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April 26, 2016 01:46
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| <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /><title>Code of Federal Regulations</title><style type="text/css"> | |
| .FDSYSLINE {display:block;width:100%;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:left;border-bottom-style:solid;border-width:1px;} | |
| .CFRFDSYS {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;text-align:left;} | |
| .FDSYSANCESTORS, .FDSYSHEADINGTITLE2, .FDSYSORIGDATE, .FDSYSDATE, .FDSYSVOLUME {display:block;} | |
| .FDSYSNUMTITLE1 {display:block;font-weight:bolder;font-size:12pt;} | |
| .CFRDOC-AMDDATE {display:block;width:90%;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;text-align:right;} | |
| .TITLEPG-PUB, .FMTR-TITLEPG {display:block;width:90%;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;text-align:left;} | |
| .TITLEPG-SPECED, .TITLEPG-TITLENUM, .TITLEPG-ANCIL, .TITLEPG-CONTAINS, .TITLEPG-SUBJECT, .TITLEPG-REVISED, .TITLEPG-PARTS, .TITLEPG-CODE {display:block;} | |
| H1 {display:block;font-weight:bold; font-size:18pt;margin-top:10px;text-align:center;font-family:sans-serif;} | |
| .SUBCHAP-HED {text-align:center;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;} | |
| .SUBCHAP-RESERVED {text-align:center;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:1cm;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE, .CFRDOC {font-family:sans-serif;font-size:10pt;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-CHAPINDX, .CFRGRANULE-BMTR, .APPENDIX-GPH, .CFRGRANULE-TOC, .CFRGRANULE-CROSSREF {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;text-align:left;} | |
| .CFRDOC-CHAPINDX, .CFRDOC-BMTR, .CFRDOC-TOC, .CFRDOC-CROSSREF {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;text-align:left;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-CONTENTS, CFRDOC-CONTENTS {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;text-align:left;} | |
| .SUBPART-SUBJGRP, .CFRGRANULE-SOURCE, CFRDOC-SOURCE, .CFRGRANULE-AUTH, .CFRDOC-AUTH {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:left;} | |
| .REVTXT-SECTION {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:25px;margin-bottom:25px;} | |
| .CONTENTS-SUBPART {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:left;} | |
| .EXAMPLE-LDRWK {display:block;width:50%;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:left;} | |
| .PART-AUTH {display:block;width:100%;text-align:left;} | |
| .EXPLA-SIG, .EXPLA-IPAR, .CFRGRANULE-ALPHLIST, .CFRDOC-ALPHLIST, .TOCTAC-TITLENO {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;} | |
| .PART-ROPIND {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:2cm;text-align:left;} | |
| .ROPIND-HED {display:block;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:12pt;text-align:center;} | |
| .ROPIND-SUBJECT {display:block;text-align:left;clear:both;font-style:italic;} | |
| .ROPIND-SUBJL {display:block;width:55%;text-align:left;float:left;} | |
| .ROPIND-SUBJ1L {display:block;width:55%;text-align:left;float:left;} | |
| .ROPIND-SUBJ2L {display:block;width:53.53%;text-align:left;margin-left:0.5cm;float:left;} | |
| .ROPIND-SECTNO {display:block;width:25%;text-align:right;margin-right:1cm;float:left;clear:right;} | |
| .TITLENO-SUBTI, .TOC-EXPL, .TITLENO-CHAPTI {width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:5px;} | |
| .CFRTOC-CHAPTI {display:block;width:100%;margin-bottom:2px;margin-top:1px;} | |
| .SUBJGRP-SECTION, .SUBPART-SECTION {width:100%;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:20px;} | |
| .SECTION-LDRWK {width:70%;margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:5px;display:block;} | |
| .PART-SECTION {width:100%;margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:10px;display:block;} | |
| .TOC-TITLENO {display:block;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:5px;} | |
| .TOC-CHAPTI, .TOC-FAIDS {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:0.5cm;margin-bottom:0.5cm;text-align:left;} | |
| .CFRTOC-ABBR {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;text-align:left;} | |
| .SSAINDEX-EDNOTE, .AR-NOTE, .AR-PUBLI {width:100%;text-indent:1cm;} | |
| .SECTION-EXTRACT {display:block;width:100%;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:10px;font-size:8pt;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-SECTION, .CFRDOC-SECTION {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;text-align:left;} | |
| .APPENDIX-LDRWK {display:block;margin-left:1cm;margin-top:10px;text-align:left;width:60%;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-GROUPHD, .CFRDOC-GROUPHD {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;text-align:left;} | |
| .BMTR-INCORP {display:block;width:100%;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;text-align:left;} | |
| /*.CFRTOC-PTHD {font-style:italic;display:block;text-align:right;width:80%;} */ | |
| .SUPPLPUB-HED {font-weight:bold;display:block;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-HED, .CFRDOC-HED, .TOC-HED {margin-left:1cm;font-size:12pt;display:block;border-bottom-style:double;border-width:2px; border-color:black;margin-top:3cm;margin-bottom:2cm;text-align:center;} | |
| .EXTRACT-CTRHD, .CTRHD-FP {display:block;text-align:left;margin-left:1cm;margin-top:20px;} | |
| .CHAPTI-RESERVED {text-align:left;margin-left:2cm;float:left;} | |
| /*.CHAPTI-SUBJECT {text-align:left;width:85%;margin-left:1cm;float:left;}*/ | |
| .CHAPTI-SUBJECT {text-align:left;width:90%;text-indent:1cm;float:left;display:block;} | |
| .EXPL-SUBJECT {text-align:left;width:90%;display:block;float:left;} | |
| .SUBTI-HED {text-align:left;width:73.5%;margin-left:1cm;float:left;} | |
| .SUBTI-PG {width:5%;text-align:left;display:inline;float:left;} | |
| .EXPL-PG, .CHAPTI-PG {width:10%;text-align:right;} | |
| .MATH-MID {text-align:left;margin-left:2cm;font-size:9pt;font-style:italic;display:block;} | |
| .FAIDS-PG {width:10%;text-align:right;} | |
| .FAIDS-HED {text-align:left;margin-top:5px;display:block;margin-bottom:10px;} | |
| /*.FAIDS-SUBJECT {text-align:left;width:77%;}*/ | |
| .SIG-NAME {text-align:right;width:90%;display:block;text-transform:uppercase;} | |
| .SIG-OFFICE, .SIG-POSITION {text-align:right;width:90%;display:block;text-style:italic;} | |
| .EXPLA-DATE {text-align:left;margin-left:1cm;width:90%;display:block;text-style:italic;font-weight:bold;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-HED, CFRDOC-HED, .CFRGRANULE-PROC, .CFRDOC-PROC {text-align:center;font-size:12pt;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;width:100%;clear:both;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-MEMO, .CFRDOC-MEMO {text-align:left;margin-left:1cm;margin-top:0.5cm;margin-bottom:0.5cm;width:100%;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-RESERVED, .CFRDOC-RESERVED {width:75%;text-align:left;display:block;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-ENTRY, .CFRDOC-ENTRY {width:75%;text-align:left;float:left;display:block;margin-bottom:20px;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-PG, .CFRDOC-PG {width:80%;text-align:right;display:block;float:left;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-DETNO, CFRDOC-DETNO, .CFRGRANULE-PNOTICE, .CFRDOC-PNOTICE, .CFRGRANULE-DATE, .CFRDOC-DATE {margin-left:1cm;font-style:italic;display:block;margin-top:0.5cm;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-STUB, .CFRDOC-STUB {text-align:left;display:block;width:90%;float:left;font-weight:bold;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-SUBJECT, CFRDOC-SUBJECT {margin-left:1cm;text-align:left;display:block;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-SUBJECT1, .CFRDOC-SUBJECT1 {margin-left:2cm;text-align:left;display:block;} | |
| .EXPLA-HED, .THISTITL-HED {display:block;font-size:12pt;text-align:left;margin-bottom:1cm;margin-top:1cm;} | |
| .LSA-HED, .ALPHLIST-HED {display:block;font-size:12pt;text-align:center;margin-left:1cm;margin-top:3cm;width:80%;border-bottom-style:double;border-width:5px;} | |
| /* | |
| .LDRWK-FL-2 {display:inline;text-align:left;margin-top:10px;} | |
| .LDRWK-LDRFIG {display:inline;text-align:right;display:block;} | |
| .LDRWK-FL-2 {text-align:left;margin-left:1cm;float:left;clear:left;width:80%;border:1px solid black;} | |
| .LDRWK-LDRFIG {text-align:right;display:block;width:100%;border:1px solid black;clear:right;} | |
| */ | |
| .LDRWK-FL-2 {text-align:left;width:90%;float:left;} | |
| .LDRWK-LDRFIG {text-align:right;width:100%;display:block;} | |
| .INCORP-RRH, .INCORP-LRH {text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;display:block;} | |
| .INCORP-HED {text-align:center;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:1cm;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-TABLHED, .CFRDOC-TABLHED {text-align:center;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:3cm;font-size:12pt;clear:both;} | |
| .PART-CITA, .CHAPTER-JOURNAL {text-align:left;margin-left:0.5cm;display:block;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;clear:both;} | |
| .EXTRACT-DOCKETHD {font-variant:small-caps;text-align:center;display:block;} | |
| .EXTRACT-HD1 {font-variant:small-caps;text-align:left;display:block;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:10px;} | |
| .EXTRACT-FP {display:block;text-align:left;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:10px;} | |
| .SECTION-APPRO, .SECTION-FP {display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:5px;} | |
| .SECTION-EXT-XREF {display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:5px;} | |
| .SECTION-BOXTXT {text-indent:2cm;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;display:block;padding:10px;width:80%;margin:20px;} | |
| .GPH-GID {text-indent:1cm;display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:20px;} | |
| .APPENDIX-SECAUTH, .GPH-BCAP {text-indent:1cm;display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:5px;} | |
| .SSAINDEX-HED, .ACQRUL-HED, .ABBR-HED {font-size:12pt;font-variant:small-caps;text-indent:1cm;display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;} | |
| .EXTRACT-HD2 {text-align:left;margin-left:1cm;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:20px;} | |
| .EDNOTE-NOTE-HED {font-variant:small-caps;text-indent:2cm;} | |
| .ACQRUL-E-04 {font-size:12pt;font-variant:small-caps;} | |
| .ACQRUL-E-03 {font-style:italic;margin-top:25px;text-indent:2cm;} | |
| .CHAPTER-CHAPNO {margin-left:1cm;font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;display:block;text-align:left;} | |
| .CHAPTER-OWNER {font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold;margin-top:20px;margin-left:1cm;display:block;text-align:left;} | |
| .CHAPTER-ADDR {display:block;margin-bottom:10px;text-align:left;margin-left:1cm;} | |
| .CHAPTER-AGENCY, .CHAPTER-AVAIL {display:block;text-indent:1cm;text-align:left;margin-bottom:5px;width:80%;} | |
| .CHAPTER-CFRHD {text-align:right;display:block;margin-right:1cm;margin-bottom:5px} | |
| .CUSTOM-CHAPTER-PUBLI {font-style:normal;} | |
| .CUSTOM-CHAPTER-CFRNO {font-style:normal;} | |
| .CHAPTER-CFRNO-MAINCONTAINER {margin-top:-33px;width:1200px;} | |
| .CHAPTER-CFRNO-MAINCONTAINER2 {margin-bottom:10px;width:1200px;clear:both;} | |
| .CHAPTER-CFRNO-SIDECONTAINER {width:350px;padding:10px;margin:0px;float:left;} | |
| .CHAPTER-CFRNO-CONTENTCONTAINER {width:400px;padding:10px;text-align:right;margin:0px;float:left;} | |
| .CUSTOM-CHAPTER-CFRNO-DUMP {text-align:right;} | |
| .CHAPTER-PUBLI-CONTAINER {text-align:left;width:650px;padding:5px;display:block;} | |
| .CHAPTER-ANOTE {text-indent:1cm;display:block;margin-bottom:10px} | |
| .FAIDS-SUBJECT {text-indent:1cm;display:block;text-align:left;float:left;width:90%;} | |
| /*.FAIDS-PG {position:absolute;right:5cm;margin-top:-17px;text-align:right;}*/ | |
| .CHAPINDX-SUBJECT {display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:10px;font-weight:bold;width:100%;} | |
| .CHAPINDX-SUBJL {display:inline;text-indent:1cm;display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:10px;} | |
| .CHAPINDX-PT {display:inline;text-align:right;} | |
