default.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName test.local;

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/public

    <Directory /var/www/html/public>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks +MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted

        php_value date.timezone "America/Cuiaba"
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

docker-compose.yml

web:
    build: ./docker
    ports:
        - "80:80"
    hostname: test.local
    volumes:
        - .:/var/www/html/
        - ./docker/apache:/etc/apache2/sites-enabled
        - ./docker/xdebug.ini:/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/xdebug.ini
    links:
        - db:db

db:
    image: mysql:5.6
    ports:
        - "3306:3306"
    environment:
        MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: test
        MYSQL_USER: test
        MYSQL_PASSWORD: test
        MYSQL_DATABASE: test

Dockerfile

FROM php:7-apache

RUN buildDeps="libpq-dev libzip-dev libicu-dev" && \
    apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y $buildDeps --no-install-recommends && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
    docker-php-ext-install \
        mysqli \
        pdo_mysql \
        mbstring \
        intl

RUN a2enmod rewrite

RUN pecl install -o -f xdebug \
    && rm -rf /tmp/pear

RUN service apache2 restart

xdebug.ini

zend_extension=xdebug.so
xdebug.remote_enable=1
xdebug.remote_handler=dbgp
xdebug.remote_port=9000
xdebug.remote_autostart=1
xdebug.remote_connect_back=0
xdebug.idekey=docker
xdebug.remote_host=192.168.1.16