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REST API response for the ustwo.com /posts?per_page=12 request
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ustwo-rest-posts-response.js
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"rendered": "<p>We believe that collaboration can help the healthcare industry to develop innovative products, services and ways of working that benefit the entire system. The delivery of person-centred care depends upon our ability to create bridges between institutions, businesses and designers. Which is why, at ustwo, collaboration is the cornerstone of every health project and partnership [&hellip;]<\/p>\n"
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"value": "<p>We believe that collaboration can help the healthcare industry to develop innovative products, services and ways of working that benefit the entire system. The delivery of person-centred care depends upon our ability to create bridges between institutions, businesses and designers. Which is why, at ustwo, collaboration is the cornerstone of every health project and partnership we\u2019re involved in.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As the digital health market grows and the NHS continues to look for partners to develop integrated solutions, we assembled a panel of industry leaders and visionaries to discuss the opportunities for innovation and the milestones to adoption \u2013 and how we can work together across sectors to scale these new solutions.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Read on for a summary or watch the discussion in full below:\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Getting a holistic picture of the digital health space is no mean feat and, as the discussion on the night highlighted, there are many stakeholders to consider. Entrepreneurs, corporations, patients, clinicians, carers, technologists and consumers are all invested in the digital health \u2013 and all need to contribute towards shaping its future.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Start-ups have long been leading the charge when it comes to democratising healthcare and promoting tech-first solutions. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/immanentizenow?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Stephen Bourke<\/a> from Echo \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.echo.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">a mobile-based prescription delivery service<\/a>, which he glibly refers to as \u2018Deliveroo for prescriptions\u2019 \u2013 joined the panel to shed some light on his experience working with the healthcare system as a founder. Adding another start-up perspective was <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/LizAshallPayne?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\" target=\"_blank\">Liz Ashall-Payne<\/a>, founder of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orcha.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">The Organisation for the Review of Care and Health Application<\/a> (ORCHA). ORCHA are working to raise the quality of health apps so that the most efficacious digital tools are immediately accessible for consumers and clinicians alike. \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>However, the importance of big players in both public and private sector \u2013 those that currently deliver the day-to-day health services we depend on \u2013 is key when it comes to scaling disruption, encouraging adoption and, increasingly, investing in innovation. We were joined by<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/drtonyyoung?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\"> Tony Young<\/a>, National Clinical Director of Innovation at the NHS, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/wolfgang-wehmeyer-16704bb7\/?locale=en_US\" target=\"_blank\">Wolfgang Wehmeyer<\/a>, Head of Care Innovation at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fresenius.com\/fresenius-medical-care\" target=\"_blank\">Fresenius<\/a> who were able to share the insights into how established industry leaders are approaching digital healthcare.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The third pillar in this space is those who are committed to stimulating innovation and bringing together these parties to create meaningful, scalable digital solutions. Both Tony, who runs the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.innovation.england.nhs.uk\/en\/clinical-entrepreneur\" target=\"_blank\">NHS Clinical Entrepreneurs programme<\/a>, as well as our final panelist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sarahhaywoodprice\/\" target=\"_blank\">Sarah Haywood<\/a> who runs Medcity, a regional organisation looking to grow and stimulate life-science investment in the Southeast, were able to use their experience to comment on the value cross-sector collaboration, navigating the complex health industry bureaucracies and how to get valuable ideas off the ground.\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/andhollyb?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Holly Brenan<\/a>, ustwo\u00a0Health Lead and panel moderator, kicked off with a discussion on the current state of the market. With more than 172,000 health apps out there, how many of these digital innovators are merely following the money rather than building lasting solutions? Quoting Steve Flatt, director of Psychological Therapies Unit in Liverpool, Holly asked \u2013 are we in the equivalent of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2017\/feb\/21\/health-apps-could-be-doing-more-harm-than-good-warn-scientists\" target=\"_blank\">1860s Wild West<\/a> with the savvy and commercially minded seeing a proverbial gravy train and jumping on it?<\/p>\n<p>Through her work with ORCHA, Liz has a comprehensive view of the current health app marketplace. She doesn\u2019t see the number of people developing in this space as the problem \u2013 rather it\u2019s the rate of duplication that suggests people are rushing to solutions without proper consideration of the problems they are trying to solve. For example, there are nearly 3000 apps targeting type 1 diabetes sufferers. In such an over-saturated marketplace, how do you make sure the best products are most accessible and that those empowered to use these tools find something that works?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Tony also saw something positive in the proliferation of readily available mobile solutions. For him, it\u2019s a democratising impulse that mirrors the effect of the printing press. The doctor-patient dynamic is being transformed, they are no longer the sole purveyors of information as citizens become more engaged in their own care and empowered to make decisions. Anecdotally, he notes rarely do superficial solutions find real success \u2013 we need to be confident that consumers are able to sort the wheat from the chaff.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>However, the app stores are only a shop window looking into the vast, fragmented digital health industry. Stephen argued that, in the UK, the NHS is the marketplace \u2013 a fractured network of buyers and sellers with a highly decentralised organisational structure, which makes scaling solutions very difficult. Both Sarah and Stephen emphasised the importance of taking time to understand this nebulous system at the very earliest stages of developing a digital solution in the UK. What\u2019s your route? Who do you need to approach? Come to this too late, and the NHS can seem impenetrable.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Wolfgang suggested similar planning and forethought is integral when seeking to innovate in large corporations \u2013 many of which have complex organisational structures comparable to that of the NHS. According to him, you need to consider the incentives of all the different players with the \u2018ecosystem\u2019: find a directional force behind your innovation that allows it to be scaled and focus on making sustainable solutions, that will continue to have impact over time.\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As the discussion moved on to examining the conditions necessary to create valuable and lasting healthcare innovations, our panelists were confronted with one of the biggest debates in this space \u2013 how can health apps be regulated without compromising the accessibility and immediacy of mobile treatments and services?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Stephen pointed out that the regulatory system in the UK is one of the most mature and safe in the world. And he was sensitive to the idea that potential extra costs from increased regulation could make it harder for start-ups to make their ideas a reality. A publicly funded system means a sales team \u2013 from the earliest stages of a startup \u2013 need to be able to navigate the maze of trusts, Clinical Commissioning Groups, hospitals and boards. Instead of selling your digital product or service to various these funding bodies \u2013 small start-ups should be using their time to fine tune their offering and focusing on unmet needs of their users.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>For Sarah and Liz, more regulation is a necessity in this immature marketplace \u2013 but what this will look like is still uncertain. We need to know that any treatment we use is \u2018efficacious and safe\u2019. And, as it stands, the technical standards underpinning digital health are still very much in flux. What&#8217;s the evidence base? When do you need a clinical trial? How do you even do a clinical trial for an app? Because of this uncertainty, there is still a real risk of innovators investing time and energy into the wrong things.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In terms of the impact on consumers and patients, &#8216;regulation is critical to help people find the best solution\u2019. If someone is actively seeking a digital solution to help \u2018self-manage or keep well\u2019, it would be a huge missed opportunity to have them use a bad app. Liz illustrated her point with the example of a girl in India who almost killed herself after using an \u2018entertainment\u2019 app where you took a supposed \u2018HIV test\u2019 by pressing your thumb on the screen. By removing these dangerous digital experiences, more people will be able to create sustainable, digital health habits.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2018How do you do a double-blind randomised trial of an app?\u2019 Sarah Haywood<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n",
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"value": "<p>As technology advances at pace, it\u2019s easy to get lost in visions of healthcare&#8217;s AI-driven future \u2013 but the reality is human touch and empathy remain a key part of the way we treat and care for each other.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>With the discussion turned to the future, Tony spoke about how we need to make sure technology doesn&#8217;t create new healthcare inequalities. Social interaction and networking remain key to treatment and without them, we can alienate groups who aren&#8217;t as technically able or <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ageuk.org.uk\/latest-news\/archive\/older-people-visiting-gps-due-to-loneliness\/\" target=\"_blank\">are already socially isolated<\/a>. What if your doctor&#8217;s appointments are the only time you get to speak to someone all day? For Tony, solutions need to be ones that work for the whole population.<\/p>\n<p>Stephen however, sees the utility of segmented thinking \u2013 \u2019If you design for everyone at once, you\u2019re not going to solve any problems.\u2019 Despite this, he is wary of creating a \u2018digital apartheid\u2019. You can\u2019t make something great that only works for the tech savvy, leaving those not digitally included with inferior treatment. Instead, it\u2019s more about being targeted in terms of what you are making and letting consumers find their own utility in the products. With Echo, they envisaged it would be a service for people with social anxiety or mobility problems but it has also been adopted by many sufferers of Cystic Fibrosis \u2013 something which was not accounted for in their use cases. They have learned not to make assumptions about who their app is for.\u00a0<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2018If we want technology to be adopted in healthcare, we have to focus on the way it makes people feel\u2019 \u00a0Dr. Tony Young<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n",
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"value": "<p>With speakers from across the healthcare spectrum, our panel gave a 360 degree view of many of the most persistent and divisive issues the industry are working through. Despite divergent backgrounds and priorities, the need for collaboration across the stakeholder groups they represent became an evident theme of the night. Wolfgang\u2019s parting piece of wisdom spoke to that very theme \u2013 \u2018Don\u2019t try to do what you are not best at\u2019. Collaborate with people who have the expertise you need, whether that\u2019s business acumen, medical know-how, day-to-day experience or design-savvy.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re looking for more practical advice about getting your digital health idea off the ground or more expert insights into where the industry is going \u2013 you can watch the talk in full or listen to the podcast.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>And, if you&#8217;re looking for a partner to create digital health solutions, we\u2019re looking to collaborate health@ustwo.com<\/p>\n",
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"description": "Occupying three floors of The Tea Building in Shoreditch, our UK studio has over 100 talented and driven people. We're dedicated to delivering stand-out work for clients including Barclays, Ford, DeepMind, Harvey Nichols, Co-op and Sky. We also develop our own products and businesses, including mental health app Moodnotes, audio-wayfinding service Wayfindr and ticketing app DICE.",
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"rendered": "<p>David Bowie was a visionary. That\u2019s something we can all agree on. In the Newsnight interview from 1999 that circulated widely after his death, he said:I think the potential of what the internet is going to do for society \u2013 both good and bad \u2013 is unimaginable \u2026 both exhilarating and terrifying.This can be read [&hellip;]<\/p>\n"
