A simple angular service wrapper for $localStorage to make things more understandable and manageable.

storage.service.js

(function () {
  'use strict';
  
  angular.module('storage.service', []);
  angular.module('storage.service')
    .factory('localStorageService', localStorageService);
  
  function localStorageService($localStorage) {
    function retrieve(key) {
      return $localStorage.hasOwnProperty(key) ? $localStorage[key] : {};
    }
    
    function store(key, obj) {
      $localStorage[key] = obj;
    }
    
    return {
      retrieve: retrieve,
      store: store
    };
  }
})();


// Usage

(function () {
  'use strict';
  
  angular.module('your.app', ['storage.service']);
  
  angular.module('your.app')
    .controller('MainController', MainCtrl);
  
  MainCtrl.$inject = ['localStorageService', '$timeout'];
  
  function MainCtrl(localStorageSvc, $timeout) {
    var vm = this;
    
    vm.publishFailureLogs = []
    
    vm.republish = republish;
      
    function republish(republishLogId) {
      var selectedRepublishFailure = vm.republishFailureLogs.filter(function (rfl) { return rfl.id === republishLogId; })[0];
      selectedRepublishFailure.buttonState = 'inactive'; 
      _saveOnGoingRepublish(selectedRepublishFailure); // save it in local storage
      // for next five minutes the button should be inactive
      $timeout(function () { 
        selectedRepublishFailure.buttonState = 'active'; 
        _saveOnGoingRepublish(selectedRepublishFailure); // save it in local storage
      }, 5000);
      _republishFailed(selectedRepublishFailure); // network call
    }
    
    function _saveOnGoingRepublish(republishLog) {
      var timestamp = Date.now().getTime();
      // fetch the already saved all states
      var rootStateDescriptor = localStorageSvc.retrieve('publishLogState');
      // update it with the new info
      rootStateDescriptor[republishLog.id] = {
        timestamp: timestamp,
        log: republishLog
      };
      // re-save the descriptor to keep it persistent
      localStorageSvc.store('publishLogState', rootStateDescriptor);
    }
   
    
    function _init() {
      // do all initilization in a similar block
      // _fetchAllRepublishFailures is a network call and fetches all the publish failure logs
      vm.publishFailureLogs = _syncWithPrevStates(_fetchAllRepublishFailures());
    }
    
    function _syncWithPrevStates(publishFailureLogs) {
      var prevStates = localStorageSvc.retrieve('publishLogState');
      angular.forEach(publishFailureLogs, function (publishFailure) {
        // if any state for this id is saved, fetch it and update the button state
        if (prevStates.hasOwnProperty(publishFailure.id)) {
          var savedState = prevStates[publishFailure.id];
          var currentTime = Date.now().getTime();
          if (currentTime - savedState.timestamp > 5000) {
            // the five minutes wait time is over, set it active irrespective of previous state
            savedState.buttonState = 'active';
          }
          publishFailure.buttonState = savedState.buttonState;
        }
      });
      // prevStates might have updated during the forEach, save it as updated in localstorage
      localStorageSvc.store('publishLogState', prevStates);
      
      return publishFailureLogs;
    }
    
    _init();
  }
})();