| .LSA-PUBYEAR {display:block;margin-top:2cm;margin-bottom:2cm;text-align:center;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-APPHED, .CFRGRANULE-APP, .CFRDOC-APPHED, .CFRDOC-APP {display:block;text-indent:1cm;text-align:left;width:60%;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-PG, .CFRDOC-PG {text-align:right;display:block;margin-right:6cm;margin-top:-22px;} | |
| .CHAPINDX-HED, .BLMINDEX-ALPHHD, .CHAPINDX-ALPHHD {text-align:center;width:100%;font-weight:bold;display:block;font-size:12pt;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:10px;} | |
| .BLMINDEX-HD2, .BLMINDEX-HD {text-align:left;display:block;text-indent:2cm;margin-top:10px;} | |
| .BLMINDEX-STUB {display:block;text-align:right;margin-right:1cm;margin-top:-18px;} | |
| .REGINDEX-INDEXHD {text-align:center;font-weight:bold;display:block;font-size:12pt;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:20px;} | |
| .REGINDEX-ALPHHD {margin-left:3cm;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;display:block;font-size:12pt;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:1cm;} | |
| .REGINDEX-FP {text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:1cm;} | |
| .PUBYEAR-YEAR {text-align:center;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-bottom:10px;} | |
| .PUBYEAR-CFRNO {text-align:left;font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-bottom:20px;} | |
| .PUBYEAR-VOLHD {text-align:right;display:block;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:-42px;} | |
| .PUBYEAR-PGHD {text-align:right;display:block;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:-19px;} | |
| .PUBYEAR-REV, .PUBYEAR-CHAPNO, .PUBYEAR-ENTRY {text-align:left;display:block;} | |
| .PUBYEAR-PG {text-align:right;display:block;margin-top:-20px;} | |
| .PUBYEAR-MOREPGS {text-indent:2cm;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;display:block;padding:10px;width:80%;margin:20px;} | |
| .PUBLI1-SU {vertical-align:super} | |
| .CHED-SU, .FP-SU, .P-SU {vertical-align:super;font-size:8pt;font-weight:bolder;} | |
| .P-FR {font-size:8pt} | |
| .SECTION-FTNT {margin-left:0.5cm;font-size:8pt;display:block;width:90%;} | |
| .TITLEHD-HED {display:block;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;text-align:center;margin-top:3cm;margin-bottom:1cm;border-bottom-style:double;border-width:2px;} | |
| .BLMINDEX-HED, .CHAPTER-HED, .TOCTAC-HED, .SUBTITLE-HED {font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12pt;display:block;border-bottom-style:double;border-width:2px; border-color:black;margin-top:2cm;text-align:center;} | |
| .TOCHD-HED {font-family:sans-serif;font-size:10pt;display:block;border-bottom-style:double;border-width:2px; border-color:black;margin-top:2cm;text-align:center;} | |
| .SUBJGRP-HD1 {display:block;font-weight:bolder;margin-bottom:10px;} | |
| .PART-HED {font-weight:bold;display:block;margin-top:1cm;margin-bottom:1cm;text-align:center;} | |
| .PART-RESERVED {font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;display:block;margin-top:3cm;margin-bottom:3px;text-align:center;} | |
| .APPENDIX-LHD1, .APPENDIX-HD3, .APPENDIX-HD1 {font-weight:bold;display:block;text-align:left;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:10px} | |
| .APPENDIX-HED {font-weight:bold;display:block;text-align:left;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:15px} | |
| .APPENDIX-HD2 {font-weight:bold;display:block;font-size:12pt;text-align:center;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:20px} | |
| .SIDEHED-HED {display:block;text-align:left;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:10px} | |
| .SUBPART-APP {font-weight:bold;text-align:center;margin-top:10pt;margin-bottom:10pt;display:block;} | |
| .SUBJGRP-HED {margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:15pt;display:block;font-weight:bold;width:80%;} | |
| .CONTENTS-APP {display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:1cm;text-indent:2cm;font-weight:bold;} | |
| .SECTION-SECTNO {font-weight:bold;text-align:left;width:15%;float:left;} | |
| .SECTION-SUBJECT {font-weight:bold;width:70%;} | |
| .SECTION-RESERVED {font-weight:bold;width:70%;} | |
| .SUBJGRP-SECTNO, .CONTENTS-SECTNO {font-weight:bold;display:block;text-align:left;width:10%;float:left;} | |
| .SUBJGRP-SUBJECT {width:100%;display:block;text-align:left;} | |
| .CONTENTS-SUBJECT {width:100%;display:block;text-align:left;} | |
| .PART-CONTENTS {display:block;width:100%;} | |
| .HED-P, .AUTH-SOURCE-P {width:80%;display:block;} | |
| .CROSSREF-HED, .SOURCE-HED, .AUTH-HED {font-weight:bold;display:block;text-align:left;width:10%;float:left;} | |
| .INCORP-REV, .BLMINDEX-DATE, .TOCTAC-REV {font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;text-align:center;display:block;} | |
| .ALPHLIST-AGHD {font-weight:bold;text-align:left;margin-left:1cm;display:block;width:30%;float:left;} | |
| .ALPHLIST-AGENCY {text-align:left;display:block;width:70%;float:left;} | |
| .ALPHLIST-SUBAGCY {text-align:left;margin-left:1cm;display:block;width:65.7%;float:left;} | |
| .ALPHLIST-CFRHD {font-weight:bold;text-align:right;display:block;width:90%;} | |
| .ALPHLIST-CFRID {text-align:right;display:block;width:90%;} | |
| .LSA-LRH {text-align:left;float:left;width:30%;display:block;clear:both;} | |
| .LSA-RRH {float:left;width:50%;display:block;} | |
| .GID {font-family:Sans-serif;font-size:10pt;margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:6pt;display:block;} | |
| .ALPHLIST-REV {text-align:center;font-weight:bold; font-size:8pt;display:block;margin-bottom:1cm;width:80%;} | |
| .TOCTAC-CHHD, .APPENDIX-EAR, .CHAPTER-LRH, .CHAPTER-RRH, .TITLE-LRH, .TITLE-RRH, .PART-EAR {display:block;font-weight:bold;margin-top:5px;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-LRH,.CFRDOC-LRH, .CFRGRANULE-RRH,.CFRDOC-RRH {display:none;} | |
| .FAIDS-P, .EFFDNOTP-P, .APPENDIX-P, .AUTH-P, .SOURCE-P, .SIDEHED-P, .THISTITL-P, .SECTION-P, .EXTRACT-P {display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;width:80%;} | |
| .CHAPINDX-FP {text-indent:2cm;display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;width:100%;} | |
| .APPENDIX-FP {text-indent:1cm;display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt;font-style:italic;} | |
| .CHAPTI-PT {text-align:left;width:5%;float:left;display:inline;clear:left;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-PTHD, .CFRDOC-PTHD {text-align:left;font-style:italic;width:40%;display:block;float:left;} | |
| .CFRGRANULE-PGHD, .CFRDOC-PGHD {text-align:right;margin-right:1cm;font-style:italic;width:45%;display:block;float:left;} | |
| .TOC-PTHD {font-style:italic;width:10%;float:left;} | |
| .CFRTOC-PTHD, .TOC-PGHD {font-style:italic;display:block;text-align:right;width:90%;} | |
| .TITLENO-SUBTITL {text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:15px;display:block;text-align:left;margin-bottom:15px;width:90%;} | |
| .TITLENO-HED {margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:10px;display:block;} | |
| .TITLENO-RESERVED {font-size:12pt;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:15px;display:block;font-weight:bold;} | |
| .MyTITLENO-HED {font-size:12pt;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:15px;display:block;font-weight:bold;width:90%;} | |
| .SUBPART-SECTNO {display:block;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;float:left;width:12%;} | |
| .SUBPART-SUBJECT {display:block;text-align:left;width:90%;} | |
| .TITLENO-SUBJECT {text-indent:2cm;display:block;text-align:left;} | |
| .SUBJECT-PREVCHAPNO {text-indent:1px;display:block;text-align:left;width:90%;} | |
| .TITLENO-CHAPNO {display:block;text-align:left;width:10%;float:left;} | |
| .SUBJGRP-SECHD, .SUBPART-SECHD {display:block;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;} | |
| .CONTENTS-SECHD {display:block;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;} | |
| .MyRESERVED {font-weight:bold;display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;} | |
| .SUBPART-HED {font-weight:bold;display:block;text-align:left;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:10px;} | |
| .EXPL {display:block;width:500px;} | |
| .EXPL {width:100%;} | |
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| </style><link/></head><body style="margin-left:50px;margin-right:50px;"><center><H1>Code of Federal Regulations</H1></center><span class="CFRGRANULE -CFRGRANULE"> | |
| <div class="CFRFDSYS"><div class="FDSYSLINE"></div></div><div class="CFRFDSYS"><span class="FDSYSNUMTITLE1">Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space</span></div><div class="CFRFDSYS"><div class="FDSYSLINE"></div></div><div class="CFRFDSYS"><span class="FDSYSVOLUME">Volume: 2</span><span class="FDSYSDATE">Date: 2016-01-01</span><span class="FDSYSORIGDATE">Original Date: 2016-01-01</span><span class="FDSYSHEADINGTITLE2">Title: PART 61 - CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS</span><span class="FDSYSANCESTORS">Context: | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space. CHAPTER I - FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED). SUBCHAPTER D - AIRMEN. </span></div><div class="CFRFDSYS"><div class="FDSYSLINE"></div></div> | |
| <span class="PART CFRGRANULE-PART"> | |
| <span class="EAR PART-EAR">Pt. 61</span> | |
| <span class="HD PART-HED">PART 61—CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS</span> | |
| <span class="CONTENTS PART-CONTENTS"> | |
| <span class="APP CONTENTS-APP">Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 73</span> | |
| <span class="APP CONTENTS-APP">Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 100-2</span> | |
| <span class="APP CONTENTS-APP">Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 108 [Note]</span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart A—General</span> | |
| <span class="SECHD SUBPART-SECHD">Sec.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.1">61.1</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Applicability and definitions.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.2">61.2</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Exercise of Privilege.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.3">61.3</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Requirement for certificates, ratings, and authorizations.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.4">61.4</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Qualification and approval of flight simulators and flight training devices.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.5">61.5</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Certificates and ratings issued under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.7">61.7</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Obsolete certificates and ratings.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.9">61.9</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.11">61.11</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Expired pilot certificates and reissuance.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.13">61.13</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Issuance of airman certificates, ratings, and authorizations.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.14">61.14</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.15">61.15</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Offenses involving alcohol or drugs.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.16">61.16</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Refusal to submit to an alcohol test or to furnish test results.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.17">61.17</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Temporary certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.18">61.18</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Security disqualification.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.19">61.19</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Duration of pilot and instructor certificates.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.21">61.21</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Duration of a Category II and a Category III pilot authorization (for other than part 121 and part 135 use).</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.23">61.23</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Medical certificates: Requirement and duration.