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"value": "<p>David Bowie was a visionary. That\u2019s something we can all agree on. In the Newsnight interview from 1999 that circulated widely after his death, he said:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>I think the potential of what the internet is going to do for society \u2013 both good and bad \u2013 is unimaginable \u2026 both exhilarating and terrifying.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>This can be read in two ways. It describes the web-zeitgeist of 1999, and prophetically captures what still concerns us about our digital future. What is most prophetic is the realisation that a completely new relationship between artist and audience was being made real. This is at the centre\u00a0of digital transformation today.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LaHcOs7mhfU?start=297\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" align=\"center\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Digital transformation is a huge challenge for incumbent businesses. Companies must transform to face new realities, or die a slow death. 88% of Fortune 500 companies of 1955 are now gone. Fifty years ago, the life expectancy of a firm was 75 years. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aei.org\/publication\/fortune-500-firms-in-1955-vs-2014-89-are-gone-and-were-all-better-off-because-of-that-dynamic-creative-destruction\/\" target=\"_blank\">Now it&#8217;s 15<\/a>. Research suggests that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uk.capgemini.com\/news\/news\/capgemini-consulting-report-reveals-that-few-companies-have-evolved-into-truly-digital\" target=\"_blank\">only 7% of incumbent businesses have yet become \u2018fully digital\u2019<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>David Bowie was born in 1947 and was 69 when he died in 2016. How thoroughly life changed during those years. The first \u2018packet switching networks\u2019 that pre-figured the internet were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s. By 1999, the year Bowie gave that interview, the internet was mainstream and was <a href=\"https:\/\/econsultancy.com\/blog\/68522-the-impact-of-technology-and-social-media-on-the-music-industry\/\" target=\"_blank\">changing the music industry at such a pace<\/a>, and so thoroughly, that powerful major record labels could not keep up.<\/p>\n<p>The music industry is a great example of a sector entirely transformed through digital. Music, which you used to hold in your hand as vinyl or plastic, could now stream through the airwaves as bits and bytes. An entirely new business model had to be created around this new form of distribution.<\/p>\n<p>Almost 20 years on from Bowie\u2019s interview, companies in many other sectors are struggling with the impact of digital on their businesses. We have seen seismic disruption across sectors from television to banking to the way we order our food. In fact, almost every area of business has been disrupted by the new opportunities that\u00a0digital brings.<\/p>\n<p>At ustwo we work with companies at every stage of their transformation journey. And start\u00a0by being precise about what digital transformation actually is. To do this, we condensed what drives digital transformation into 10 Core Principles to help our clients and industry colleagues diagnose exactly when and where change needs to happen, and how to approach the transformation journey.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<ol>\n<li><strong>We are customer-centric.<\/strong> We map each part of the customer experience and seek to improve it at every point. We use marketing to engage, not to persuade. The customer is at the centre of everything we do.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We have fit-for-purpose systems and platforms.<\/strong> We have nimble systems that operate in parallel. Our technology is easy to use and helps people do their jobs. We assess new technologies in terms of value to our customers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We invest in digital people and skills.<\/strong> We invest in skills for our people, and\u00a0support distributed decision making \u2013 anyone can be a leader. We value diversity and connections over individual heroics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We maximise data and analytics.<\/strong> We systematically gather and analyse data. We manage our data as a strategic asset. We use data to make decisions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We are \u2018digital-first\u2019 at board level.<\/strong> We support digital from CEO down. We have an agile value proposition. We use digital experts to critique plans. We remove blockages rather than creating them.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We test, learn and iterate on what works.<\/strong> We test with prototypes as a matter of course. We lower the cost of failure and increase the speed of learning. We value testing and experimentation over analysis and seniority.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We work across silos and collaborate.<\/strong> We don\u2019t have separate digital enclaves. We have integrated, cross-functional teams. We make sharing as fast and consistent as possible.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We reward digital progress.<\/strong> We communicate the benefits of digital in all areas. We show how digital makes work easier and better. We drive peoples\u2019 motivation for digital.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We track digital progress through metrics and KPIs.<\/strong> We are disciplined about metrics and KPIs. We focus on short-term growth milestones. We define specific growth measures for digital adoption and the impact of new digital initiatives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>We look outward across sectors and competitors.<\/strong> We view competition across all sectors, not just our own. We actively engage with our competition. We create value through platforms and networks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n",
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"value": "<p>ustwo has some amazing clients. Google has been one of our most loyal in large part due to the work we\u2019ve put into helping shape the Android Wear ecosystem through extensive work building watchfaces and apps for Android Wear. When I joined the Google x ustwo team at ustwo eighteen months ago, the QA process had been defined by the development team. A large regression test doc had been created and the entire team would halt work and run the test in parallel in the week before the release. Those of us in the QA game know the document in question: a gigantic spreadsheet teeming with macros and links to specifications. It was thorough, but, as a filter, was only really helpful at the end of the SDLC, and designed, as all regression tests are, as a final confirmation that no one messed up so badly that the software couldn\u2019t be shipped.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Early in my career, I was lucky enough to have a boss that believed so thoroughly in the value of QA that he stopped coding and hired me as a foundational member of his new ideal of a QA team. He coined the term \u201cFeature Hipster\u201d, and put us to the task of living it out.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The basic idea is that QA shouldn\u2019t just be a security guard at the end of a long hallway. QA should be deeply invested and embedded in the scoping, planning, creation, and building of a feature. Each QA person should know so much about a feature that they\u2019re working on that they can safely say that they know more than any one individual on the team. \u201cOh, I knew about that already\u201d should be a constant response in conversation; Like a hipster telling someone that they knew about a band before they were popular. We even had hoodies made (of course, we did) that said \u201cWe Know\u201d on the back in giant Impact font.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>I brought this, full-force, to my time on the ustwo Wear team, and even went a bit more extreme in order to see where it would take us.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p><em>The following is an expounding of my to-do list from when I started on the team. It might serve as a how-to if you\u2019re so inclined.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Begin by reading.<\/strong> Read anything related to the features to be released that you can get your eyeballs scrubbing against: spec docs, email threads, GitHub, README files, design files, old demo decks. If it is in the project team\u2019s Google Drive, or any document repo, read it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Talk. With. Devs. Regularly.<\/strong> Understanding the features that are being released is important, but so is understanding how those creating them do that work. Getting a feel for production cadence and work-style allows a QA person the opportunity to find the best way to assert an issue to a given individual without being unnecessarily disruptive or insensitive. An empathetic, familiar face gets results and encourages. Sending back a ticket with little comment does not.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Attend all of the meetings.<\/strong> Whether design, production, development, or UX, a representative from the QA team (usually just, you know, you) should be present in as many meetings about the feature under development as is feasible. Being there &#8211; and taking notes &#8211; allows the QA person to become a domain expert, and putting in the face-time, as previously-mentioned, has the delicious side effect of endearing your cause (quality) to the rest of the team.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Create a testing pipeline.<\/strong> Each feature &#8211; and subsection &#8211; should be tested as soon as it is coded. Getting this right takes time, but the work that is put in to understand each feature and developer workflow will make testing in this way both quick and efficient. It also tightens the feedback loop to the point where near-immediate response to a `git push` is possible. This division in testing also makes regression testing far less stressful as the amount of bugs that will come out of it will undoubtedly be far fewer than average.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Be proactive.<\/strong> The amount of times that developer has told me that they forgot about a bug is nearly immeasurable. This is to be expected. They have a lot of work on their plates, especially in small teams on a deadline, and their job requires getting into a groove, often for hours on end. This leads to stuff falling by the wayside. Your job as QA is to keep those things from hitting the floor. Often, a friendly reminder in the morning (standups are perfect for this) does the trick, at which point you\u2019ll sometimes hear \u201cI forgot\u201d. Smile, be friendly, and make sure that the issue being presented is actually important and not nit-picky. Your job isn\u2019t to nag, but to be the person that picks up the dropped wallet.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Create an agreed-upon scale for issues.<\/strong> Simply labeling something as \u201cblocking\u201d doesn\u2019t mean anything to anyone but yourself. One must present issues appended with priority the scale of which is agreed-upon by the entire development team (if not the whole team). Get a room and hash it out. Write the rules down. Put it on paper. Put it on a wall near your desks. Adjust the scale as needed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Learn the codebase.<\/strong> Alright, admittedly, this one is a tough nut to crack, and time-consuming, but hear me out. Learning the basics of the codebase you\u2019re working in (architecture, dependencies, the language syntax) helps to debug issues like you wouldn\u2019t believe. Imagine tailing a log and knowing what is breaking and &#8211; potentially &#8211; why. This is the magical line between black- and grey-box testing. Cross it. You\u2019ll be glad that you did.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Learn the toolset.<\/strong> Often in testing, there are developer tools inherent in a given SDK, as well as third-party tools which make grokking a feature &#8211; and later debugging it &#8211; a whole helluva lot easier. Learn all of the SDK tools, at least. Ask the developers on your team which to begin with, and which are best to use. They know the SDK\/language very well and are an invaluable asset to testing. Learn from your peers!<\/li>\n<li><strong>Make quality everyone\u2019s problem.<\/strong> Alright, this is the last bullet, but probably the most important. Eighty percent of my effectiveness as a QA person is derived from my ability to spread the gospel of quality. Evangelizing quality is easier than it sounds. Be a bug in everyone\u2019s ear at all of the meetings that you\u2019re attending. Relate everything back to the end-user (oh, yeah, people actually use our software!) and their journey through your app. Soon enough, your voice will be replaced by their own inner monologue saying something biblical about quality. Then you can stop talking so much, which everyone will like, and will give you more time to review specs and be proactive.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n",
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"value": "<p>As a result of this to-do list, several things happened, some good, some bad. Cool kids call these \u201clearnings.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The first was that our development team began thrumming along at an incredible rate and the quality of our first-draft code became impeccable. The tighter feedback loop meant, counterintuitively, \u00a0that there was more emphasis on getting it right the first time so that my job, and those of other teammates, wasn\u2019t made harder. We were functioning as a team. As comrades. It was glorious.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The second was that having a top-level understanding of the guts of the code (the architecture, etc.) meant that I was frequently able to present solutions or, at the very least, excellent isolations to bugs once found in a feature. I even wrote a bug fix a couple of times, which felt a lot like an inappropriate, non-Agile thing, but I loved it.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The third, less awesome, thing that happened was that I became bogged down with meetings and conversations, which meant that I had to dramatically step up my organizational abilities to keep ahead of the workload. All things considered, that lesson might have been the best to come out of my experiment with whole-hog Feature Hipsterdom. Not enough credit can be given to people with organizational prowess. I\u2019m glad to have found a little bit of that on this journey.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The result of all of this effort and documentation &#8211; no guff, I\u2019ve got a folder on the team drive with tips and tricks &#8211; has been to make the development team more efficient, more cohesive as a unit, and allowed for the team to be more generally cognizant of their stake in the quality of the product as it is being designed and developed. The process helped to buck the idea of a \u201cQA machine\u201d where features go into a bin for later judgement, and realigned that viewpoint to understand the role as being more comprehensive\u2026 and hip. Well, maybe not the last part. A girl can dream.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>I\u2019d just sat down when she touched my keys on her Bluetooth reader. We weren\u2019t even on first name terms. She knew something. It was the kind of thing that could be life or death. &#8216;It\u2019s your brakes&#8217; she said &#8216;they\u2019re going to wear out in 457 miles. Shall we change them now?&#8217; In that second I imagined my family crashing \u2013 Yes, please change them now. It was only afterwards I started to wonder. Why 457 miles specifically? What other choice did she think I had? \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>A few days later, with new brake-pads and a hole in my wallet, my wife was on the motorway with our baby boy when the car\u2019s service light starts flashing. The car had forgotten it had just had the automotive equivalent of a Swedish massage \u2013 the light is red and that means danger. She fights the urge to pull onto the hard shoulder and goes to the nearest service station where she calls me in tears. Then she calls the garage who say; &#8216;Oh, it\u2019s probably just the tyre pressure. We need to reset the computer so it knows we\u2019ve changed the pressure during the MOT. But we can\u2019t be sure.&#8217; So she drives 30 miles and the mechanic presses the reset button.\u00a0<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11315\" style=\"width: 370px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img class=\"wp-image-11315 size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/usweb-cdn.ustwo.com\/ustwo-production\/uploads\/2017\/04\/IMG-20160101-WA0001-1-1-360x480.jpg\" alt=\"The authors young baby in his car seat\" width=\"360\" height=\"480\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wrapped up and ready for a drive<\/p><\/div>\n",
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"value": "<p>So my car isn\u2019t that connected after all. Not to me, my family, the garage, the dealer or even itself. It drives like a dream thanks to all the wonderful technology but my recent memories don\u2019t relate to the automatic suspension or the way the wipers come on when it rains. The big stuff is done really well, but the small stuff \u2013 the actual usability \u2013 is surprisingly bad, especially given the car\u2019s intelligence. To borrow a phrase from Rory Sutherland, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/rory_sutherland_sweat_the_small_stuff\" target=\"_blank\">where\u2019s the chief detail officer<\/a>? Shouldn\u2019t the experience be as intelligent as the car?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s start with the battery. Why not tell me it\u2019s running low so I can do something about it? Or, let me know when I\u2019m buying the car. Why not help me prolong the life of the brake-pads by suggesting a less bumpy route or by helping me be a better driver? The car knew both sets of keys were inside, but locked me out. Who reads those dusty 300-page manuals in the glove box anyway? And the app could have saved the day, had it been designed with this use case in mind. \u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>I asked an Uber driver recently if he noticed his flashing service light and he simply said\u00a0&#8216;oh, it always does that&#8217;. The response is either denial or blind panic and neither is the desired response. So, car, why not tell me if you have a sniffle or a heart attack and how I can help you? You know where your makers are but you don\u2019t even give me a number to call.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re human. That means we\u2019re perfectly imperfect and predictably irrational. We do silly things like panic when we sense danger and leave our keys in the car. We over-react. We can\u2019t take it all in. We have busy lives, families and get tired. But we expect you to be perfect. We\u2019re unreasonable and think that\u2019s fine.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11316\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img class=\"size-small wp-image-11316\" src=\"https:\/\/usweb-cdn.ustwo.com\/ustwo-production\/uploads\/2017\/04\/IMAG0340_1-1-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"A baby on board sticker in the car window\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">This changes everything<\/p><\/div>\n",
