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PowerShell Cheat Sheet / Quick Reference
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Get-Command # Retrieves a list of all the commands available to PowerShell | |
# (native binaries in $env:PATH + cmdlets / functions from PowerShell modules) | |
Get-Command -Module Microsoft* # Retrieves a list of all the PowerShell commands exported from modules named Microsoft* | |
Get-Command -Name *item # Retrieves a list of all commands (native binaries + PowerShell commands) ending in "item" | |
Get-Help # Get all help topics | |
Get-Help -Name about_Variables # Get help for a specific about_* topic (aka. man page) | |
Get-Help -Name Get-Command # Get help for a specific PowerShell function | |
Get-Help -Name Get-Command -Parameter Module # Get help for a specific parameter on a specific command | |
################################################### | |
# Operators | |
################################################### | |
$a = 2 # Basic variable assignment operator | |
$a += 1 # Incremental assignment operator | |
$a -= 1 # Decrement assignment operator | |
$a -eq 0 # Equality comparison operator | |
$a -ne 5 # Not-equal comparison operator | |
$a -gt 2 # Greater than comparison operator | |
$a -lt 3 # Less than comparison operator | |
$FirstName = 'Trevor' | |
$FirstName -like 'T*' # Perform string comparison using the -like operator, which supports the wildcard (*) character. Returns $true | |
$BaconIsYummy = $true | |
$FoodToEat = $BaconIsYummy ? 'bacon' : 'beets' # Sets the $FoodToEat variable to 'bacon' using the ternary operator | |
'Celery' -in @('Bacon', 'Sausage', 'Steak', 'Chicken') # Returns boolean value indicating if left-hand operand exists in right-hand array | |
'Celery' -notin @('Bacon', 'Sausage', 'Steak') # Returns $true, because Celery is not part of the right-hand list | |
5 -is [string] # Is the number 5 a string value? No. Returns $false. | |
5 -is [int32] # Is the number 5 a 32-bit integer? Yes. Returns $true. | |
5 -is [int64] # Is the number 5 a 64-bit integer? No. Returns $false. | |
'Trevor' -is [int64] # Is 'Trevor' a 64-bit integer? No. Returns $false. | |
'Trevor' -isnot [string] # Is 'Trevor' NOT a string? No. Returns $false. | |
'Trevor' -is [string] # Is 'Trevor' a string? Yes. Returns $true. | |
$true -is [bool] # Is $true a boolean value? Yes. Returns $true. | |
$false -is [bool] # Is $false a boolean value? Yes. Returns $true. | |
5 -is [bool] # Is the number 5 a boolean value? No. Returns $false. | |
################################################### | |
# Regular Expressions | |
################################################### | |
'Trevor' -match '^T\w*' # Perform a regular expression match against a string value. # Returns $true and populates $matches variable | |
$matches[0] # Returns 'Trevor', based on the above match | |
@('Trevor', 'Billy', 'Bobby') -match '^B' # Perform a regular expression match against an array of string values. Returns Billy, Bobby | |
$regex = [regex]'(\w{3,8})' | |
$regex.Matches('Trevor Bobby Dillon Joe Jacob').Value # Find multiple matches against a singleton string value. | |
################################################### | |
# Flow Control | |
################################################### | |
if (1 -eq 1) { } # Do something if 1 is equal to 1 | |
do { 'hi' } while ($false) # Loop while a condition is true (always executes at least once) | |
while ($false) { 'hi' } # While loops are not guaranteed to run at least once | |
while ($true) { } # Do something indefinitely | |
while ($true) { if (1 -eq 1) { break } } # Break out of an infinite while loop conditionally | |
for ($i = 0; $i -le 10; $i++) { Write-Host $i } # Iterate using a for..loop | |
foreach ($item in (Get-Process)) { } # Iterate over items in an array | |
switch ('test') { 'test' { 'matched'; break } } # Use the switch statement to perform actions based on conditions. Returns string 'matched' | |
switch -regex (@('Trevor', 'Daniel', 'Bobby')) { # Use the switch statement with regular expressions to match inputs | |
'o' { $PSItem; break } # NOTE: $PSItem or $_ refers to the "current" item being matched in the array | |
} | |
switch -regex (@('Trevor', 'Daniel', 'Bobby')) { # Switch statement omitting the break statement. Inputs can be matched multiple times, in this scenario. | |
'e' { $PSItem } | |
'r' { $PSItem } | |
} | |
################################################### | |
# Variables | |
################################################### | |
$a = 0 # Initialize a variable | |
[int] $a = 'Trevor' # Initialize a variable, with the specified type (throws an exception) | |
[string] $a = 'Trevor' # Initialize a variable, with the specified type (doesn't throw an exception) | |
Get-Command -Name *varia* # Get a list of commands related to variable management | |
