBound

        // Uniformity guarantees that this loop will terminate.  In practice, it
        // should usually terminate quickly; on average (assuming all bounds are
        // equally likely), 82.25% of the time, we can expect it to require just
        // one iteration.  In the worst case, someone passes a bound of 2^31 + 1
        // (i.e., 2147483649), which invalidates almost 50% of the range.  In
        // practice, bounds are typically small and only a tiny amount of the range
        // is eliminated.
        while true {
            let r = advance()
            if r >= threshold {
                return r % upperBound
            }
        }
    }

    public func choice<T>(_ array: [T]) -> T {
        if array.count < 1 { fatalError("Tried to choose from an array of nothing") }
        let index = self.get(upperBound: UInt32(array.count))
        return array[Int(index)]
    }

    public func shuffleInPlace<T>(_ array: inout [T]) {
        if array.count <= 1 { return }

        for i in 0..<array.count - 1 {
            let j = Int(get(upperBound: UInt32(array.count - i))) + i
            if i == j { continue }
            array.swapAt(i, j)
        }
    }
}