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"value": "<p><em><strong>TL;DR<\/strong>: We spent a few weeks experimenting in Daydream, and documented our process. Want to see what we built? <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ustwo\/daydream-experiment\/blob\/master\/README.md\">Download it here<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>At ustwo, we like to approach both new ideas and new technologies by getting our hands dirty. Making something tangible means we can really get a feel for the product and test it with real people.<\/p>\n<p>VR and emerging platforms are a priority in the NYC studio. On our downtime between projects, We are constantly trying to push our horizons, teach ourselves and each other, and create reusable assets and processes that enable us to work at a rapid place with these relatively new mediums.<\/p>\n<p>With VR, we&#8217;ve learned that tangible prototypes are not only important, but should be at the core of the design process. Validating ideas quickly through real feedback is the best way to understand an idea\u2019s potential without getting too caught up in figuring out all the details upfront.<\/p>\n<p>Keeping this in mind, we started thinking about what we could do with the new Google Daydream VR headset. Spinning off of the success of playful and creative experiences like Tilt Brush and Job Simulator, we wanted to explore how VR could be used to support everyday work at ustwo. This lead us into thinking about creating tools for ideation and collaboration.<\/p>\n<p>The Google Daydream headset enables a higher degree of interaction than its predecessor, the Google Cardboard headset. The main difference between the two is that the Daydream headset allows you to use your hand (via a controller) as an input method rather than simply moving your head around and clicking a button on the headset as one has to while using Cardboard. We wanted to explore the limits of what you could do with this controller, as well as attempt to raise the bar for what types of experiences one can create for the platform.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>We wanted to use this experiment to explore the following questions:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How would it be if it was effortless to move whiteboards, Post-Its, and work sessions from the physical space into VR?<\/li>\n<li>Do the physical constraints of these objects affect the way we think while ideating?<\/li>\n<li>There&#8217;s something that gets lost when trying to have meetings on digital platforms like Slack or Hangouts \/ Skype; is it the physical presence, our facial expressions, or the limited tools that make these platforms so inefficient and awkward when it comes to ideation?<\/li>\n<li>What if all of these physical nuances could be moved to a digital space and still remain tangible for the user?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
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"value": "<p>User testing was done in pairs. Once headsets were in place, we started\u00a0with\u00a0a verbal on-boarding session so that people understood the basic mechanics; the goal here was to gather\u00a0feedback to\u00a0inform us how to build the actual in-app on-boarding. While this was important, our focus was primarily on testing the core features of the prototype, not the on-boarding experience.<\/p>\n<p>Our main insight from the first user testing session was that people thought this would be a great tool for remote collaboration. People stayed engaged. No one wanted to leave the experience. We even had to ask them to take off the headset so we could ask them questions!<\/p>\n<p>We also discovered a lot of bugs in the experience with drawing, speech-to-text, and moving stuff around that definitely interfered with the users\u2019 ability to give conceptual feedback due to the friction of using the app.<\/p>\n<p>The best part, of course, was that our team garnered tons\u00a0of data for new features, such as different types of brushes, colors, Post-Its, exporting data from the experience, automatic groupings of Post-Its, and using avatars to convey other users\u2019 presence in the VR space. All fantastic ideas that we never would have thought of on our own.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><div style=\"width: 686px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/2cGvixS.gif\" alt=\"First prototype; Spencer is having a blast.\" width=\"676\" height=\"380\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">First prototype; Spencer is having a blast.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recap of what we learned in Sprint One<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>VR and collaboration between users has huge potential<\/li>\n<li>Even small bugs can get in the way of user-testing<\/li>\n<li>Prototyping is key for VR design. Be ready to pivot if some solutions don\u2019t work as expected<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
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"value": "<p>After reviewing and digesting\u00a0the data from our first user test, we decided to change our focus to making our existing features better and easier to use rather than adding more to the experience. From a development perspective, we wanted to change the drawing to be texture-based instead of being based on drawing in 3D space. We also wanted to create a more robust experience for handling speech-to-text, because the biggest problem we observed was the feedback we provided the user with when doing the actual processing &#8211; it felt buggy and unnatural but was actually working from a technical perspective.<\/p>\n<p>On the design side, we wanted to explore more environments. One tester\u00a0felt weird being in something that resembled a round room, since he had never been in one in real life. We were still figuring out a balance between the environment and the experience.<\/p>\n<p>We started to make the drawing more robust by changing the system to generate a texture by drawing instead of using 3D geometry. This enabled us to play around with different pens and colors and was much more performant than our previous implementation.<\/p>\n<p>Speech-to-text was also developed further &#8211; The user was now talking into a virtual microphone and it was more clear that what they said would end up on a Post-It note.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_11311\" style=\"width: 1810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img class=\"wp-image-11311 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/usweb-cdn.ustwo.com\/ustwo-production\/uploads\/2017\/04\/design_explorations-1800x406.png\" alt=\"Quick and dirty explorations of different environments\" width=\"1800\" height=\"406\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quick and dirty explorations of different environments<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Also on the design side, we explored more open landscapes. We finally landed on a single direction with a bright, warm world with different islands floating in the sky. Each island represented different rooms that you could go to by looking into a telescope on each island to navigate between them.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recap of what we learned in Sprint Two<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Getting features to work smoothly will enable users to give conceptual feedback instead of being distracted by bugs.<\/li>\n<li>Even in a prototype, the visuals will have huge impact when doing user-testing in VR.<\/li>\n<li>Moving quickly and being able to change direction as a team is key to making something great.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><div style=\"width: 686px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img src=\"http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/RjxEKLQ.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"676\" height=\"380\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Final prototype build<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>There are a number of things we learned about the Daydream platform:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Daydream offers a higher level of experience to the user in both the form of visual fidelity and input capabilities. With the headset strapped to your head, it opens up opportunities for longer experiences. The controller gives you the ability to interact efficiently and creates more freedom to look around and take in the world that\u2019s surrounding you.<\/p>\n<p>The Daydream is a step forward for mobile VR &#8211; the headset is light to wear, portable, and enables richer experiences than the old Cardboard headsets. But, it still can\u2019t compete with the immersive experience of using tethered VR headsets, like the HTC Vive.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;ve learned that you really need to consider the capabilities of the controller when designing for this platform. It works a much like a laser pointer that you can move around in space and use to interact. So, think about how you can use a laser pointer.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>It\u2019s \u00a0a powerful thing to move away from your computer and work physically with ideation, but we don\u2019t necessarily think that physical needs to mean \u201cnot digital\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Through this experiment, our\u00a0team\u00a0only scratched the surface of something interesting. There\u2019s potential in using VR to create more inspiring environments rather than being stuck in a meeting room. Suddenly you&#8217;re given the ability to\u00a0collaborate creatively across remote locations, or simply to enable a zone where you can think freely without constraints, which, in the modern open office environment, is a rarity.<\/p>\n<p>During these quick yet insightful sprints, we were able to explore\u00a0how something we do every week can be translated into VR and what that means for the way we work. It\u2019s important to do these experiments to discover how technology can be used to create a positive change in the world, and we&#8217;re excited to continue down the path of exploring new concepts with emerging technologies. If you want to join us, <a href=\"mailto:hello@ustwo.com\" target=\"_blank\">get in touch at hello@ustwo.com<\/a> and let&#8217;s build something together.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p><strong>Jos\u00e9-Manuel Villanueva, of ustwo:<\/strong> I want to bring it back to the human aspect of things, which goes back to the people who have been working on wearables in the last three years, which is all of us here. What can we do to find moments where we can say: \u201cOk! Let\u2019s stop the machine, and understand how we can collaborate together?\u201d And I feel that is something that, our team here [at ustwo], can benefit from. We are in the trenches day-to-day, trying to understand how people are going to interact with our products. But there is a bigger question, which is, who else is working on this, resolving aspects that I haven\u2019t even thought about?<\/p>\n<p>That is why I feel that the tipping point will be having honest conversations, like we are having tonight, and designing a collaboration so that we can exchange notes and make a better product. I would say that users are with us. I was reading research the other day that said: Users would get a wearable if they understood what the benefit was, or had a clear value proposition. Right now they [users] still don\u2019t get it, so the responsibility is on us to get together and figure it out and collaborate more than we actually are.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>If you missed our ustwoTHINKS event, you can check out <a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/ustwo-fm\/ustwothinks-wearables-beyond-watches\">the audio recording of the panel on SoundCloud<\/a>, and learn more about <a href=\"https:\/\/ustwo.com\/what-we-do\/android-wear-digital-watch-faces\">ustwo&#8217;s work with Android Wear<\/a> on our <a href=\"https:\/\/ustwo.com\/what-we-do\">What We Do<\/a> page. For our team, this evening was about learning and starting to ask the really big questions about what the wearable future looks like and how we, as a product studio, can help challenge and push forward in this space. We are excited to continue on our journey, and if you&#8217;d like to explore how you can join us, get in touch at <a href=\"mailto:hello@ustwo.com\">hello@ustwo.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Til next time!<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/tracks\/316278574&#038;color=ff5500&#038;auto_play=false&#038;hide_related=false&#038;show_comments=true&#038;show_user=true&#038;show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>When it comes to chatbots and voice assistants, there are still leagues of uncharted territory to cover. For technologists, there are new devices, practices and languages to conquer. Designers are confronted with an interface that threatens the screen as our interaction paradigm and throws up new opportunities to create in a non-visual medium. And product people across the board are presented with untapped potential to create things that make a meaningful difference, especially in terms of enhancing user experience and accessibility. The ground is primed for exploration \u2013 which is why we recently let some of ustwo\u2019s brightest minds loose on a couple of the most well-used systems.<\/p>\n<p>We began by assembling a group of developers and product designers together to experiment, test things, break things and find out more. Three days of experimentation to allow us to get to grips with this technology that isn\u2019t part of our day to day work \u2013 yet. It was a chance for unbridled creativity where we can be messy, move fast and have fun.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>But first let\u2019s dig a little deeper into the wider potential of conversational UIs \u2013 and why we wanted to explore them.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>To kick off, we split into three groups and began to ideate around what we could \u2013 and should \u2013 create. Even within our small experiment, the teams took vastly different approaches to the challenge and created a wide array of products \u2013 which in part demonstrates the breadth of this technology&#8217;s potential.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Our first team chose to approach the problem incrementally &#8211; building a few bots and adding to the complexity each time:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>They started with <strong>Comedy Bot<\/strong> which followed a tree-like conversation structure to deliver a punch line to the user.<\/li>\n<li>Building on this, they aimed to use the tree-like structure to help distill copy-heavy information for users \u2013 this took the form of <strong>GovBot<\/strong>. The aim was to replace the form-filling UI you use to find out if you qualify for marriage allowance with a conversational experience that made the information more accessible. With this, they hoped to tap into the potential of voice assistants for making dense, bureaucratic processes clearer and more human \u2013 something that\u2019s already proved successful with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2016\/jun\/28\/chatbot-ai-lawyer-donotpay-parking-tickets-london-new-york\" target=\"_blank\">DoNotPay<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Next, they began to look at more conversational structures with <strong>What Am I?<\/strong> This was an educational guessing game aimed at kids where they would ask the bot questions in order to guess the animal.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In a similar vein, our second team created <strong>The Mission<\/strong> \u2013 an application for children to ask questions and learn about the planets. This idea was informed by some competitor research: when the team looked at the Alexa \u2018Skill\u2019 store they saw a gap for a more sophisticated, ongoing experience rather than a one-time tool or gimmicky game. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/bewoelkt\" target=\"_blank\">Claudia<\/a>, a product lead at ustwo, explains more about their project:\u00a0<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8216;We got to the point that we had inputted key information about the planets of our solar system and you could travel between them to learn more about them. There are different ways of interacting to this &#8211; actions (i.e. look around, look up) and commands (tell me about the distance to the sun). It\u2019s interesting to explore how they can be combined to create an immersive story and factual details.