Get-Variable # Get an array of objects, representing the variables in the current and parent scopes | |
Get-Variable | ? { $PSItem.Options -contains 'constant' } # Get variables with the "Constant" option set | |
Get-Variable | ? { $PSItem.Options -contains 'readonly' } # Get variables with the "ReadOnly" option set | |
New-Variable -Name FirstName -Value Trevor | |
New-Variable FirstName -Value Trevor -Option Constant # Create a constant variable, that can only be removed by restarting PowerShell | |
New-Variable FirstName -Value Trevor -Option ReadOnly # Create a variable that can only be removed by specifying the -Force parameter on Remove-Variable | |
Remove-Variable -Name firstname # Remove a variable, with the specified name | |
Remove-Variable -Name firstname -Force # Remove a variable, with the specified name, that has the "ReadOnly" option set | |
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# Functions | |
################################################### | |
function add ($a, $b) { $a + $b } # A basic PowerShell function | |
function Do-Something { # A PowerShell Advanced Function, with all three blocks declared: BEGIN, PROCESS, END | |
[CmdletBinding]()] | |
param () | |
begin { } | |
process { } | |
end { } | |
} | |
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# Working with Modules | |
################################################### | |
Get-Command -Name *module* -Module mic*core # Which commands can I use to work with modules? | |
Get-Module -ListAvailable # Show me all of the modules installed on my system (controlled by $env:PSModulePath) | |
Get-Module # Show me all of the modules imported into the current session | |
$PSModuleAutoLoadingPreference = 0 # Disable auto-loading of installed PowerShell modules, when a command is invoked | |
Import-Module -Name NameIT # Explicitly import a module, from the specified filesystem path or name (must be present in $env:PSModulePath) | |
Remove-Module -Name NameIT # Remove a module from the scope of the current PowerShell session | |
New-ModuleManifest # Helper function to create a new module manifest. You can create it by hand instead. | |
New-Module -Name trevor -ScriptBlock { # Create an in-memory PowerShell module (advanced users) | |
function Add($a,$b) { $a + $b } } | |
New-Module -Name trevor -ScriptBlock { # Create an in-memory PowerShell module, and make it visible to Get-Module (advanced users) | |
function Add($a,$b) { $a + $b } } | Import-Module | |
################################################### | |
# Module Management | |
################################################### | |
Get-Command -Module PowerShellGet # Explore commands to manage PowerShell modules | |
Find-Module -Tag cloud # Find modules in the PowerShell Gallery with a "cloud" tag | |
Find-Module -Name ps* # Find modules in the PowerShell Gallery whose name starts with "PS" | |
Install-Module -Name NameIT -Scope CurrentUser -Force # Install a module to your personal directory (non-admin) | |
Install-Module -Name NameIT -Force # Install a module to your personal directory (admin / root) | |
Install-Module -Name NameIT -RequiredVersion 1.9.0 # Install a specific version of a module | |
Uninstall-Module -Name NameIT # Uninstall module called "NameIT", only if it was installed via Install-Module | |
Register-PSRepository -Name <repo> -SourceLocation <uri> # Configure a private PowerShell module registry | |
Unregister-PSRepository -Name <repo> # Deregister a PowerShell Repository | |
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# Filesystem | |
################################################### | |
New-Item -Path c:\test -ItemType Directory # Create a directory | |
mkdir c:\test2 # Create a directory (short-hand) | |
New-Item -Path c:\test\myrecipes.txt # Create an empty file | |
Set-Content -Path c:\test.txt -Value '' # Create an empty file | |
[System.IO.File]::WriteAllText('testing.txt', '') # Create an empty file using .NET Base Class Library | |
Remove-Item -Path testing.txt # Delete a file | |
[System.IO.File]::Delete('testing.txt') # Delete a file using .NET Base Class Library | |
################################################### | |
# Hashtables (Dictionary) | |
################################################### | |
$Person = @{ | |
FirstName = 'Trevor' | |
LastName = 'Sullivan' | |
Likes = @( | |
'Bacon', | |
'Beer', | |
'Software' | |
) | |
} # Create a PowerShell HashTable | |
$Person.FirstName # Retrieve an item from a HashTable | |
$Person.Likes[-1] # Returns the last item in the "Likes" array, in the $Person HashTable (software) | |
$Person.Age = 50 # Add a new property to a HashTable | |
################################################### | |
# Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) (Windows only) | |
