An EMACS derived mode for constraint problems written in Essence', and a cheatsheet for same language.

eprime-cheatsheet.tex

\RequirePackage[l2tabu,orthodox]{nag}
\documentclass[a4paper,british,10pt,landscape,final]{article}
\usepackage{fixltx2e}
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\usepackage{babel}
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\usepackage[iso]{isodate}
\usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{xspace}
\usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}
\usepackage[all,error]{onlyamsmath}
\usepackage[fixamsmath]{mathtools}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage[landscape,margin=1cm]{geometry}
\pagestyle{empty}
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\newcommand{\eprime}{\ensuremath{\text{\textsc{Essence}}^{\prime}}\xspace}
\makeatother
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
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% -----------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{document}
\raggedright
\footnotesize
\begin{center}
     \Large{\textbf{\eprime v1.0 Cheat Sheet}} \\
\vspace*{-0.9em}
\rule{0.9\linewidth}{0.25pt}
\end{center}

\begin{multicols}{3}
\section{File Structure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l>{\ttfamily}l}
Header      & \verb!language Essence' <version>! \\
Parameters  & Optional                           \\
Constants   & Optional                           \\
Variables   & Optional                           \\
Objectives  & Optional                           \\
Constraints & Optional                           \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\section{Types and Domains}
\subsection{Types}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l>{\ttfamily}l}
Integer & int    \\
Boolean & bool   \\
Matrix  & matrix \\
Enum    & ---    \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\subsection{Domains}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l>{\ttfamily}l}
Boolean          & true, false \\
Int.\ Continuous & int(1..2)   \\
Int.\ Sparese    & int(1,3,5)  \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\subsection{Arrays}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l>{\ttfamily}l}
Dimension & row, column \\
Domain    & bool, int   \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
<name> : matrix indexed by [<dimension>] of <domain>
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\section{Constant Definitions}
\subsection{Expressions}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
letting <name> be <constant>
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
Constant is either a value or expression:
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
letting c be 2
letting d be c*4
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\subsection{Domains}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
letting <name> be domain <domain>
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
Convention is to use uppercase for variable names:
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
letting INDEX be domain int(1..5)
letting RANGE be domain int(1..c)
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\subsection{Arrays}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
letting <name> <matrix type> be [<values>]
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
Example:
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
letting m : matrix indexed by [int(1..4) of int(1..10)
    be [2,8,5,9]
letting t : matrix indexed
    by [int(1..2) of int(1..4)]
    of int(1..10)
    be [[2,8,5,1], [3,7,9,4]]
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\section{Parameter Definitions}
Parameters passed from external file:
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
given <name> : <domain>
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
Note: Domains can be infinite.

Examples:
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
given c : int
given t : int(1..1000)
given m : matrix indexed
    by [int(1..c) of int(1..t)]
    of bool
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\section{Variable Definitions}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
find <name> : <domain>
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
Examples:
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
find x : int(1..10)
find x,y,z : int(1..10)
find m : matrix indexed by [int(1..10)] of bool
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\section{Objective Definitions}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l>{\ttfamily}l}
Maximising & maximising \\
Minimising & minimising \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
Form:
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
<objective> <variable|expression>
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
Example: \verb!maximising x!
\columnbreak
\section{Constraints}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
such that <expression>, ..., <expression>
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\subsection{Operators}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
Parenthesis & () \\
Arithmetic  & \verb! ^ % * / + - min max!    \\
Boolean     & \verb+ ! /\ \/ => <=>+         \\
Relational  & \verb+ > >= < <= = !=+         \\
Lexical     & \verb! <lex <=lex >lex >=lex!  \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\subsection{Summation}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
sum <variable(s)> : <domain> . <expression>
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\subsection{Quantification}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
forall <variable(s) : <domain> . <expression>
exists <variable(s)> : <domain> . <expression>
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\subsection{Misc}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
All Different & \verb!alldifferent(<matrix>)!         \\
Table         & \verb!table(<variable>,<tuple list>)! \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\section{Example \eprime Files}
\subsection{Parameters}
\begin{verbatim}
language ESSENCE' 1.0.0
$ Parameter Instantiation
letting n be 7
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{Model}
\begin{verbatim}
language ESSENCE' 1.0.0
$ Parameter Declaration
given n : int
$ Constants
letting c be 5
$ Objectives and Variables
find x,y : int(1..n)
$ Constraints
such that
  x + y >= c,
  x + c*y = 0,
true
\end{verbatim}