&#8217;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>For this team, it was their sole project and the idea developed at pace. User testing as they went along, they were able to create something not only technically solid but more experiential. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/entertainment\/archive\/2015\/04\/podcast-brain-why-do-audio-stories-captivate\/389925\/\" target=\"_blank\">The power of audio storytelling is well established<\/a>, but what impact could something like this have for children&#8217;s learning and imagination? Where this sort of storytelling overlaps with the rise in conversational UIs is still to be seen.\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Our final team proved overly ambitious with their first idea. The intention was <strong>to create a bot companion to Moodnotes<\/strong> \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/ustwo.com\/what-we-do\/moodnotes\" target=\"_blank\">a CBT journaling app developed by ustwo and Thriveport<\/a> \u2013 which you could converse with about how you&#8217;re feeling and it could help track your mood as well as offer prompts and advice. However, the technology we have just wasn\u2019t advanced enough to bring the idea to life \u2013 \u00a0at this stage we had to see the bot as a machine that receives commands rather than being capable of the deeper conversation necessary to make this work.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Instead, the team went back to the drawing board, deciding to look at how this technology can make our digital lives more seamless, and less cluttered, with their bot <strong>Peter Peterson<\/strong>. Upon request, this bot delivered a reading list of curated content to your inbox based on a keyword or phrase \u2013 \u00a0\u2018I want to learn about the Vietnam War\u2019, \u2018Tell me about dog breeds\u2019, \u2018I want to start transcendental meditation \u2013 where do I start?\u2019 and so on. This is an interesting proposition considering the value that conversational UIs could have in creating a more connected digital experience which looks beyond an <a href=\"https:\/\/chatbotsmagazine.com\/the-future-of-ui-bots-conversation-voice-zero-ui-and-the-end-of-the-mobile-apps-defa5dcc09f5\" target=\"_blank\">\u2018app-centric\u2019 approach<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Our final project was meant to solve something for the whole studio \u2013 the idea was to create <strong>FAMbot<\/strong>. FAM is our weekly Friday afternoon meeting and because there are always people working remotely we share a live stream. Setting up the live stream is always a bit hit and miss, so the goal was to set up a simple voice command \u2013 \u2018Start streaming FAM\u2019 \u2013 that would set up the projector, the streaming, the audio and post links to Slack in one fell swoop. This use case threw up a complex tech challenge. Both Amazon Alexa and Google Home bots and voice triggers run in the cloud\u2013 and have to be exposed to the internet. With FAMbot, that wasn\u2019t an option, so after some lateral thinking, we found a solution where we could still use voice triggers in a more secure way. This involved setting up an additional server which was exposed to Google Home and using WebSockets to trigger the streaming server.\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>A big part of the hackathon was about giving us a chance to understand how to build for this technology. In part, that was about skilling-up but we also wanted to understand what the current scope and shortcoming are. Paradoxically, our teams faced both frustrations of getting off the ground as well as not being able to take concepts far enough \u2013 a potent combination for any developer.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Creating chatbots is more accessible than ever due a wide range of tools and frameworks from Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. We felt that by leveraging these tools we could concentrate on testing out our hypotheses far quicker and avoid getting bogged down in start-up difficulties. However, we quickly realised these tools had their limitations \u2013 as <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/SachseInTheCity\" target=\"_blank\">Nelson<\/a>, a developer at ustwo, explains \u2018It\u2019s a new technology, the documentation available falls into the easy tutorial or quick setup of a sample project but creating more complex solutions requires more knowledge of the platform and documentation \u2013 something that I don\u2019t think was very well presented or even developed.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>There were also obvious differences when it came to getting started on the devices. The one team using Alexa were able to get off the ground running relatively quickly. In part, this was due to the work that was done prior to the experiment to make sure Alexa development would work without any headaches \u2013 if we&#8217;d not sorted out <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">AWS<\/a> before then progress would be much slower. We had to arrange the Google Home equivalents on the day as we learned about requirements, slowing down our progress. Additionally, the Alexa facts example provided a great starting point for The Mission app where as Api.ai had very limited examples of bots that had similar back-end logic to the other projects so there was more to get our heads round in those early stages.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Once these basics were mastered, the runway they provided still proved too short to get some of the more ambitious features off the ground. Some of these limitations were centered around api.ai. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jamislike\" target=\"_blank\">Jamaine<\/a>, one of the developers who worked on Google Home, explains:\u00a0<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In attempting to simplify the process of making your own bot, the api.ai website can sometimes seem a little obtuse. In order to do straightforward tasks you are able to do everything on the website and push to your device when ready to test.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>However, for more complex and conversational style bots, you need a backend web service to process the user\u2019s data. The api.ai website only allows you to provide one endpoint which is called for all intents, this means the backend must filter to figure out which intent it has received from the Google Home. In general getting the backend up running and figuring out what was meant to happen when \u2013 was a massive time drain.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>You must define your intents (things you expect the user to say) on api.ai, and then provide parameters (keywords or values from the sentence you expected). While this works very well, it also limits you to working with explicitly set or predefined sentences.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The group working on Amazon\u2019s Alexa had similar challenges &#8211; the sophistication and complexity just isn\u2019t there yet:\u00a0<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The way the architecture works is by segmenting it in 2 part layer: Alexa interface communication (the device itself that will interpret our requests) and the business logic layer (where we request to execute the command). To assimilate how it works was easy, but to implement changes in the projects sometimes required us to make changes in both locations \u2013 the files hosted in the Alexa developer website and the files of the functions that are hosted in a <a href=\"http:\/\/docs.aws.amazon.com\/lambda\/latest\/dg\/welcome.html\" target=\"_blank\">lambda in AWS<\/a>. That\u2019s quite time consuming and it made us more vulnerable to human error.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>For many of those involved, this experiment made clear what still needs to be done. For resident data scientist <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/yasirekinci\" target=\"_blank\">Yasir<\/a>\u00a0 \u2018the tech isn\u2019t there yet for proper smart chatbots. Chatbots only work in certain boxed environments, since Natural Language Processing isn\u2019t advanced enough to exactly figure out what you mean when you say a sentence.\u2019 Language is subjective and depends heavily on context and personal experience. As the machines only have access to your spoken words, there are often huge gaps and discrepancies in its understanding of human speech.\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>The hackathon was also a great opportunity to see how multidisciplinary teams will work in this new space. Often new tech is just seen as something for devs to explore but the rise of voice assistants, chatbots and non-visual interfaces more generally, presents some interesting challenges for designers \u2013 most of whom have primarily learned their craft through designing for screens. With these mediums even more consideration needs to be paid to elements like sound design, narrative design, storyboarding and, of course, user-experience.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly the teams \u2013 which included designers and product leads \u2013 realised the importance of user testing at an early stage. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/_chrispritchard\" target=\"_blank\">Chris<\/a>, an ustwo developer,\u00a0expands on their motivations for testing <strong>The Mission<\/strong> with people around the studio:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>We wanted to see what kind of questions users would ask \u2013 prompted and unprompted. We learnt a lot from these sessions. It\u2019s easy to forget just how many different ways of asking for the same thing there are. Some people were polite, some gave commands, some asked open ended questions. We needed to make sure we covered as many eventualities as possible and after every user test we plugged some gaps and covered just a little bit more each time.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The team see the next step as testing and validating<strong> The Mission<\/strong> outside the studio with its intended audience, young people. With this testing, it will be possible to get a better understanding of what ages they should be aiming this product at \u2013 something they were unable to explore within the hackathon itself.\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>For us, our experimentation has only crystallised how far there is to go with chatbots and voice assistants. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.electronicsweekly.com\/news\/design\/communications\/speech-recognition-hits-95-accuracy-2004-10\/\" target=\"_blank\">Speech Recognition Technology has improved vastly<\/a>, but Natural Language Processing needs to be more sophisticated to make our interaction with chatbots feel human. There are also limitations when it comes to the complexity of what can be built \u2013 including how long it actually takes to build something \u2013 and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/us\/en\/pages\/technology-media-and-telecommunications\/articles\/artificial-intelligence-disruption.html\" target=\"_blank\">prospect of Smart, self-learning bots being widely and commercially available is still a few years away<\/a>. Whilst at points we grumbled at these realities, we\u2019re still very excited about where it can be pushed next \u2013 and still refusing to lose sight of those sci-fi fantasies. As <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DanielMallcott\">Daniel<\/a>, an Android developer at ustwo, put it \u2018I want to push this technology to a point where we can have conversations with an AI. I want my own Jarvis. I know it\u2019s possible, it\u2019s only a matter of time.\u2019\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>But the beauty of this technology is both in its versatility as well as how fast it is progressing. Already, conversational UIs are making digital environments, products and services more accessible \u2013 the value of voice assistants for blind people, the elderly, young children and people whose use of visual interfaces is impaired more generally cannot be overlooked.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In a more commercial sense, there are a wealth of ways this sort of technology can be deployed to save time, save money and improve user-experience. The vast amount of options that each team generated during their ideation phase went someway to demonstrating the amount of ways this technology could be used \u2013 and used well. There are still so many untapped use cases that would have an immediate and valuable impact. Can you automate customer support with a bot? Can you use it to make information more transparent? Can you help more people access your service? Can you help people access your service whilst on the go? Is there an opportunity to grow your voice and brand?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Even from our three-day experiment, we have come close to creating a viable product with <strong>The Mission<\/strong> and overcome some big tech hurdles to build a bot that securely automates part of our studio setup. This experience gave us a real taste of the potential of chatbots in both functional and experiential use cases and we look forward to the next phase of our discovery.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>Special thanks to everyone who took part and organised the event:\u00a0Yasir, Jamaine, Daniel, Narges, Claudia, Kevin, Nelson, Chris, Mark, Marley, Jarek and Jack.<\/em><\/p>\n",
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"rendered": "<p>On 10th November last year, the women in our London studio walked out at 3.34pm to support Equal Pay Day, a collective action against the gender pay gap. This time represents when women effectively stop earning compared to men, based on yearly earnings and the national gender pay gap of 18%. Back in November, ustwo\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n"
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"value": "<p>On 10th November last year, the <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ustwo\/status\/796747357429891074\" target=\"_blank\">women in our London studio walked out at 3.34pm to support Equal Pay Day<\/a>, a collective action against the gender pay gap. This time represents when women effectively stop earning compared to men, based on yearly earnings and the national gender pay gap of 18%. Back in November, ustwo\u2019s pay gap stood at 9% \u2013 supporting this protest was an opportunity for the studio to join the wider stand against the pay gap as well as to reflect on what we were doing as a studio to address it.<\/p>\n<p>In the UK there are many causes for the gap: discrimination, lack of affordable childcare, in-flexible working, the proliferation of zero-hour contracts, segregation of labour markets, caring (be that children or elderly relatives for example) duties primarily falling on women and the inherent undervaluing of women&#8217;s work. All of this is underscored by the persistence of imbalanced, gendered attitudes towards family responsibilities \u2013 both across our workplaces and within our homes.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Currently, we\u2019re looking at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2016\/nov\/10\/women-working-for-free-until-2017-equal-pay-gender-pay-gap-fawcett-society\" target=\"_blank\">another 60 years before the gender pay gap in the UK is closed<\/a>. So what can we, and the rest of our industry, do to hasten the pace?<\/p>\n<p>At ustwo London, we\u2019re well aware that we have fewer women in our senior and lead roles. Unlike blatant discrimination \u2013 someone being paid less for the same job based on their gender \u2013 this is a much more elusive beast to tackle. Blame the pipeline, blame circumstance, blame legacy, blame experience. However we look at it, we still have a problem with women, on average, not having access to the same higher-paying roles.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>That is not to say there hasn\u2019t been improvement, and we are moving forward \u2013 but it does mean we have work left to do. On a day where over <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2017-04-05\/thousands-of-u-k-firms-begin-publishing-gender-pay-gap-figures\" target=\"_blank\">9,000 employers in the UK need to publish annual figures relating to their gender pay gap and bonus gap<\/a>, we\u2019re pleased, but not complacent, about sharing that in our London studio our gender pay gap is currently 3.5%.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Below we\u2019re sharing further statistics following the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/gender-pay-gap-reporting-overview\" target=\"_blank\"> legally mandated method of reporting<\/a>:<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>As the data shows, we have made a clear progression since March 2016 when we had a pay gap of 13% \u2013 and it wasn\u2019t by chance. Here\u2019s what we have done so far to close the gap:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>We\u2019re starting to tackle our hiring pipeline problem by introducing 50\/50 short-lists for new roles \u2013 and as a result have hired a female Head of Engineering who will be starting in June. We also now ask our recruiters to commit to ensuring 50% of their candidate introductions are from underrepresented groups.