The tokio::io::AsyncRead documentation confusingly states:
Poll::Ready(Ok(())) means that data was immediately read and placed into the output buffer. The amount of data read can be determined by the increase in the length of the slice returned by ReadBuf::filled. If the difference is 0, EOF has been reached.
https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/io/trait.AsyncRead.html
The footgun is that when poll_read is called, buf may already be partially filled. In some cases, this happens just a small fraction of the time in production, causing e.g. the last chunk of a file to be poll_read twice.
Setup code: