Listening for break point changes without using the window resize event.

Breakpoint.js

/**
 * @file     A class that listens for breakpoints. This is far more efficient
 *           and accurate than relying on the window resize event.
 * @license  MIT
 * @author   James "JLo" Long <jameslong@xigen.co.uk>
 * @requires Observer
 */

var BreakPoints = (function () {

    "use strict";

    var EVENT_NAME_GLUE = "-";

    /**
     * @class BreakPoints
     * @param {Object} [points]
     *        Optional initial break points. See
     *        {@link BreakPoints#addBreakPoint} for details.
     */
    var Points = function (points) {

        /**
         * A collection of break point names and matchMedia instances.
         * @type {Object}
         */
        this.media = {};

        if (points) {

            Object.keys(points).forEach(function (name) {
                this.addBreakPoint(name, points[name]);
            }, this);

        }

    };

    Points.prototype = Observer.extend(/** @lends BreakPoints.prototype */{

        /**
         * Adds a break point.
         *
         * @param {String} name
         *        The name of the break point.
         * @param {Number|String} mediaQuery
         *        Either the minimum number of pixels (e.g. 100 is converted
         *        into "(min-width: 100px)") or a string with a media query
         *        (e.g. "(max-width: 30em)").
         */
        addBreakPoint: function (name, mediaQuery) {

            var that = this;
            var mm = window.matchMedia(
                typeof mediaQuery === "string"
                ? mediaQuery
                : "(min-width:" + mediaQuery + "px)"
            );

            mm.addListener(function (media) {

                var eventName = (
                    media.matches
                    ? "enter"
                    : "leave"
                );

                /**
                 * The generic change event that fires whenever a break point
                 * change occurs.
                 * @event BreakPoints#change
                 */
                that.dispatchEvent("change", media);

                /**
                 * The change event that fires whenever a specific break point
                 * changes.
                 * @event BreakPoints#change-(name)
                 */
                that.dispatchEvent("change" + EVENT_NAME_GLUE + name, media);

                /**
                 * The event that fires when a break point becomes active.
                 * @event BreakPoints#enter
                 */
                /**
                 * The event that fires when a break point becomes inactive.
                 * @event BreakPoints#leave
                 */
                that.dispatchEvent(eventName, media);

                /**
                 * The event that fires when a specific break point becomes
                 * active.
                 * @event BreakPoints#enter-(name)
                 */
                /**
                 * The event that fires when a specific break point becomes
                 * inactive.
                 * @event BreakPoints#leave-(name)
                 */
                that.dispatchEvent(
                    eventName + EVENT_NAME_GLUE + name,
                    media
                );

            });

            that.media[name] = mm;

        },

        /**
         * Adds an event listener to a breakpoint change.
         *
         * @param {String} event
         *        Name of the event to listen for.
         * @param {String} [name]
         *        Optional name of the break point whose event should be
         *        listened for.
         * @param {Function} handler
         *        Function to execute when the event occurs.
         * @param {Boolean} [autoExecute=false]
         *        If true and if name is given, the handler will execute
         *        instantly if it would have matched.
         */
        on: function (event, name, handler, autoExecute) {

            var isNameGiven = typeof name === "string";
            var func = (
                isNameGiven
                ? handler
                : name
            );
            var eventName = (
                isNameGiven
                ? (event + EVENT_NAME_GLUE + name)
                : event
            );
            var matches = false;

            this.addEventListener(eventName, func);

            if (isNameGiven && autoExecute) {

                matches = this.matches(name);

                if (
                    event === "change"
                    || (event === "enter" && matches)
                    || (event === "leave" && !matches)
                ) {

                    func.call(
                        this.getEventElement(),
                        this.createEvent(eventName, this.media[name])
                    );

                }
                
            }

        },

        /**
         * Removes an event listener from a breakpoint change.
         *
         * @param {String} event
         *        Name of the event to stop listening for.
         * @param {String} [name]
         *        Optional name of the break point whose event should no longer
         *        be listened for.
         * @param {Function} handler
         *        Function to remove from the event.
         */
        off: function (event, name, handler) {

            var isNameGiven = typeof name === "string";
            var func = (
                isNameGiven
                ? handler
                : name
            );
            var eventName = (
                isNameGiven
                ? (event + EVENT_NAME_GLUE + name)
                : event
            );

            this.removeEventListener(eventName, func);

        },

        /**
         * Checks to see if the given break point name matches. This function
         * will return false if the break point name isn't recognised.
         *
         * @param  {String} name
         *         Name of the break point to check.
         * @return {Boolean}
         *         True if the break point matches false if it doesn't (or if
         *         the break point name isn't recognised).
         */
        matches: function (name) {

            var media = this.media[name];

            return Boolean(media) && media.matches;

        }

    });

    return Points;

}());

minified.js

/*! MIT lisence, author: James "JLo" Long <jameslong@xigen.co.uk> */
var Observer=function(){"use strict";var t=new WeakMap,e=function(){};return e.prototype={getEventElement:function(){var e=t.get(this);return e||(e=document.createElement("div"),t.set(this,e)),e},addEventListener:function(t,e){$(this.getEventElement()).on(t,e)},removeEventListener:function(t,e){$(this.getEventElement()).off(t,e)},createEvent:function(t,e){return $.Event(t,{detail:e})},dispatchEvent:function(t,e){$(this.getEventElement()).trigger("string"==typeof t?this.createEvent(t,e):t)}},e.extend=function(t){return $.extend(Object.create(e.prototype),t)},e}(),BreakPoints=function(){"use strict";var t=function(t){this.media={},t&&Object.keys(t).forEach(function(e){this.addBreakPoint(e,t[e])},this)};return t.prototype=Observer.extend({addBreakPoint:function(t,e){var n=this,i=window.matchMedia("string"==typeof e?e:"(min-width:"+e+"px)");i.addListener(function(e){var i=e.matches?"enter":"leave";n.dispatchEvent("change",e),n.dispatchEvent("change-"+t,e),n.dispatchEvent(i,e),n.dispatchEvent(i+"-"+t,e)}),n.media[t]=i},on:function(t,e,n,i){var r="string"==typeof e,a=r?n:e,s=r?t+"-"+e:t,c=!1;this.addEventListener(s,a),r&&i&&(c=this.matches(e),("change"===t||"enter"===t&&c||"leave"===t&&!c)&&a.call(this.getEventElement(),this.createEvent(s,this.media[e])))},off:function(t,e,n){var i="string"==typeof e,r=i?n:e,a=i?t+"-"+e:t;this.removeEventListener(a,r)},matches:function(t){var e=this.media[t];return Boolean(e)&&e.matches}}),t}();