<\/li>\n<li>Our London leadership team now consists of three women and two men; <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/helinka?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Helen Fuchs<\/a> joined as our Design Director in February this year.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>We\u2019ve rolled out progression frameworks for our coaching, design and development disciplines, enabling equal access to progression. Everyone at ustwo has a peer coach, as well as their manager, who supports them in achieving their progression goals.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>We\u2019ve introduced more regular salary reviews, giving everyone an opportunity to talk about the impact they\u2019re making with their role, the team they work with, and the business as a whole. Statistics show that certain types of people feel more comfortable in these situations \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/hbr.org\/2014\/06\/why-women-dont-negotiate-their-job-offers\" target=\"_blank\">women, for example, are less likely to negotiate their pay and face a higher \u2018social cost\u2019 in doing so<\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/ustwo\/family-before-fampany-9d83f4f7a47e\" target=\"_blank\">We\u2019ve also introduced equal paid parental leave<\/a> \u2013 both men and women will have access to 6 months of fully paid leave. We\u2019re not asking women to lean in, we\u2019re creating the circumstances for both men and women to take time out to be parents, and will support the career progression of either parent when they return to work.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>So it&#8217;s progress, but we can\u2019t stop there \u2013 a gender pay gap of 3.5% is still a gap\u00a0and needs to be addressed.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>These are our next steps:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>We will create a progression framework for all the business supporting roles.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>We will trial a leadership training course for all who are under-represented at ustwo.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>We will focus on getting smarter about flexible working \u2013 no small feat in a client services business when understandably clients can assume team members will be available every day of the week.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>We\u2019ll examine how we could make term-time working possible for parents in the studio.<\/li>\n<li>We\u2019re committed to finding the most transparent salary framework, appropriate for our studio.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As we look forward to how we can continue to improve on this count, we welcome feedback from others in our industry about concrete steps they\u2019re taking to close the gender pay gap.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This post has been co-written by People Lead Laura and acting Managing Director Nicki. You can contact either of them to further this conversation: nicki@ustwo.com and laura@ustwo.com.\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>With the advent of Android Wear 2.0 and the new features it brings to the table \u2014 a standalone Play store and the Complications API, to name exactly two \u2014 Google hopes to put more smartwatches on presently dumb wrists. This endeavor requires Wear developers, novice and seasoned alike, creating 2.0-targeted apps and eye-catching watch faces. To help get these movers and shakers moving and shaking, Google has provided code lessons in its <a href=\"https:\/\/developer.android.com\/training\/wearables\/watch-faces\/index.html\">developers portal<\/a> as well as an example watch face template in Android Studio in addition to the many watch face tutorials already online. With such a vast wealth of resources available to help you publish an Android watch face, why do you need this article?<\/p>\n<p>Well, you don\u2019t. You can readily compile and run Google\u2019s watch face template and see a working example on your emulator, taking for granted the math code already written for you with which to plug and play your own bitmaps and renders. But you\u2019re a pedant. You\u2019re mentally and emotionally unable to ignore lines of code that you don\u2019t understand. And you know that if you want to take full advantage of a Wear canvas, you\u2019ll eventually have to look that code in the eye and tell it you\u2019re the boss around here. Other resources skip over explaining the math portion of watch face development. This post fills in those gaps.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>The circle. Just what is a circle? No one knows. But it looks eerily similar to the surface of many a watch face \u2014 not a coincidence, as new smartwatch players like Michael Kors and Fossil seem to be putting more of the rounded displays on the market instead of square ones. So capitalism demands we understand a few things about the circle if we\u2019re to translate its magic into code.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Picture a circular watch in your head. Or maybe you\u2019re wearing one right now. Take a look at it. Don\u2019t be scared. Are there the numbers 1 through 12? Are they the same distance from each other? Perhaps there\u2019s a hand that indicates the current time in seconds. Does it appear to move the same distance every second? But these distances are different from one where you walk a straight line from where you are to the door. These distances are measured by points along circle.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11195 size-small_crop\" src=\"https:\/\/usweb-cdn.ustwo.com\/ustwo-production\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Ustwo_Math2_Daigram_170327_1-640x480.png\" alt=\"Ustwo_Math2_Daigram_170327_1\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Picture another circular watch twice the size as the first. We could choose to notice that the distance between the 1 and the 2 has doubled. But imagine a line from the center of the watch to the 1. Then imagine another line from the center to the 2. That angle (the symbol \u03b8, called \u201ctheta\u201d) between the two lines? It\u2019s exactly the same, whether you\u2019re looking at the small watch or the one twice as large. If we just work with that angle and not even care about the distance between points on a circle, we have a simple foundation for ticking a hand between hours or minutes or seconds no matter the size of the watch.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter size-small_crop wp-image-11198\" src=\"https:\/\/usweb-cdn.ustwo.com\/ustwo-production\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Ustwo_Math2_Daigram_170327_3-640x480.png\" alt=\"Ustwo_Math2_Daigram_170327_3\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>So how about those lines from the center to a point on the circle? That\u2019s the radius. Now imagine a distance along the circle (r in the diagram above) that\u2019s the same length as the radius (also r, since they\u2019re equal). Or rather, imagine if the distance traveled to get from 1 to 2 is the same length as the line from the center to 1. The angle created in that situation is measured as one radian. How many of these radians would you need if you wanted to travel the total length of a circle? You could draw it out by yourself, you curious cat, or you could just believe mathematicians when they tell you that you would need exactly 2 * \u03c0 radians, where \u03c0 is a number close to 3.14, as you hopefully remember. This all means that the angle in radians between 12 o\u2019clock and 3 o\u2019clock is exactly \u03c0 \/ 2; between 12 o\u2019clock and 6 o\u2019clock exactly \u03c0; between 12 o\u2019clock and 9 o\u2019clock exactly (3 * \u03c0) \/ 2; and the angle of a complete rotation is 2\u03c0 radians.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Another thing you may remember: right triangles! Recall that a right triangle is a special triangle where one angle measures 90 degrees. Why do we care about this? Let\u2019s look again at those lines pointing from the center to one of the hours on a watch face. What if we gave those lines a reason for being? What if we gave those lines purpose? What if those lines were the hour, minute, and second hands? Useful! And metaphysical. Gottfried Leibniz would be proud.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter size-small_crop wp-image-11197\" src=\"https:\/\/usweb-cdn.ustwo.com\/ustwo-production\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Ustwo_Math2_Daigram_170327_21-640x480.png\" alt=\"Ustwo_Math2_Daigram_170327_2\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Let\u2019s take an hour hand that points to 1 o\u2019clock. You can see that a right triangle can be formed with one side on an imaginary x-axis and another parallel to a y-axis. The hypotenuse is then the length of the hand. The endpoint of the hand can be described by an (x, y) ordered pair comprising of its position along the x-axis and its position along the y-axis.<\/p>\n<p>How do we get these x and y values? Do you remember <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathsisfun.com\/algebra\/sohcahtoa.html\">SOHCAHTOA<\/a>? That mnemonic abomination helps us vaguely remember that sin(\u03b8) = opposite \/ hypotenuse and cos(\u03b8) = adjacent \/ hypotenuse. So if we know the length of the hour hand (the hypotenuse), we also know that the length of the opposite side is sin(\u03b8) * hypotenuse and that the length of the adjacent side is cos(\u03b8) * hypotenuse. The (x, y) pair of the endpoint is then just (length of adjacent, length of opposite). Remember these equations, as they will come in handy once you look at how Android draws bitmaps on a Canvas object. Which leads us finally to\u2026<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Let\u2019s take the actual code examples Google gives us and decipher the math they don\u2019t bother to explain.<\/p>\n<p>First up, if you\u2019ve been to the Google Developers Drawing Watch Faces lesson, in the example onDraw() method you may have seen this:<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>So to draw the second hand, you first need to get its angle of rotation, designated by the variable <em>secRot<\/em> in this example. Finding the rotation is simply a matter of finding how much of a pizza pie you want to eat, where our pizza is cut up into an insane 60 slices. Pointing to 4 o\u2019clock? Our current time must be 20 seconds, or 20 slices. So 20 \/ 60, or a ratio of 1 \/ 3. But one-third of what? The population of Newfoundland? Close. One-third the angle of rotating in a complete circle! So multiply 1 \/ 3 by 2\u03c0 and we have our rotation in radians if we want our second hand to point towards 4 o\u2019clock.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s nearly the same deal for our minute and hour hands, but if you look closely at the variable called <em>minutes<\/em>, you\u2019ll see that it\u2019s not simply based on the current time in minutes. There\u2019s also some fraction dealing with the current time in seconds. This extra code is needed because the minute and hour hands on a watch face don\u2019t actually point exactly at the current minute and hour unless it\u2019s that exact time. If the time were, say, 6:30:30, the hour hand would point halfway between 6 and 7, and the minute hand halfway between 30 and 31, since we\u2019re at 30 seconds. You can involve milliseconds if you want the second hand to smoothly sweep around the circle, or ignore them if you just need hard ticks.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Now that we have our angle of rotation for the second hand, we can draw the bad boy. What information do we need to draw a bad boy? On a sheet of graph paper, we just need the starting point and the ending point, where each point is an (x, y) ordered pair. Android\u2019s drawLine() method (as seen above) requires the starting point along the x-axis, the starting point along the y-axis, the x-axis endpoint, the y-axis endpoint, and a Paint object (if we want one). Finally, our SOHCAHTOA comes into play. We take the variable <em>secLength<\/em> as the hypotenuse of the second hand, and then we recall from the previous section that cos(secRot) * secLength gets us the x-coordinate and sin(secRot) * secLength the y-coordinate, exactly like the example abo\u2014 WAIT A MINUTE. WHAT. THAT\u2019S NOT WHAT IT SAYS AT ALL. MATH IS A LIE. SOYLENT GREEN IS PEOPLE.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Why is Android saying that our x-coordinate is sin(\u03b8) * length and our y-coordinate is some sort of negative number nonsense when it was clearly and eloquently established in the section prior how to arrive at these calculations? Well, the exercise we did before involved a Cartesian coordinate system where the the x-axis points towards 3 o\u2019clock and the y-axis towards 12 o\u2019clock. But in such a coordinate plane, if our angle of rotation is zero, then we\u2019re drawing a line right on top of the x-axis! In such a coordinate plane, if we have angles of rotations that we expect to point at 12:00:00, in actuality, all our hands would point at 3 o\u2019clock!<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>For watch faces, our angles of rotation need to be calculated with respect to an axis pointing towards 12 o\u2019clock. This variation means that whatever value of \u03b8 we want needs to be translated counterclockwise around the plane by 90 degrees so that we can keep our mindset in terms of how a watch looks and behaves (our starting point is 12 o\u2019clock and NOT 3 thank you very much). Thankfully, mathematicians have already determined a set of trigonometric identities to help us with our dilemma. Sly dogs, they.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>First, recall the original bad boys to get the (x, y) ordered pair of the endpoint of a line:<\/p>\n<p>x = cos(\u03b8) * hypotenuse<\/p>\n<p>y = sin(\u03b8) * hypotenuse<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>For subtracting an angle by a certain value, we can use the trigonometric identities:<\/p>\n<p>cos(\u03b1 \u2013 \u03b2) = cos(\u03b1) * cos(\u03b2) + sin(\u03b1) * sin(\u03b2)<\/p>\n<p>sin(\u03b1 \u2013 \u03b2) = sin(\u03b1) * cos(\u03b2) \u2013 cos(\u03b1) * sin(\u03b2)<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We want to subtract by 90 degrees, so we then have:<\/p>\n<p>cos(\u03b8 \u2013 90\u00b0) = cos(\u03b8) * cos(90\u00b0) + sin(\u03b8) * sin(90\u00b0)<\/p>\n<p>sin(\u03b8 \u2013 90\u00b0) = sin(\u03b8) * cos(90\u00b0) \u2013 cos(\u03b8) * sin(90\u00b0)<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Hopefully you also remember your sine and cosine curves? If you do, you know that at 90\u00b0, the value of the cosine function is 0 and the value of the sine function is 1. Plugging in these bad boys gets us:<\/p>\n<p>cos(\u03b8 \u2013 90\u00b0) = cos(\u03b8) * 0 + sin(\u03b8) * 1 = sin(\u03b8)<\/p>\n<p>sin(\u03b8 \u2013 90\u00b0) = sin(\u03b8) * 0 \u2013 cos(\u03b8) * 1 = \u2013cos(\u03b8)<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Which is precisely the equation set that Google gives us in their code examples:<\/p>\n<p>xTranslated = cos(\u03b8 \u2013 90\u00b0) * hypotenuse = sin(\u03b8) * hypotenuse<\/p>\n<p>yTranslated = sin(\u03b8 \u2013 90\u00b0) * hypotenuse = \u2013cos(\u03b8) * hypotenuse<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p><div id=\"attachment_11199\" style=\"width: 442px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/math-fail.com\/2013\/12\/cartesian-bear.html\"><img class=\"wp-image-11199\" src=\"https:\/\/usweb-cdn.ustwo.com\/ustwo-production\/uploads\/2017\/03\/bears-300x185.jpg\" alt=\"bears\" width=\"432\" height=\"266\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>The two types of bears<\/center><\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Well, now you know how it all goes down. With this basic foundation, you can math your way into any watch face you can imagine. Maybe you want to animate tracing out some hella dope, hella arbitrary shape. If you already have the dope shape\u2019s dope equation in polar form (i.e. you see angles and sines and cosines), terrific! You should then be able to identify x and y positions at any given moment in time (based on your <em>secRot<\/em>, <em>minRot<\/em>, and <em>hrRot<\/em> variables, if you\u2019re following Google\u2019s practice as shown previously). \u00a0However, if your equation involves Cartesian coordinates (i.e. strictly based on x and y positions), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mathsisfun.com\/polar-cartesian-coordinates.html\">you can convert it to a polar one<\/a> so you can continue to think in terms of angles of rotation, watch face style.