Gisted from https://github.com/mr-bt/raspberrypi-timemachine.
The following step are the ones that enable Time Machine backups with Raspberry Pi plus a bit of polishing to my taste.
I had a hard-drive serving as Time Machine disk. However, I couldn't mount the disk due to Apple Core Storage:
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: DE07BD84-C4E1-4229-81CD-E146E04D46C6
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 40 409639 409600 200M EFI System
/dev/sda2 409640 975539735 975130096 465G Apple Core storage
/dev/sda3 975539736 975801879 262144 128M Apple boot
/dev/sda4 975802368 1953523711 977721344 466.2G Microsoft basic data
StackOverflow thread mounting hfs partition on arch linux didn't work for me. Since the backups on that disk were a bit outdated I decided to format the partition and give it a go. Another alternative would be to use Disk Utility to get rid of Apple Core Storage but in my case not worth the effort.
So, format the HD on your Mac using Disk Utility. Settings used:
- Name:
Time Machine - Format:
Mac OS Extended (Journaled) - Scheme:
GUID Partition Map
Go to the Finder, then right-click the drive in the sidebar. Click “Get Info”.
Click the lock at bottom right, then enter your password. Next, check Ignore ownership on this volume. and give Read & Writepermissions to everyone.
Go to Pi (ssh'ed it!) and run:
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade
$ sudo apt-get --assume-yes install hfsprogs hfsplus
- Find the drive:
$ sudo fdisk -l
...
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 8192 3292968 3284777 1.6G e W95 FAT16 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 3292969 62333951 59040983 28.2G 5 Extended
/dev/mmcblk0p5 3293184 3358717 65534 32M 83 Linux
/dev/mmcblk0p6 3358720 3500031 141312 69M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p7 3506176 62333951 58827776 28.1G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: DE07BD84-C4E1-4229-81CD-E146E04D46C6
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 40 409639 409600 200M EFI System
/dev/sda2 409640 975539735 975130096 465G Apple HFS/HFS+
/dev/sda3 975802368 1953523711 977721344 466.2G Microsoft basic data
In my case my HD is connected to USB and the device is /dev/sda2. A good hint is the fs type Apple HFS/HFS+ or on other tools hfsx.
- Create your mounting point:
$ sudo mkdir -p /media/time_machine
- Check if Pi already auto-mounted your drive:
$ sudo mount
If it's mounted, you need to un-mount it or give it write permissions. In my case I didn't want to have it mounted on /media/pi/Time\ Machine so I un-mounted it:
$ sudo umount /dev/sda2
- mount drive using your editor of choice:
$ sudo vi /etc/fstab
Add to the end of the file:
/dev/sda2 /media/time_machine hfsplus force,rw,user,auto 0 0
Mount the drive
$ sudo mount -a
Check if it's mounted by finding the line like the bellow:
$ sudo mount
...
/dev/sda2 on /media/time_machine type hfsplus (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,umask=22,uid=0,gid=0,nls=utf8,user)
- Compile and Install Netatalk Netatalk simulates AFP, the network protocol Apple currently users for Time Machine backups.
Install dependencies
sudo aptitude install build-essential libevent-dev libssl-dev libgcrypt11-dev libkrb5-dev libpam0g-dev libwrap0-dev libdb-dev libtdb-dev avahi-daemon libavahi-client-dev libacl1-dev libldap2-dev libcrack2-dev systemtap-sdt-dev libdbus-1-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libio-socket-inet6-perl tracker libtracker-sparql-1.0-dev libtracker-miner-1.0-dev
Get source code. In my case I've got the latest version 3.1.11
$ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/netatalk/netatalk-3.1.11.tar.gz
$ tar -xf netatalk-3.1.11.tar.gz
Configure Netatalk settings before compiling
$ cd netatalk-3.1.10
$ ./configure \
--with-init-style=debian-systemd \
--without-libevent \
--without-tdb \
--with-cracklib \
--enable-krbV-uam \
--with-pam-confdir=/etc/pam.d \
--with-dbus-daemon=/usr/bin/dbus-daemon \
--with-dbus-sysconf-dir=/etc/dbus-1/system.d \
--with-tracker-pkgconfig-version=1.0
Check the configure output. I've bump into some issues with crablib not being present. If so, run:
$ sudo apt-get install libcrack2 libcrack2-dev cracklib-runtime
Assuming you don’t see any error messages, move on to make (note: it can take some time)
$ make
If you don't see any error messages
$ sudo make install
Check if netatalk is installed
$ netatalk -V
First let's set up nsswitch.conf by adding to the end of hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns line mdns4 mdns.
$ sudo vi /etc/nsswitch.conf
It should look like this:
# /etc/nsswitch.conf
#
# Example configuration of GNU Name Service Switch functionality.
# If you have the `glibc-doc-reference' and `info' packages installed, try:
# `info libc "Name Service Switch"' for information about this file.
passwd: compat
group: compat
shadow: compat
gshadow: files
hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 mdns
networks: files
protocols: db files
services: db files
ethers: db files
rpc: db files
netgroup: nis
This means your Time Machine drive will show up in Finder’s sidebar.
Next edit afpd.service
$ sudo vi /etc/avahi/services/afpd.service
Paste into afpd.service
<?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?><!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
<service-group>
<name replace-wildcards="yes">%h</name>
<service>
<type>_afpovertcp._tcp</type>
<port>548</port>
</service>
<service>
<type>_device-info._tcp</type>
<port>0</port>
<txt-record>model=TimeCapsule</txt-record>
</service>
</service-group>
This make Pi mimic Apples Time machine.
Set up afp.conf
$ sudo vi /usr/local/etc/afp.conf
add to the end
[Global]
mimic model = TimeCapsule6,106
[Time Machine]
path = /media/time_machine
time machine = yes
At last set AppleVolumes.default (might not be necessary)! I did it anyway...
$ sudo chmod 777 /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default
$ sudo vi /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default
and add to the end of the file
/media/time_machine "Time Machine" options:tm
$ sudo chmod 644 /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default
$ sudo service avahi-daemon start
$ sudo service netatalk start
$ sudo systemctl enable avahi-daemon
$ sudo systemctl enable netatalk
$ sudo adduser timemachine
$ sudo passwd timemachine # don't use this pw!
Go to your router and assign a static IP to your Pi.
Go to your Mac Finder you should see your Raspberry Pi there.
Click on Connect as and insert your credentials (user: timemachine). If doesn't work, connect to your Pi through its static IP. Open Finder, then hit Command+K on your keyboard and insert:
afp://{you Pi ip}
Go to System Preferences > Time Machine and clik on Select Disk.... Your Pi should show on the list. Select and use the settings that work best.