Observer.js

/**
 * @file     A basic jQuery-based observer.
 * @license  MIT
 * @author   James "JLo" Long <jameslong@xigen.co.uk>
 * @requires jQuery
 */

var Observer = (function () {

    "use strict";

    var dummies = new WeakMap();

    /**
     * @class Observer
     */
    var Obs = function () {
    };

    Obs.prototype = /** @lends Observer.prototype */{

        /**
         * Gets the element on which events will be heard and dispatched. By
         * default, this function will create a unique div element but this
         * method can be overridden to work on elements in the existing DOM
         * tree, allowing observable events to be delegated.
         *
         * @return {Element}
         *         Event element.
         */
        getEventElement: function () {

            var dummy = dummies.get(this);

            if (!dummy) {

                dummy = document.createElement("div");
                dummies.set(this, dummy);

            }

            return dummy;

        },

        /**
         * Adds an event listener to the event element (see
         * {@link Observer#getEventElement}). Events always bubble.
         *
         * @param {String} eventName
         *        Name of the event to listen for.
         * @param {Function} handler
         *        Function to execute on the event.
         */
        addEventListener: function (eventName, handler) {
            $(this.getEventElement()).on(eventName, handler);
        },

        /**
         * Removes an event listener from the event element (see
         * {@link Observer#getEventElement}).     * @return {[type]}        [description]

         *
         * @param {String} eventName
         *        Name of the event to stop listening for.
         * @param {Function} handler
         *        Function to remove from the event.
         */
        removeEventListener: function (eventName, handler) {
            $(this.getEventElement()).off(eventName, handler);
        },

        /**
         * Creates an event.
         *
         * @param  {String} eventName
         *         Name of the event to create.
         * @param  {?} [detail]
         *         Optional detail for the event.
         * @return {jQuery.Event}
         *         jQuery event.
         */
        createEvent: function (eventName, detail) {

            return $.Event(eventName, {
                detail: detail
            });

        },

        /**
         * Dispatches an event on the event element (see
         * {@link Observer#getEventElement}).
         *
         * @param {String|jQuery.Event} event
         *        Either the name of the event or the event itself.
         * @param {?} [detail]
         *        Optional detail for the event. This is ignored if the event
         *        parameter is already a jQuery.Event instance.
         */
        dispatchEvent: function (event, detail) {

            $(this.getEventElement()).trigger(
                typeof event === "string"
                ? this.createEvent(event, detail)
                : event
            );

        }

    };

    /**
     * Helper function for creating a prototype object that includes the
     * {@link Observer} methods.
     *
     * @memberof Observer
     * @param    {Object} prototype
     *           Methods to add to the new prototype.
     * @return   {Object}
     *           Prototype with a live link to the prototype of
     *           {@link Observer}.
     */
    Obs.extend = function (prototype) {
        return $.extend(Object.create(Obs.prototype), prototype);
    };

    return Obs;

}());

usage.js

// Listen for website break point changes using JavaScript but without relying 
// on the window resize event. Not only does that fire a lot, but checking the
// window width isn't as accurate as you'd think.

// Creating an instance (based on Bootstrap 4)
var breakpoints = new BreakPoints({
    xs: 0,
    sm: 576,
    md: 768,
    lg: 992,
    xl: 1200
});

// You could also use a media query string either in this method or in the
// initial object.
breakpoints.addBreakPoint("custom", "(max-width: 30em)");

// Does the break point match?
breakpoints.matches("sm"); // -> true if the screen is at least 576 pixels wide.

// Listening for a change.
// 
// There are 3 events:
// - "change" (break point has either been entered or left)
// - "enter" (break point has been entered)
// - "leave" (break point has been left)

// Listen for all break point enters:
breakpoints.on("enter", function (e) {
    // e.detail is a window.matchMedia instance.
});

// Listen for the "md" break point leaving.
breakpoints.on("leave", "md", function (e) {
    // e.detail is a window.matchMedia instance.
});

// Automatically execute the function if it would have matched.
breakpoints.on("change", "lg", function (e) {
    // ...
}, true);

Note to self: the media passed to the event should have a name property so users can easily identify them from the generic change event.

Probably worth wrapping it:

class BreakPointQuery {

    constructor(/* String */ name, /* MediaQueryList */ matchMedia) {

        this.mediaQueryList = matchMedia;

        Object.defineProperties(this, {
            name: {
                configurable: false,
                enumerable: true,
                writable: false,
                value: name
            },
            matches: {
                get: function () {
                    return matchMedia.matches;
                }
            },
            media: {
                get: function () {
                    return matchMedia.media;
                }
            }
        });

    }

    addListener(/* Function */ func) {
        this.mediaQueryList.addListener(func);
    }

    removeListener(/* Function */ func) {
        this.mediaQueryList.removeListener(func);
    }
    
}