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_11200\" style=\"width: 467px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wolframalpha.com\/input\/?i=Plot+x%5E2%2B(%5Cfrac%7B5y%7D%7B4%7D-%5Csqrt%7B%7Cx%7C%7D)%5E2%3D1\"><img class=\"wp-image-11200 size-small\" src=\"https:\/\/usweb-cdn.ustwo.com\/ustwo-production\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Screen-Shot-2017-03-30-at-3.29.07-PM-457x480.png\" alt=\"Wolfram|Alpha Heart Shape\" width=\"457\" height=\"480\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center>Wolfram|Alpha Heart Shape<\/center><\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>But it doesn\u2019t end there! Here are all the cool things you can do now that you know watch face math:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Make watch faces<\/li>\n<li>That\u2019s it<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>So get out there and be not fun at parties!<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>The advent of Electric Vehicles has brought a myriad of benefits to the consumers that drive them, the cities that host them and the environment. Pedestrians seem to be the only ones caught in the crossroads, as the lack of an engine sound in said vehicles has proven to be an ever-growing risk for the people around it.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>With new regulations set to kick in in 2019, it&#8217;s time for the auto and technology industry to seize the opportunity to put pedestrian safety first via a smarter, more meaningful use of sound, rather than defaulting on replicating motor or the already out-of-date combustion engine sound.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>By using increasingly available data from sensors, as well as shifting the focus on pedestrian&#8217;s needs, a team at ustwo New York has explored different auditory concepts to communicate risk to pedestrians, with the goal of creating a safer relationship between them and the cars of the future.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Electric Vehicles (EVs) are increasingly becoming a common sight in roads and cities around the world. EV sales <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/rrapier\/2017\/02\/05\/u-s-electric-vehicle-sales-soared-in-2016\/#7af523a753a7\">grew by 41% globally in 2016<\/a>, and their prominence on roads is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/features\/2016-ev-oil-crisis\/\">projected to grow exponentially<\/a> in the following decades. The benefits these vehicles are bringing to society are many, for example the reduction in CO2 emissions and better fuel economy; but there\u2019s one important issue on which the spotlight has been growing for quite some time: EVs lack discernable sound when they\u2019re operational due to the absence of a combustion engine.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Although this might be a positive aspect of EVs for many (in the form of less noise pollution), it has become an increasingly dangerous factor for pedestrians, especially cyclists and visually impaired persons. <a href=\"https:\/\/crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Api\/Public\/ViewPublication\/811526\">A 2011 study<\/a> by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) shows that hybrid and EVs are 37% more likely to cause accidents involving pedestrians, and 57% more likely to cause accidents involving cyclists.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This leaves us with the problem we face today: With a lack of engine sound, pedestrians are having an increasingly difficult time knowing when electric vehicles are near, which results in an inability to recognize and prevent dangerous situations.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>In order to address this issue, several countries have passed regulations and guidelines which mandate that all EVs must emit a form of sound when driving at slower speeds (this is not an issue at higher speeds, as the sound of wind and tires is present). In the United States, the NHTSA <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhtsa.gov\/press-releases\/nhtsa-sets-quiet-car-safety-standard-protect-pedestrians\">recently passed a rule<\/a> that brings the same sound requirements to \u201call hybrid and electric light vehicles with four wheels&#8230;traveling in reverse or forward at speeds up to 30 kilometers per hour (about 19 miles per hour)\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Auto manufacturers are already hard at work adding digital sounds that replicate an engine noise, usually through the use of external speakers, in order to comply with this rule when it becomes active in 2019. This approach uses a well-established idea that the revving sounds of an engine communicates danger, and car OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are taking advantage of this to increase the safety proposition for EVs and, in some cases, keep a familiar \u201cthrill\u201d that speaks to their brand style and proposition.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Considering that this law was passed to directly address and improve pedestrian safety, we asked ourselves: is this approach the best approach to solve this issue? The increasing use of technology inside and outside the car is quickly opening up possibilities and features never seen before in vehicles, such as autonomous driving and collision avoidance capabilities. These new systems are taking advantage of sensory data to make better, more informed decisions when it comes to safety.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>At ustwo, we\u2019re driven by constant exploration and experimentation to address current issues that have a meaningful impact on people\u2019s lives. Our user-centered, research-backed focus, as well as our deep passion to build, test, and validate our ideas, serve as a great platform to explore a different approach for the future of external vehicular sounds.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Realizing the potential a smarter use of sound has to dramatically improve pedestrian safety, accentuated by a collaboration with music and sound experts Man Made Music on the possibilities of the medium, has led us to an exciting challenge that our team is all too eager to tackle head-on.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Simply put, we believe there is an opportunity to rethink the role of electric vehicle sounds when it comes to car\/pedestrian interactions.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In this post, we aim to look at current solutions being implemented by OEMs, discuss our perspective on what the future could look like for external vehicle sound, walk you through our experiments with possibilities, and share our experiments and observations from the project.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>In order for us to look at the opportunities of using new types of external vehicular sounds to improve pedestrian safety, we believe it&#8217;s important to look at how auto manufacturers are currently tackling this issue for EVs.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Auto OEMs have been working on this problem since the late 2000s, just prior to the first commercial wave of EVs launching and initial concerns of pedestrian safety were starting to appear. One of the first examples of a solution was the Nissan Leaf\u2019s VSP System. This model came with 2 distinct sounds; an \u201celectric motor\u201d type of sound for when the car is accelerating forwards, and an \u201cintermittent\u201d, beeping-type of sound for reversing.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Since then, car manufacturers like Renault and Fisker Automotive (now Karma Automotive) have followed suit by creating external sounds which attempt to replicate the sound of an engine or motor. Using this approach as a starting point, OEMs are now \u201cdesigning\u201d these emitted sounds to be a representation of their brand, as we can see Audi doing in this video:<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Since most car manufacturers are choosing this particular route as the preferred solution to address pedestrian-related safety concerns, let\u2019s take a closer look at engine-like sounds and how they\u2019re used.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Internal combustion engines have been used to power vehicles for more than a century. This has resulted in car-related engine noises to become deeply ingrained in modern culture and people\u2019s everyday lives, and serves as the primary benefit of keeping them for future vehicles: They\u2019re already familiar to pedestrians. With engine sounds, there\u2019s nothing new to learn; the approaching, ever-increasing sound of an engine communicates that a vehicle is getting closer to one\u2019s location. This has become the clearest representation of danger we can get from a moving vehicle, and one of the primary ways pedestrians gauge their level of safety in relation to it. Currently, OEMs are using this well-established convention as one of the reasons to carry over engine-like sound to modern EVs.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to alerting pedestrians about vehicle-centric danger, another common sound source is the horn. Horn sounds usually serve as a clear, straightforward method to communicate potential danger to unsuspecting pedestrians nearby. Along with engine sounds, they\u2019re also a familiar staple in modern city soundscapes.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Although engine and horn noises are the most common ways a vehicle can communicate safety-related messaging through sound to pedestrians, we start running into issues if we want to have a deeper understanding of the situation and the level of risk a pedestrian is actually in. Engine noises help us, at best, to make estimations on where the car is in relationship to us and how fast the car is moving, while a horn has both a lack of clear message (Do I get out of the way or do I stop moving?) and a clear recipient (Are you honking at me or someone else?). The truth is, both methods could greatly benefit from the additional amounts of information that cars are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tiwVMrTLUWg&amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;t=7m45s\">starting to gather<\/a> (such as pedestrian and vehicle recognition, projected paths, road conditions, amongst others) as a result of the auto industry\u2019s focus on autonomous driving in order to enhance pedestrian safety. Additional issues arise when we take into consideration the large amounts of noise pollution caused by the myriad of cars driving in and around cities.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, we come to the ever-increasing reality that combustion engines are slowly becoming dated technology. Is replicating the sounds of the past the right way to go, or should we be innovating? Kevin Harper, our VR Engineer on the project, put it like this:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Recreating and adding a combustion engine sound to electric vehicles is like adding a horse&#8217;s neigh to the first cars ever made!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Although a bit hyperbolic, this statement contains some interesting points. Engine sounds are a result of the internal mechanics of combustion engines. If current vehicles (and the vehicles of the future) are starting to be powered by clean energy and ditching combustion engines altogether, should we be using a soon-to-be-legacy sound as the ideal solution to this problem?<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>At ustwo, we believe that this technological juncture, where EV and autonomous cars are increasingly gaining ground into the mainstream, is the perfect opportunity to question these ways of thought and look at this problem from a different perspective:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>What are internal combustion engine sounds actually trying to communicate in a vehicle\/pedestrian context?\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>What information is actually useful for people to receive from vehicles around them when walking or cycling through the streets?\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>With new vehicle technology becoming increasingly more available, is an engine-like type of sound the best approach to communicate risk?\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Is there a more modern, user-centric approach we can explore?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n",
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"value": "<p>As with any new automotive-related projects we delve into, we started by conducting initial research that would guide us in understanding all aspects that are relevant to vehicle sounds. This challenge in particular spreads across many different intersecting fields. Among those, we can find:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Automotive branding:<\/strong> all vehicle-emitted sounds are <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cKSmr9gW8dE\">carefully considered<\/a> to embody an OEM\u2019s brand characteristics and legacy. There is a major opportunity for safety-related sounds to follow suit.<\/li>\n<li><b>Urban soundscapes and population well-being: <\/b>adding (or removing) any sound to an urban soundscape has the potential to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2016\/03\/how-urban-noise-impacts-residents-health\/471465\/\">impact cities<\/a> in both positive and negative ways. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/2013\/08\/25\/designing-the-urban-soundscape\/\">Modifying an established soundscape<\/a> should aim to reduce noise pollution, support human health and create better cities for its inhabitants.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sound Design:<\/strong> sounds can be an effective way to communicate information to its recipients. New external vehicular sounds <a href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/205195\/listen-to-the-fake-sounds-that-could-keep-electric-vehicles-from-hitting-people\/\">have an opportunity<\/a> to communicate more to people around them.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Any new concepts or ideas for vehicle-related sounds will both draw insights from, and impact, all of the fields mentioned above.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In addition to constant research, we involved field experts to add a grounded perspective throughout the process, as well as to gather input to our thinking and initial ideas. One of these experts was <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mtu.edu\/cls\/department\/people\/faculty-allied\/jeon\/\">Myounghoon &#8220;Philart&#8221; Jeon<\/a>, Professor at the Department of Cognitive and Learning Sciences and Department of Computer Science at Michigan Tech University. Professor Jeon is also Director at Mind Music Lab, a transdisciplinary research group within the university.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We spoke with <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.warwick.ac.uk\/fac\/sci\/wmg\/people\/profile\/?wmgid=125\">Professor Jeon<\/a> during the initial weeks of the project, and he shared his belief that safety has priority over the brand side when designing external vehicle sounds. Moreover, he proposed that there is an opportunity for these sounds to \u201cprovide some information on what the car is doing.\u201d During our interview, he elaborated on his perspective:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>When we design [automotive] sound, we need to balance between traditional safety and usability vs aesthetics and brand language. For this case specifically, safety may have priority over the other aspects, because [vehicle vs human] is a really critical point.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Professor Myounghoon Jeon<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We also spoke with Paul Jennings, Professor in WMG, University of Warwick, and asked about his thoughts on the current solutions implemented by car manufacturers. Speaking about the impact of keeping engine-like sounds would have on cities, he mentions that the opportunity to reduce noise pollution is an important one to consider:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;When you think about it from a soundscape perspective, [it would mean] that the future soundscape would be identical to the current one. That seems to be a big disappointment, because the chance to\u2026 reduce the adverse effect of traffic noise seems to be a great one.