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.25">61.25</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Change of name.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.27">61.27</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Voluntary surrender or exchange of certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.29">61.29</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Replacement of a lost or destroyed airman or medical certificate or knowledge test report.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.31">61.31</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.33">61.33</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Tests: General procedure.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.35">61.35</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Knowledge test: Prerequisites and passing grades.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.37">61.37</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Knowledge tests: Cheating or other unauthorized conduct.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.39">61.39</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Prerequisites for practical tests.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.41">61.41</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight training received from flight instructors not certificated by the FAA.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.43">61.43</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Practical tests: General procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.45">61.45</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.47">61.47</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Status of an examiner who is authorized by the Administrator to conduct practical tests.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.49">61.49</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Retesting after failure.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.51">61.51</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Pilot logbooks.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.52">61.52</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Use of aeronautical experience obtained in ultralight vehicles.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.53">61.53</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Prohibition on operations during medical deficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.55">61.55</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Second-in-command qualifications.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.56">61.56</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight review.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.57">61.57</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Recent flight experience: Pilot in command.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.58">61.58</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Pilot-in-command proficiency check: Operation of an aircraft that requires more than one pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.59">61.59</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Falsification, reproduction, or alteration of applications, certificates, logbooks, reports, or records.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.60">61.60</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Change of address.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.61">61.61</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.63">61.63</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Additional aircraft ratings (other than for ratings at the airline transport pilot certification level).</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.64">61.64</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Use of a flight simulator and flight training device.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.65">61.65</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Instrument rating requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.67">61.67</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Category II pilot authorization requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.68">61.68</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Category III pilot authorization requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.69">61.69</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing: Experience and training requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.71">61.71</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Graduates of an approved training program other than under this part: Special rules.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.73">61.73</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rules.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.75">61.75</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Private pilot certificate issued on the basis of a foreign pilot license.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.77">61.77</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Special purpose pilot authorization: Operation of a civil aircraft of the United States and leased by a non-U.S. citizen.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart C—Student Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.81">61.81</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.83">61.83</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements for student pilots.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.85">61.85</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Application.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.87">61.87</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Solo requirements for student pilots.