\rule{0.3\linewidth}{0.25pt}

\scriptsize
Copyright \copyright\xspace2011 Jan de Muijnck-Hughes.\\
Under a Creative Commons \verb!(BY-NC-SA)! License\\
See \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/}.
\end{multicols}
\end{document}

eprime-mode.el

;; eprime-mode.el -- Derived mode for writing Essence'
;; Copyright (C) 2011 by Jan de Muijnck-Hughes
;; Author: Jan de Muijnck-Hughes
;;
;;; DESCRIPTION
;;
;; A derived mode to highlight Essence' code. Currently this
;; mode only provides syntax highlighting, and comment support.
;; Future work will seek to add support for smart indentation.
;;
;;; INSTALLATION
;;
;; 1. Place eprime-mode.el in your .emacs.d directory
;; 2. Ensure that .emacs.d is on your load path.
;; 3. Add the following to your emacs init file:
;;    (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist (quote ("\\.eprime$" . eprime-mode)))
;; -------------------------------------------------------------------
;;; CODE
;; ------------------------------------------------------ [ Keywords ]
(defvar eprime-keywords '(
    "letting" "be"
    "indexed" "by" "of"
    "given"
    "find"
    "maximising" "minimising"
    "such" "that"
    "max" "min"
    "sum"
    "forall" "exists" "alldifferent" "table"
))
;; --------------------------------------------------------- [ Types ]
(defvar eprime-types '(
    "int" "bool" "matrix" "domain"
))
;; ----------------------------------------------------- [ Constants ]
(defvar eprime-preprocessor '(
    "language" "ESSENCE"
))
;; -------------------------------------------------- [ Assign Faces ]
(defvar eprime-font-lock-defaults
  ;; Need to fix operators
  `((
    (":\\|\\.\\|\\\\\\|\\/\\|=\\|<\\|>\\|!\\|+\\|-\\|*\\|%"
     . font-lock-constant-face)
    ( ,(regexp-opt eprime-keywords     'words) . font-lock-function-name-face)
    ( ,(regexp-opt eprime-types        'words) . font-lock-type-face)
    ( ,(regexp-opt eprime-preprocessor 'words) . font-lock-preprocessor-face)
)))
;; --------------------------------------------------- [ Clear memory ]
(setq eprime-keywords     nil
      eprime-types        nil
      eprime-preprocessor nil
)

;; -------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Essence' Definition
;; -------------------------------------------------------------------
(define-derived-mode eprime-mode fundamental-mode "Essence'"
  "Major mode for editing Essence' files."
  (defgroup eprime-mode nil
    "Derived mode for Essance' Files" :group 'languages)
  (defvar eprime-mode-hook nil "Hook for eprime-mode")
  (modify-syntax-entry ?$ "<" eprime-mode-syntax-table)
  (modify-syntax-entry ?\n ">" eprime-mode-syntax-table)

  (make-local-variable 'eprime-font-lock-defaults)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-start)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-end)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-start-skip)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-column)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-multi-line)
  (make-local-variable 'comment-indent-function)

  (setq font-lock-defaults eprime-font-lock-defaults
        comment-start           "$ "
        comment-end             ""
        comment-start-skip      "+ $+ \n"
        comment-column          60
        comment-multi-line      nil
        comment-indent-function 'java-comment-indent
        indent-tabs-mode        t
  )
 (run-hooks 'eprime-mode-hook)
)
(provide 'eprime-mode)

eprime.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE language>
<!-- 
     Copyright (C) 2007-2008 
     Jan de Muijnck-Hughes <jfdm@st-andrews.ac.uk>
	     
	     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
	     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
	     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	     (at your option) any later version.
	     