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Professor Paul Jennings<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Using what we learned over our initial round of research, as well as the input from our expert interviews, we created a principles pyramid that covers the 3 key aspects we identified to be important to consider during this project:<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Even though all three aspects are of high importance, our research led us to prioritize them based on current impact on the population\u2019s needs. More specifically:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Safety of Pedestrians\/Drivers:<\/strong> Safety is the fundamental aspect external vehicle sounds should focus on. Any type of audio system should take advantage of all sensory data available to them in order to decrease any potential risks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Minimizing Sound Pollution:<\/strong> With the advent of EVs, we believe we are at a crossroads where we can shape future city soundscapes to become more pleasant and less convoluted with traffic-related noise. Considering how <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_effects_from_noise\">noise pollution impacts human health<\/a>, we believe is an important aspect to consider.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Brand Expression:<\/strong> Even though we\u2019re big fans of using sound design as an important way for car manufacturers to create stronger and more exciting relationships with their customers, we believe that external vehicular sounds should support the wellbeing of people and the environment, first and foremost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In addition to these key aspects, we believe that taking advantage of as much data and information as we can gather from the cameras and sensors included in vehicles is a vital opportunity that\u2019s not to be overlooked. This is particularly important, as the number of sensors being added to cars is constantly increasing. Professor Jennings weighs in on this topic, stating that since \u201cthe capability of sensing technology is improving so quickly, it might be more sensible to consider using it to help assess risk. That risk is important.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>While we were developing our initial perspectives on this topic, we knew that understanding the role of sound within this issue was paramount. We reached out to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.manmademusic.com\/\">Man Made Music<\/a> to give us their thoughts on the opportunities and challenges of sound within the pedestrian\/vehicle context.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s important that we build on what\u2019s intuitive\u201d, said Joel Beckerman, Founder of the New York City-based strategic music and sound studio. \u201cAs human beings, we are wired for sound, and we count on it in our daily lives to help us learn, navigate experiences, and connect with the world. I refer to this as Sonic Humanism.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As we started diving deeper and gathering more knowledge, dozens of exciting opportunities and initial thoughts began surfacing within the team. Following ustwo\u2019s mantra of getting our hands dirty as soon as we can, the team got together and started discussing some of these thoughts, turning them into cohesive group of ideas.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>These initial concepts would serve as a starting point to identify interesting possibilities, while we continued to develop, strengthen or disregard them via additional research and iterative work.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Thinking about the future of vehicular sounds is no small task. Exploring a topic like this can be as broad and daunting as it can be exciting. After sorting through our initial ideas, which took us from technical frameworks to utopian scenarios where technology is always in sync, we realized that the possibilities to reach for the future and the opportunities to innovate are many. The team identified similar characteristics within our ideas and proceeded to group them based on three key themes: Context, Safety, and Audio Systems.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Context<\/strong>: Contextual empathy can ensure that the right sounds are played at the right times. The team envisioned different ideas where vehicles are constantly aware of their surroundings and what their role is within the soundscape (or different soundscapes) of a city.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Safety<\/strong>: These group of ideas use different sounds and alerts to communicate more information to pedestrians about their safety in a variety of ways.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Audio Systems<\/strong>: All ideas that relate to the actual sounds that would be emitted from the vehicle, including audio \u201cguidelines\u201d and implementation strategy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>These 3 themes are fairly interesting in their own right and, unsurprisingly enough, surfaced many different and exciting routes to explore. In order to find our focus, we reminded ourselves about our initial goal: To explore a potential solution that would directly address the ruling passed by the NHTSA. We went back to our initial brief and, in good ustwo fashion, we asked ourselves: Which one of these initial set of ideas could have the most impact on increasing pedestrian safety? This question helped us categorize our ideas with a more focused perspective, which led us to arrive at the following breakdown:<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Using the diagram shown above, we prioritized our ideas by using <strong>pedestrian safety as the primary focus<\/strong>, as this is the goal of the ruling, and a <strong>reduction of noise pollution as the secondary focus<\/strong>, as we believe this ruling is an opportunity to improve the urban soundscape, thus increasing people\u2019s wellbeing.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In addition, we simplified our thinking even further: we believed that the best approach to increase pedestrian safety was by using smarter sounds (sounds that communicate more and\/or carry more meaning), while the best approach to reduce noise pollution was by using less sounds (a vehicle emitting sounds only when it really needs to).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>After this exercise, our core concept became clear: We believe that an external audio system that is context-aware could be a better solution to increase pedestrian safety. This system would take into consideration the following aspects and data points to produce different types of sounds:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The car\u2019s actions (moving forward, turning right, parking)<\/li>\n<li>The car\u2019s speed and projected path<\/li>\n<li>The type of pedestrians around it (strollers, canes, cyclists)<\/li>\n<li>The number of pedestrians around it<\/li>\n<li>The pedestrian\u2019s proximity to the vehicle and their projected path<\/li>\n<li>Environmental conditions (rain, snow)<\/li>\n<li>Location (type of city, culture)<\/li>\n<li>Setting (schools vs. highways)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Arriving at this concept, although still broad, gave us an anchor for selecting an idea that would cater to the brief and could be tested. In the end, the team chose an idea that used sounds to communicate a pedestrian\u2019s risk level, as it was the most tangible and impactful representation of this context-aware system concept.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>After selecting the risk-based sounds idea to further explore and develop, we wanted to understand pedestrians\u2019 expectations when it comes to their safety in the streets.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We started by mapping out and discussing our assumptions on how pedestrians perceive danger, their surroundings, and what information they need to receive from a vehicle to have a strong sense of their level of safety. We also included our ideas on what cars should communicate to people around them in order to support these needs.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>This zoning, also known as proxemics, allowed us to understand pedestrian needs based on their proximity and awareness of an oncoming vehicle. The zones, from furthest to nearest, consist of:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zone 3<\/strong>: The vehicle detects the pedestrian in the distance, but knows that there\u2019s no immediate danger.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone 2<\/strong>: The pedestrian wants to know that the vehicle is approaching, and expects a vehicle to communicate its presence. The vehicle should start using all available data to understand its surroundings and the pedestrian in order to make a more informed decision when it needs to.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone 1<\/strong>: The pedestrian wants to know if the vehicle poses any immediate danger and, if if it does, it expects the vehicle to communicate the level of risk their position\/trajectory puts them in.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zone 0<\/strong>: The vehicle has passed and is no longer interacting with the pedestrian. All sounds stop.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In order for this system to work like it&#8217;s intended to, vehicles would have to rely on as much contextual information as they can gather from sensors and cameras. It\u2019s important to note that one of the team\u2019s goals was to design a potential solution that could be implemented in the near future, but could scale and evolve for needs beyond the next five years. Technology that is already available by the way of systems like Tesla&#8217;s Autopilot, offers the perfect starting point to start exploring this concept.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Currently, the primary purpose of Tesla\u2019s system is to allow the car to drive in autonomous mode. It can detect road lines, in-path and outside-path objects, road lights, and traffic flow to help the car obtain a clear understanding of its surroundings.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Once we started adding more definition to our concept, we realized that prototyping and testing a context-aware system like the one we were envisioning would be a very complicated task. Even though the purpose of this project was an exploratory one, we knew that we still wanted to find a way to test the most simple representation of our idea.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We wanted to learn if pedestrians could gauge different levels of risks through vehicle-emitted sounds, so we started with the most simple interaction within this context: A car driving in front of a pedestrian while emitting different types of sound alerts. This scenario would serve as the basis of our tests and a way to learn first-hand about our ideas and assumptions.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>These concepts were:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Binary Concept<\/strong>: \u00a0Communicates risk in a binary manner. There is either no risk or high risk. In other words, this does not deliver different levels of risk. We purposefully added this simple concept to compare against more complex ones. Our goal was to learn if there was value in communicating different levels of risk, rather than just one.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Staircase Concept<\/strong>: Communicates the level of risk in four distinctive levels (low, mid, high, and collision) by altering different characteristics of the same sound source.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Incline Concept<\/strong>: Communicates levels of risk in an incremental manner. Change of the sound intensity is gradual. There is no point where the sound intensity changes dramatically, unless the risk value changes quickly. \u00a0An example of this is the current reverse tone in the vehicle that communicates proximity to an object behind it.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Traffic Lights Concept<\/strong>: Communicates levels of risk by using completely different sounds for each level of risk. A good visual representation of this would be the traffic lights, which use different color to communicate different things<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We investigated various ways to test our ideas. One idea was to simply install speakers on the body of a rented car. It is the closest to reality if our thinking were to be implemented, but it was time consuming, inflexible, and unsafe, the latter which of course was what we were ironically trying to improve.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We also looked at virtual reality (VR) as a potential solution for this. Currently, businesses are finding significant value in using VR as a cost effective prototyping tool. \u00a0A few successful examples of this include architecture and manufacturing. <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/aoscarsson?lang=en\">Anders Oscarsson<\/a>, ustwo\u2019s Product Designer focused on VR, observes this trend;\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cVR technology enables us to create simulations of the future. Before VR, \u00a0these future visions could only be explored in the form of conceptual sketches or costly physical prototypes, but now we can actually experience them by using virtual technology.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The automotive industry is no exception. OEMs are taking advantage of VR as a prototyping tool. For example, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.volkswagenag.com\/en\/group\/research\/virtual-technologies.html\">Volkswagen utilizes VR technology for product development<\/a> throughout the group, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.optis-world.com\/Showcase\/News-Release\/Customer-focus\/Bentley-reinvents-the-design-of-future-vehicles-thanks-to-Virtual-Reality\">including Bentley<\/a>. For them, the the use of VR technology is \u201c&#8230; a response to the increasing number of models, versions and variants, and reduced development times that characterize today\u2019s automotive product development process.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In a similar name of rapid iteration, we believed virtual reality would be the most appropriate tool for us to utilize, as well. Some of the reasons for this were:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Safety<\/strong> &#8211; We were testing functionality that would be used when people were at risk. But realistically, we could not expose people to actual risk simply for testing purposes. By using VR simulations, we could recreate risky situations while avoiding participants actually being placed in harmful situations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ease of iteration<\/strong> &#8211; Every product has room for improvement. This tool is no exception. We needed to be able to make changes to the way we test. With VR, this can be done via lines of code, rather than altering anything physically.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Creating a controlled environment<\/strong> &#8211; In order to test something, it would be better to reduce the number of variables that could affect the test results. By using VR, we were able to control the environment because the experience was programmed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>3D audio technology in VR<\/strong> &#8211; There were great plugins that allowed users to hear high fidelity 3D audio in VR. They helped us recreate perception of the sound in the real world. Thanks to teams like <a href=\"https:\/\/facebook360.fb.com\/spatial-workstation\/\">Two Big Ears<\/a> (Now part of Facebook) and <a href=\"http:\/\/dearvr.com\/\">DearVR<\/a>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Accessibility<\/strong> &#8211; As long as we had the right gear, we could easily recreate the testing environment at any moment.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n",