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.89">61.89</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">General limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.91">61.91</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.93 ">61.93 </a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Solo cross-country flight requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.94">61.94</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate: Operations at airports within, and in airspace located within, Class B, C, and D airspace, or at airports with an operational control tower in other airspace.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.95">61.95</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Operations in Class B airspace and at airports located within Class B airspace.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">382</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart D—Recreational Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.96">61.96</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Applicability and eligibility requirements: General.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.97">61.97</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.98">61.98</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.99">61.99</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.100">61.100</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Pilots based on small islands.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.101">61.101</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Recreational pilot privileges and limitations.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart E—Private Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.102">61.102</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.103">61.103</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements: General.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.105">61.105</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.107">61.107</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.109">61.109</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.110">61.110</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Night flying exceptions.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.111">61.111</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Cross-country flights: Pilots based on small islands.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.113">61.113</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in command.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.115">61.115</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Balloon rating: Limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.117">61.117</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Private pilot privileges and limitations: Second in command of aircraft requiring more than one pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.118-61.120">61.118-61.120</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart F—Commercial Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.121">61.121</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.123">61.123</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements: General.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.125">61.125</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.127">61.127</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.129">61.129</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.131">61.131</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Exceptions to the night flying requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.133">61.133</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Commercial pilot privileges and limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.135-61.141">61.135-61.141</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart G—Airline Transport Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.151">61.151</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.153">61.153</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements: General.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.155">61.155</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.156">61.156</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Training requirements: Airplane category—multiengine class rating or airplane type rating concurrently with airline transport pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.157">61.157</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.158">61.158</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.159">61.159</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience: Airplane category rating.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.160">61.160</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience—airplane category restricted privileges.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.161">61.161</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience: Rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.163">61.163</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience: Powered-lift category rating.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.165">61.165</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Additional aircraft category and class ratings.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.167">61.167</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Airline transport pilot privileges and limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.169">61.169</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Letters of authorization for institutions of higher education.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.170-61.171">61.170-61.171</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart H—Flight Instructors Other Than Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.181">61.181</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.183">61.183</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.185">61.185</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.187">61.187</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.189">61.189</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight instructor records.