	     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	     GNU General Public License for more details.
	     
	     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	     along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-->
<language name="EssencePrime" version="0.1" kateversion="2.5.9" section="Other" extensions="*.eprime"  mimetype="text/eprime" casesensitive="1" author="Jan de Muijnck-Hughes" license="">
	<!-- Specifiy items from source file that need to be highlighted-->
	<highlighting>
		<list name="preproc">
			<item> language</item> 
			<item> ESSENCE' </item> 
		</list>
		<list name="keywords">
			<item> find </item>
			<item> such </item>
			<item> that </item>
			<item> maximising</item>
			<item> minimising</item>
			<item> max</item>
			<item> min</item>
			<item> given </item>
			<item> letting </item>
			<item> indexed </item>	
			<item> by </item>
			<item> be </item>
			<item> of </item>
			<item> forall </item>
			<item> sum </item>
		</list>
		<list name="misc">
			<item> int </item>
			<item> matrix </item>
			<item> alldiff </item>
		</list>
		<!-- Specifiy language in terms of contexts-->
		<contexts>			
			<context name="Top_Level" attribute="Normal Text" lineEndContext="#stay">
				<DetectSpaces />				
				<IncludeRules context="Strings" />
				<IncludeRules context="Multi Char Operators Def" />
				<DetectChar   context="Commentary"   char="$" />
				<AnyChar      context="#stay"        attribute="Single Char Operators"	String="|!:^*./=&lt;&gt;" />
				<keyword      context="#stay"        attribute="Misc"  			String="misc" />
				<keyword      context="#stay"        attribute="KeyWords"    		String="keywords" />
				<keyword      context="#stay"        attribute="Operator"      		String="operators" />
				<keyword      context="#stay"        attribute="Preprocessing"  	String="preproc" />	
				<RegExpr      context="#stay"        attribute="Number"        		String="(\d+(\.\d+)?|\.\d+)([eE][+-]?\d+)?[ij]?" />
				<RegExpr      context="#stay"        attribute="Variable"     		String="[a-zA-Z]\w*" />
			</context>
			<context name="Commentary" attribute="Commentary" lineEndContext="#pop">
			</context>	
			<context name="Strings"    attribute="Strings" lineEndContext="#stay">
				<RegExpr context="#stay" attribute="String" String="'([^'\\]|''|\\'|\\[^'])*'(?=[^']|$)" />
				<RegExpr context="#stay" attribute="Incomplete String" String="'([^']|''|\\')*" />
			</context>			
			<context name="Multi Char Operators Def" attribute="Single Char Operators" lineEndContext="#stay">
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="!="/>
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="/\"/>
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="\/"/>
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="=&gt;"/>
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="=&lt;"/>
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="&lt;lex"/>
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="&lt;=lex"/>
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="&gt;lex"/>
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="&gt;=lex"/>
				<StringDetect context="#stay" attribute="Multi Char Operators " String="&lt;=&gt;"/>
			</context>
		</contexts>
		<!-- Apply Style information-->
		<itemDatas>
			<itemData name="Normal Text" defStyleNum="dsNormal"/>
			<itemData name="Commentary"  defStyleNum="dsComment" color="#009900" italic="1" />
			<itemData name="Preprocessing" defStyleNum="dsKeyword"/>
			<itemData name="Single Char Operators" defStyleNum="dsDataType"  bold="1" />
			<itemData name="Multi Char Operators " defStyleNum="dsDataType"  bold="1" />
			<itemData name="KeyWords" defStyleNum="dsKeyword"/>
			<itemData name="Misc" defStyleNum="dsDataType"/>
		</itemDatas>
	</highlighting>
<!-- Specifiy Code Folding Information and comment information -->
   <general>
     <folding indentationsensitive="1" />
     <emptyLines>
       <emptyLine regexpr="\s+" casesensitive="false"/>
       <emptyLine regexpr="\s*#.*$" casesensitive="false"/>
     </emptyLines>
     <comments>
        <comment name="singleLine" start="$" position="afterwhitespace"/>
     </comments>
     <keywords casesensitive="1" />
   </general>
</language>