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"value": "<p>We now had the environment and the system, but well considered sound design is necessary in order to have meaningful results. Man Made Music, who provided us with their perspective at the beginning of the project, shared our interest and passion for this experiment, in addition to the fundamental purpose of creating a safer environment through sound. We worked together to find the appropriate sounds to use for our concepts.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Their team\u00a0approached this challenge by creating a series of sonic design sprints where they investigated taking various sounds&#8211;a bell, for example&#8211;and manipulating a fundamental of its tone (pitch, repetition, volume, etc.) to create a palette of four audio files with increasing intensity. These aligned with our four zones of risk hypothesized (&#8220;no risk&#8221;, &#8220;low risk&#8221;, &#8220;mid-risk&#8221;, and &#8220;high risk&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>For example, we would increase the number of repetitions of a sound while keeping the pitch the same. (Bells in the playlist below) Another example included keeping the number of repetitions of a sound the same, but increasing the number of notes heard each time. (Soft Alarm in the playlist below)<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/playlists\/310834088&#038;auto_play=false&#038;hide_related=false&#038;show_comments=true&#038;show_user=true&#038;show_reposts=false&#038;visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>In order to test our new VR experience, we set up shop in one of our meeting rooms and ran the app on our HTC Vive. There were eight participants, all of whom were employees of ustwo New York studio. (This of course is not an accurate representation of the population, but we believe there is value in receiving feedback from a casual experiment, and using it to help us make decisions moving forward.)<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We first informed participants that for this test, we were primarily looking for feedback on our alerting sound concepts, and wanted their full attention on said 3D audio. As such, their vision in the experiment was to be impaired, and they wouldn\u2019t be able to see; only hear. With this knowledge, our testers entered our VR experience.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>After participants became familiar with their surroundings through the white noise, we prompted a virtual vehicle drive by the participants with alert sounds. We had the car drive by four times, emitting different alert sound with every pass. Afterward, we asked our testers to describe the sound they heard, and compare it specifically to risk communication.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Here are sounds that our testers heard during the experiment: (Headphones are highly recommended)<\/p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/w.soundcloud.com\/player\/?url=https%3A\/\/api.soundcloud.com\/playlists\/311047273&#038;auto_play=false&#038;hide_related=false&#038;show_comments=true&#038;show_user=true&#038;show_reposts=false&#038;visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>The results of these tests were incredibly insightful. While we do not have concrete and clear indication of which concept was the best, we can safely confirm that many of our small, instinctive hypotheses were leading us in the right direction. Here are four key learnings from this experiment:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Intensity alone does not signify risk<\/strong> &#8211; With a gradual build of intensity through volume, speed of notes, pitch, etc, the respondents felt there was a greater change in proximity or speed, not risk. While that&#8217;s important to know, an increase in the intensity of the sound doesn&#8217;t alone signify risk, which was the purpose of the test.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sudden sound change communicates risk<\/strong> &#8211; A sharp contrast between sounds seemingly signifies a change in the amount of risk more clearly than compared to sounds with a gradual intensity build.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Musical or melodic sound may become a distraction<\/strong> &#8211; When it came to musical tones, respondents claimed their sense of risk was lowered, due to the tones feeling instrumental and familiar, as if from a song.<\/li>\n<li><strong>People perceive risk differently<\/strong> &#8211; Although participants heard the same sound, their perception of the risk varied slightly. This suggests that a degree of education may be needed.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>While these key learnings are not surprising given our understanding of music and sound, it was an opportunity for that knowledge to be reinforced through a fast and iterative process. Because of this, we considered our experiment a success.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>When we started this journey, we anticipated the solution to electric vehicle\u2019s lack of sound might wind up being similar to the sounds emitted by parking sensors. However, after weeks of research and testing, what we found was that our dilemma was much more complex, and finding a solution wouldn\u2019t be so simple.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>While we\u2019ve gained a lot of insights along the way, our team has come to the realization that we\u2019ve only just begun to scratch the surface of this issue. More ideas, research opportunities, test, and iterations are needed. As we look toward the future, and what could come next, there are a few stand-out examples of specific areas we\u2019d love to delve into for our next research phase:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Do pedestrians want four levels of risk? Maybe fewer risk levels are better.<\/strong> &#8211; In our test, we had four zones (low, mid, high, and extreme risk), and the vehicle made different sound based those zones. Fewer number might allow pedestrians to recognize the sound\/message, perceive danger, and take action, quicker. \u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>How do these concepts actually influence the reaction time?<\/strong> &#8211; Ultimately, this system is successful if pedestrians can react quickly enough to avoid collision or high risk situations. So the reaction time is important. We need to start gathering data on it. In our VR experience, there is a feature called \u201cGuide Mode\u201d. This provides small distraction to the participants, therefore it creates a situation in which vehicle will pass by unexpectedly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>How will the car handle more complex scenarios?<\/strong> &#8211; Our simple scenario consisted of one car and one pedestrian in a sunny clear day. Would the sound be emitted differently if it is in a thunderstorm? Or middle of a festival with million people? Stress testing would be necessary in the future.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What if we combined Traffic Light Concept with Incline concept?<\/strong> &#8211; Traffic Light Concept seemed to get attention. There is an opportunity to communicate more in each level. What if each risk sound intensified to communicate risk in more detail?<\/li>\n<li><strong>What if the external sound was verbal communication?<\/strong> &#8211; In some case, pedestrians may need to make actions in order to avoid collision. Verbal communication could deliver commands more clearly than abstract sound. It could be useful especially for the high risk zone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Our partner, Man Made Music also envisions areas for further exploration from a strategic sound design perspective. They see two immediate areas to investigate. The first would be to look at how a &#8220;low risk&#8221; sound could help a pedestrian determine the location the vehicle was coming from &#8211; and they have a few starting points for that idea. The second would be to look at what type of &#8220;high risk&#8221; sounds communicate action. While we discovered respondents knew to be alarmed with the &#8220;high risk\u201d sounds, they didn&#8217;t know exactly what to do about it. We would want to explore how to communicate both &#8220;high risk&#8221; and action together.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We started researching external sound of EVs because we were fascinated by the new challenges and opportunities. As soon as we started to understand more, this topic became deeper and deeper. At the same time we discovered even more opportunities than we anticipated. We see opportunities to make pedestrians safer and make cities more quiet. This time, we explored a small idea to increase pedestrian safety through communicating risk, using all of the information that cars can get. This element of communication is increasingly becoming important as we enter the era with robots transport us from one place to another, in other words autonomous vehicles. We need to be able to communicate with them so that we all understand their intentions and next actions. For designers and developers today, this is our challenge.\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>As always with experiments we do at ustwo, our teams\u00a0like to share and contribute to the communities we\u2019re a part of, and our experience with creating sound concepts for electric vehicles is no exception. As long as you have HTC Vive set up, you can use this VR app to quickly test some sounds being emitted from a moving vehicle. This should be a great tool for sound designers working on external vehicle sound.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0B6V8fVhlr7AlU0wwX2Rid0VyeXM\/view\" target=\"_blank\">Download for HTC VIVE<\/a> &#8211; ustwo&#8217;s External Vehicle Sound Experiment VR App<\/strong><\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Historically, the engine sound of a vehicle has been part of the brand expression. All brands should strive to create an emotional and personal relationship with the customers. The engine sounds, in the most part, have been designed for the owner of the car. For some car owners, the sound of the engine have been the key factor to purchase the vehicle. However, we are moving into an era of car sharing. This might mean that more and more cars will be perceived as devices for mobility rather that something that represents the personality of owners. Then the question is, who will OEMs be expressing the brand to, through external sound. The answer might be the people who are outside of the cars. We think that they care about safety, functionality, and pleasant soundscape without noise pollution. Perhaps being quiet is the loudest way to express your brand values. This might be the time for OEMs to rethink the purpose of the external sound in general.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re ready to challenge the landscape\u00a0of external vehicular sound, or simply want to explore the\u00a0future of mobility, get in touch with us at <a href=\"mailto:evsound@ustwo.com\">evsound@ustwo.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter size-small_crop wp-image-11193\" src=\"https:\/\/usweb-cdn.ustwo.com\/ustwo-production\/uploads\/2011\/03\/14_Headshots-640x480.png\" alt=\"14_Headshots\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" \/><\/p>\n<p><center><em>Header illustration by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gwer.nl\/\">Gwer<\/a><\/em><\/center>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n",
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"rendered": "<p>This is a guest post written by Peng Cheng, founder of PauseAble. The latest interactive meditation experience \u2013 Sway \u2013 is now available on the App Store.We perceive the world around us through the five basic senses &#8211; sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.[1] Through these senses, external stimulations can capture and manipulate our attention. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n"
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"value": "<p>We perceive the world around us through the five basic senses &#8211; sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.[1] Through these senses, external stimulations can capture and manipulate our attention. In this digital age we are living in, information and exciting experiences are designed to compete for our attention. It\u2019s easy to feel constantly distracted and affected by the external world, and lose touch with ourselves and our body.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>However, lesser known than the five external senses, we have another remarkable sense. One that is fundamental to our function and being, and holds the key to creating a healthier and more constructive relationship between digital technology and our well-being.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>In addition to the five external senses, we also possess an internal sense of our body and movements. Scientifically referred to as proprioception, but often called the \u2018sixth sense\u2019, it\u2019s essentially awareness of our body\u2019s movements and the ability to change our movements \u201con the fly\u201d based on additional inputs received from our visual and tactile sensory organs.[2]<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s remarkable about proprioception is that it is also an integral part of our voluntary muscle control system and the reason why every physical activity we perform can potentially be executed with precision and grace [2]. This means that when we become conscious of our body, we have complete control of how our movements will unfold from moment to moment. Since ancient times, conscious control of body and movement have been a vital part of mindfulness practice.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>Various forms of physical artefacts have emerged in different schools of contemplative practises \u2013 such as the Chinese meditation ball, Buddhist prayer beads, Tibetan prayer wheels and Tibetan singing bowl. They all invite practitioners to sustain slow, gentle, continuous mindful bodily movements, to anchor focused attention in sustaining the movements for a longer period of time. These artefacts are often used on the go as complementary practises of formal sitting meditation.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The physical artefacts of ancient mindful movement practises are often derived from their respective religious aesthetics and philosophical roots. They are elegant and effective, but are sometimes less capable of bringing benefit to people outside their religious beliefs. And when learning Tai Chi, a beginner will most likely focus on learning its forms and patterns which are difficult to remember and take time to become familiarised with.<\/p>\n",
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"value": "<p>However, our unique approach enables technology to detect voluntary human attention through slow, continuous and gentle bodily movements for the first time. This allows interactive technology to do what it does best: engage humans with a purposefully designed activity, in this case, mindfulness practise for an extended period of time, with carefully designed digital feedback. We call this an attention feedback loop, and it serves as the foundational framework of interactive meditation. This framework is firmly rooted in the following existing scientific fields:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Attention Restorative Process (Psychology)<\/strong><br \/>Professor Stephen Kaplan from University of Michigan proposed two mandates underlying different attention restorative processes:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Avoid calling on tired cognitive patterns, by being away from everyday environment.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Avoid unnecessary effort. Running a single cognitive map for an extended period of time is ideal for attention restoration.[4]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For interactive meditation, we use digital design to create a beautiful ambient audio-visual environment that is engaging yet non-stimulating to our mind. The mindful body movement gives people a single cognitive map, which does not strain their cognitive effort unnecessarily. Importantly, the rewarding digital experiences are only available to people when the technology detects a person\u2019s focused attention through mindful movements. This way, the digital experience gives meaning to the act of focused attention, which motivates people to keep going for an extended period of time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Relaxation Response (Physiology)<\/strong><br \/>In 1975, Professor Herbert Benson from Harvard Medical School introduced the concept of relaxation response which counteracts the stress response. It\u2019s a coordinated physiological response characterised by decreased arousal, diminished heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure, in association with a state of \u201cwell-being\u201d.[5] An essential aspect is that the relaxation response can be elicited by anyone, as it is a self-regulative process.<\/p>\n<p>There are only two elements required to elicit the relaxation response:\u00a0<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>the person directs and pays attention to the repetition of a word, sound, phrase, prayer, or muscular activity, and\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>the person passively disregards everyday thoughts that inevitably come to mind and returning to your repetition.[6]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In interactive meditation, we build upon the repetitive muscular activity by using slow, continuous and gentle movements as the object of attention. When people are distracted by everyday thoughts, it becomes difficult to sustain the focused movements, which can be easily detected by technology. This way, we can design the digital experience to remind people to bring attention back to the focused movements again and again and trigger the relaxation response in the body.<\/p>\n",
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