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.191">61.191</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Additional flight instructor ratings.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.193">61.193</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight instructor privileges.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.195">61.195</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Flight instructor limitations and qualifications.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.197">61.197</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Renewal requirements for flight instructor certification.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.199">61.199</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Reinstatement requirements of an expired flight instructor certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.201">61.201</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart I—Ground Instructors</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.211">61.211</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.213">61.213</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.215">61.215</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Ground instructor privileges.</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.217">61.217</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Recent experience requirements.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart J—Sport Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.301">61.301</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What is the purpose of this subpart and to whom does it apply?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.303">61.303</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">If I want to operate a light-sport aircraft, what operating limits and endorsement requirements in this subpart must I comply with?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.305">61.305</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What are the age and language requirements for a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.307">61.307</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What tests do I have to take to obtain a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.309">61.309</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.311">61.311</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.313">61.313</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.315">61.315</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What are the privileges and limits of my sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.317">61.317</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Is my sport pilot certificate issued with aircraft category and class ratings?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.319">61.319</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.321">61.321</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">How do I obtain privileges to operate an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.323">61.323</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">[Reserved]</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.325">61.325</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">How do I obtain privileges to operate a light-sport aircraft at an airport within, or in airspace within, Class B, C, and D airspace, or in other airspace with an airport having an operational control tower?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.327">61.327</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Are there specific endorsement requirements to operate a light-sport aircraft based on V<span class="E-52">H</span>?</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART CONTENTS-SUBPART"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">383</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.401">61.401</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What is the purpose of this subpart?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.403">61.403</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What are the age, language, and pilot certificate requirements for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.405">61.405</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What tests do I have to take to obtain a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.407">61.407</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.409">61.409</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.411">61.411</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.413">61.413</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What are the privileges of my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.415">61.415</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What are the limits of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.417">61.417</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">Will my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating list aircraft category and class ratings?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.419">61.419</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">How do I obtain privileges to provide training in an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.421">61.421</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">May I give myself an endorsement?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.423">61.423</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What are the recordkeeping requirements for a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.425">61.425</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">How do I renew my flight instructor certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.427">61.427</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">What must I do if my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating expires?</span> | |
| <span class="SECTNO SUBPART-SECTNO"><a href="#seqnum61.429">61.429</a></span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SUBPART-SUBJECT">May I exercise the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating if I hold a flight instructor certificate with another rating?</span> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="AUTH PART-AUTH"> | |
