script originally from https://martin.st/temp/pseudo-relocs.py

contrived-gmp-pseudo-reloc.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <gmp.h>

/* due to https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/15715
 * variables/constants are lacking dllimport annotations.  But clang/lld are
 * doing some magic with refptrs that results in a simple access of gmp_version
 * *not* requiring a pseudo-relocation.  This more contrived example results in
 * a pseudo-relocation on i386, x86_64, and aarch64, with gcc/bfd and clang/lld
 * (as applicable) */

struct {
    const char * const * ver;
} foo = {&gmp_version};

int main()
{
    printf("%s\n", *foo.ver);
    return 0;
}

pseudo-relocs.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

nm = 'x86_64-w64-mingw32-nm'
addr2line = 'x86_64-w64-mingw32-addr2line'
symbol_prefix = ''

import subprocess
import sys

import pefile

if len(sys.argv) <= 1:
    print(sys.argv[0] + " exe")
    sys.exit(0)

exe = sys.argv[1]
result = subprocess.run([nm, '-g', '--defined-only', exe], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

symbols = {}
addresses = {}
for line in result.stdout.decode('utf-8').split('\n'):
    cols = line.rstrip('\r').split(' ')
    if len(cols) == 3:
        sym = cols[2]
        addr = cols[0]
        symbols[sym] = addr
        addr = addr.lstrip('0').lower()
        if addr in addresses:
            # Duplicate symbols pointing at the same address; prefer __imp_*
            if sym.startswith('__imp'):
                addresses[addr] = sym
        else:
            addresses[addr] = sym

pe = pefile.PE(exe, fast_load=True)
if pe.FILE_HEADER.Machine == pefile.MACHINE_TYPE['IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386']:
    symbol_prefix = '_'

start_sym_name = symbol_prefix + '__RUNTIME_PSEUDO_RELOC_LIST__'
end_sym_name = symbol_prefix + '__RUNTIME_PSEUDO_RELOC_LIST_END__'

if start_sym_name not in symbols or end_sym_name not in symbols:
    print("No pseudo reloc symbols")
    sys.exit(1)

base = pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.ImageBase

pseudo_relocs_start = int(symbols[start_sym_name], 16) - base
pseudo_relocs_end = int(symbols[end_sym_name], 16) - base

# Assuming the modern v2 style pseudo reloc format; skip past 12 byte header.
pseudo_relocs_start = pseudo_relocs_start + 12

def resolve(exe, addr):
    result = subprocess.run([addr2line, '-e', exe, addr], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    lines = result.stdout.decode('utf-8').split('\n')
    if len(lines) >= 1 and not '?' in lines[0]:
        return lines[0].strip()
    return None

if pseudo_relocs_start >= pseudo_relocs_end:
    print("No pseudo relocs")
    sys.exit(0)

pos = pseudo_relocs_start
while pos + 12 <= pseudo_relocs_end:
    sym_addr = pe.get_dword_at_rva(pos) + base
    sym_addr_str = "%x" % sym_addr
    reloc_addr = pe.get_dword_at_rva(pos + 4) + base
    reloc_addr_str = "%#x" % reloc_addr
    size = pe.get_dword_at_rva(pos + 8) % 256
    sym = sym_addr_str
    if sym_addr_str in addresses:
        sym = addresses[sym_addr_str]
    loc = resolve(exe, reloc_addr_str)
    if loc:
        loc = ", referenced at " + loc
    else:
        loc = ""
    print("Relocation at " + reloc_addr_str + " targeting " + sym + ", " + str(size) + " bits" + loc)
    pos += 12