Efficient algorithms vs. functions optimized for inlining

demo.js

// Just a quick & dirty demo of why it's still critical to think about efficient _algorithms_
// before thinking about tuning / optimization

var assert = require("assert");

function main() {
	const trialsPerSize = 32;
	var arraySizesToTest = createPowersOfTwoArray(0, 18);	// 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 262144
	var algorithms = {
		sort: {
			description: "built-in Array.prototype.sort function",
			func: sort
		},
		bubbleSort: {
			description: "Simple but inefficient 'bubble sort' algorithm",
			func: bubbleSort
		},
		quickSort: {
			description: "Efficient but relatively complex 'quick sort' algorithm",
			func: quickSort
		}
	};
	var algorithmNames = Object.keys(algorithms);
	var results = [];
	arraySizesToTest.forEach(function(size) {
		console.log("n = " + size);
		// Generate random sample inputs and feed them to each algorithm
		// repeat this multiple times in case there are input sensitivities
		var result = {
			size: size
		};
		for (var trial = 1; trial < trialsPerSize; trial++) (function() {
			var items = generateRandomNumbersArray(size);
			var sortedItems = items.slice().sort(compare);
			algorithmNames.forEach(function(name) {
				var output = time(algorithms[name].func, items.slice());
				assert.deepEqual(output.result, sortedItems,
					name + " algorithm did not produce expected output.\n" + 
					"expected = " + JSON.stringify(sortedItems) + "\n" +
					"actual = " + JSON.stringify(output.result));
				console.log(name + " trial finished in " + output.time + " ms");
				result[name] = result[name] || {};
				result[name].trials = result[name].trials || [];
				result[name].trials.push(output.time);
			});
		}())
		// Compute averages
		algorithmNames.forEach(function(name) {
			var total = result[name].trials.reduce(function(a, b) {
				return a + b;
			})
			result[name].average = total / result[name].trials.length;
		});
		results.push(result);
	});
	printResults(results, ['size'].concat(algorithmNames));
};


function createPowersOfTwoArray(lowestPower, highestPower) {
	var array = [];
	for (var i = lowestPower; i < highestPower; i++)
		array.push(Math.pow(2,i));
	return array;
}


function generateRandomNumbersArray(size) {
	var array = [];
	var value;
	for (var i=0; i < size; i++)
		array.push(Math.random());
	return array;
}


// (Assumes algorithm function is synchronous)
function time(algorithm, input) {
	var startTime = getCurrentTimeInMs();
	var result = algorithm(input);
	var endTime = getCurrentTimeInMs();
	var elapsedTime = endTime - startTime;
	return {
		time: elapsedTime,
		result: result
	};		
}


// http://stackoverflow.com/questions/11725691/how-to-get-a-microtime-in-node-js
// Way more resolution than Date.now()
function getCurrentTimeInMs() {
	var hrTime = process.hrtime()
	return (hrTime[0] * 1000000 + hrTime[1] / 1000) / 1000;
}


function printResults(results, columns) {
	const delimiter = ",";
	console.log(JSON.stringify(results));
	console.log(columns.join(delimiter));
	results.forEach(function(result) {
		var line = "";
		columns.forEach(function(columnName) {
			var field = typeof result[columnName] === "object" ? 
				result[columnName].average : result[columnName];
			line += field + delimiter;
		});
		line = line.substr(0, line.length - delimiter.length);	// chop off trailing delimiter
		console.log(line);
	});
};



// Baseline Array.prototype.sort implementation
// (algorithm unknown but assumed to be reasonable efficient)
function sort(items) {
	return items.sort(compare);
}

function compare(a, b) {
  return (a < b) ?
    -1 : ((a > b) ?
		1 : 0);
}


// http://www.stoimen.com/blog/2010/07/09/friday-algorithms-javascript-bubble-sort/
// Single function / no outside calls, ~374 characters < 600 characters
// Asymptotic runtime sucks though: O(n^3)
function bubbleSort(items) {
    var swapped;
    do {
        swapped = false;
        for (var i=0; i < items.length-1; i++) {
            if (items[i] > items[i+1]) {
                var temp = items[i];
                items[i] = items[i+1];
                items[i+1] = temp;
                swapped = true;
            }
        }
    } while (swapped);
	return items;
}


// http://www.nczonline.net/blog/2012/11/27/computer-science-in-javascript-quicksort/
// Main function makes recursive calls as well as uses 2 other functions,
// and all have > 600 characters for illustration purposes
// Asymptotic average runtime is efficient though: O(n*lg(n))
var quickSort = (function() {
	// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
	// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
	// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
	// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
	// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
	// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
	
	function quickSort(items, left, right) {
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		var index;
		if (items.length > 1) {

			left = typeof left != "number" ? 0 : left;
			right = typeof right != "number" ? items.length - 1 : right;

			index = partition(items, left, right);

			if (left < index - 1) {
				quickSort(items, left, index - 1);
			}

			if (index < right) {
				quickSort(items, index, right);
			}

		}

		return items;
	}

	function partition(items, left, right) {
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		var pivotIndex = Math.floor((right + left) / 2);
			pivot   = items[pivotIndex],
			i       = left,
			j       = right;

		while (i <= j) {

			while (items[i] < pivot) {
				i++;
			}

			while (items[j] > pivot) {
				j--;
			}

			if (i <= j) {
				swap(items, i, j);
				i++;
				j--;
			}
		}

		return i;
	}

	function swap(items, firstIndex, secondIndex){
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		// blahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblahblah
		var temp = items[firstIndex];
		items[firstIndex] = items[secondIndex];
		items[secondIndex] = temp;
	}
	
	return quickSort;
}());

main();

// Output when run on my not so awesome laptop (took about an hour):
/*
	(snip)
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	size,sort,bubbleSort,quickSort
	1,0.0032609681929311445,0.003221061921888782,0.0033271312713623047
	2,0.0024390720552013765,0.0023595690727233887,0.008761828945529076
	4,0.002332864269133537,0.0019088099079747354,0.003618546070591096
	8,0.0025715193440837246,0.003022199676882836,0.006561588856481736
	16,0.004374388725526871,0.008099138736724854,0.01102864550006005
	32,0.005288941244925222,0.010816581787601594,0.009848869615985502
	64,0.011704679458372055,0.02097035607983989,0.010657589281758955
	128,0.017497322251719814,0.061121454161982385,0.016861215714485414
	256,0.039621020517041604,0.23431902162490353,0.033218514534734914
	512,0.09518845811966926,1.01103058168965,0.07530503119191816
	1024,0.20962386938833422,4.143949593267133,0.1535394480151515
	2048,0.538535027734695,17.611484585269803,0.3426039853403645
	4096,1.0154711527209128,69.85548112084788,0.7044684117840182
	8192,2.149168687482034,279.5380437451024,1.450426870776761
	16384,5.644084828515207,1210.01221583351,3.3311964177316233
	32768,18.23034822364007,4935.867341976012,7.723635219758557
	65536,43.34337083755001,18903.20476990169,14.218331535016336
	131072,93.93101509924858,77836.28741715993,30.74692707677041
*/

graph.html

<img src="http://i.imgur.com/bsSvnDV.png">

Might have a bug with not cloning the input array; will check tonight but didn't want to miss the 1:35 session.

Just for fun I updated the code to clone the array before running so that all algorithms get the same input and ran multiple trials for each size. Of course this makes it take a lot longer to run, but the results are a bit more meaningful as it helps even out input sensitivities and outside system load (since the timing done here is the coarse "wall clock" method).