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Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_BIOS # Retrieve BIOS information | |
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_DiskDrive # Retrieve information about locally connected physical disk devices | |
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_PhysicalMemory # Retrieve information about install physical memory (RAM) | |
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_NetworkAdapter # Retrieve information about installed network adapters (physical + virtual) | |
Get-CimInstance -ClassName Win32_VideoController # Retrieve information about installed graphics / video card (GPU) | |
Get-CimClass -Namespace root\cimv2 # Explore the various WMI classes available in the root\cimv2 namespace | |
Get-CimInstance -Namespace root -ClassName __NAMESPACE # Explore the child WMI namespaces underneath the root\cimv2 namespace | |
################################################### | |
# Asynchronous Event Registration | |
################################################### | |
#### Register for filesystem events | |
$Watcher = [System.IO.FileSystemWatcher]::new('c:\tmp') | |
Register-ObjectEvent -InputObject $Watcher -EventName Created -Action { | |
Write-Host -Object 'New file created!!!' | |
} | |
#### Perform a task on a timer (ie. every 5000 milliseconds) | |
$Timer = [System.Timers.Timer]::new(5000) | |
Register-ObjectEvent -InputObject $Timer -EventName Elapsed -Action { | |
Write-Host -ForegroundColor Blue -Object 'Timer elapsed! Doing some work.' | |
} | |
$Timer.Start() | |
################################################### | |
# PowerShell Drives (PSDrives) | |
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Get-PSDrive # List all the PSDrives on the system | |
New-PSDrive -Name videos -PSProvider Filesystem -Root x:\data\content\videos # Create a new PSDrive that points to a filesystem location | |
New-PSDrive -Name h -PSProvider FileSystem -Root '\\storage\h$\data' -Persist # Create a persistent mount on a drive letter, visible in Windows Explorer | |
Set-Location -Path videos: # Switch into PSDrive context | |
Remove-PSDrive -Name xyz # Delete a PSDrive | |
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# Data Management | |
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Get-Process | Group-Object -Property Name # Group objects by property name | |
Get-Process | Sort-Object -Property Id # Sort objects by a given property name | |
Get-Process | Where-Object -FilterScript { $PSItem.Name -match '^c' } # Filter objects based on a property matching a value | |
gps | where Name -match '^c' # Abbreviated form of the previous statement | |
################################################### | |
# PowerShell Classes | |
################################################### | |
class Person { | |
[string] $FirstName # Define a class property as a string | |
[string] $LastName = 'Sullivan' # Define a class property with a default value | |
[int] $Age # Define a class property as an integer | |
Person() { # Add a default constructor (no input parameters) for a class | |
} | |
Person([string] $FirstName) { # Define a class constructor with a single string parameter | |
$this.FirstName = $FirstName | |
} | |
[string] FullName() { | |
return '{0} {1}' -f $this.FirstName, $this.LastName | |
} | |
} | |
$Person01 = [Person]::new() # Instantiate a new Person object. | |
$Person01.FirstName = 'Trevor' # Set the FirstName property on the Person object. | |
$Person01.FullName() # Call the FullName() method on the Person object. Returns 'Trevor Sullivan' | |
class Server { # Define a "Server" class, to manage remote servers. Customize this based on your needs. | |
[string] $Name | |
[System.Net.IPAddress] $IPAddress # Define a class property as an IPaddress object | |
[string] $SSHKey = "$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa" # Set the path to the private key used to authenticate to the server | |
[string] $Username # Set the username to login to the remote server with | |
RunCommand([string] $Command) { # Define a method to call a command on the remote server, via SSH | |
ssh -i $this.SSHKey $this.Username@$this.Name $this.Command | |
} | |
} | |
$Server01 = [Server]::new() # Instantiate the Server class as a new object | |
$Server01.Name = 'webserver01.local' # Set the "name" of the remote server | |
$Server01.Username = 'root' # Set the username property of the "Server" object | |
$Server01.RunCommand("hostname") # Run a command on the remote server | |
################################################### | |
# REST APIs | |
################################################### | |
$Params = @{ | |
Uri = 'https://api.github.com/events' | |
Method = 'Get' | |
} | |
Invoke-RestMethod @Params # Call a REST API, using the HTTP GET method | |
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