| <span class="HD AUTH-HED">Authority:</span> | |
| <span class="AUTH-SOURCE-P">49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-44711, 44729, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SOURCE PART-SOURCE"> | |
| <span class="HD SOURCE-HED">Source:</span> | |
| <span class="AUTH-SOURCE-P">Docket No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, unless otherwise noted.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="APPENDIX PART-APPENDIX"> | |
| <span class="EAR APPENDIX-EAR">Pt. 61, SFAR No. 73</span> | |
| <span class="HD APPENDIX-HED">Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 73—Robinson R-22/R-44 Special Training and Experience Requirements</span> | |
| <span class="HD APPENDIX-HD3">Sections</span> | |
| <span class="P">1. Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="P">2. Required training, aeronautical experience, endorsements, and flight review.</span> | |
| <span class="P">3. Expiration date.</span> | |
| <span class="P">1. Applicability. Under the procedures prescribed herein, this SFAR applies to all persons who seek to manipulate the controls or act as pilot in command of a Robinson model R-22 or R-44 helicopter. The requirements stated in this SFAR are in addition to the current requirements of part 61.</span> | |
| <span class="P">2. Required training, aeronautical experience, endorsements, and flight review.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Awareness Training:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, no person may manipulate the controls of a Robinson model R-22 or R-44 helicopter after March 27, 1995, for the purpose of flight unless the awareness training specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section is completed and the person's logbook has been endorsed by a certified flight instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A person who holds a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating on that person's pilot certificate and meets the experience requirements of paragraph (b)(1) or paragraph (b)(2) of this section may not manipulate the controls of a Robinson model R-22 or R-44 helicopter for the purpose of flight after April 26, 1995, unless the awareness training specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section is completed and the person's logbook has been endorsed by a certified flight instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Awareness training must be conducted by a certified flight instructor who has been endorsed under paragraph (b)(5) of this section and consists of instruction in the following general subject areas:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Energy management;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Mast bumping;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Low rotor RPM (blade stall);</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Low G hazards; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Rotor RPM decay.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) A person who can show satisfactory completion of the manufacturer's safety course after January 1, 1994, may obtain an endorsement from an FAA aviation safety inspector in lieu of completing the awareness training required in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Aeronautical Experience:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) No person may act as pilot in command of a Robinson model R-22 unless that person:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Has had at least 200 flight hours in helicopters, at least 50 flight hours of which were in the Robinson R-22; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Has had at least 10 hours dual instruction in the Robinson R-22 and has received an endorsement from a certified flight instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section that the individual has been given the training required by this paragraph and is proficient to act as pilot in command of an R-22. Beginning 12 calendar months after the date of the endorsement, the individual may not act as pilot in command unless the individual has completed a flight review in an R-22 within the preceding 12 calendar months and obtained an endorsement for that flight review. The dual instruction must include at least the following abnormal and emergency procedures flight training:</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">384</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures,</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor,</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery, and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) No person may act as pilot in command of a Robinson R-44 unless that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Has had at least 200 flight hours in helicopters, at least 50 flight hours of which were in the Robinson R-44. The pilot in command may credit up to 25 flight hours in the Robinson R-22 toward the 50 hour requirement in the Robinson R-44; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Has had at least 10 hours dual instruction in a Robinson helicopter, at least 5 hours of which must have been accomplished in the Robinson R-44 helicopter and has received an endorsement from a certified flight instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section that the individual has been given the training required by this paragraph and is proficient to act as pilot in command of an R-44. Beginning 12 calendar months after the date of the endorsement, the individual may not act as pilot in command unless the individual has completed a flight review in a Robinson R-44 within the preceding 12 calendar months and obtained an endorsement for that flight review. The dual instruction must include at least the following abnormal and emergency procedures flight training—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A person who does not hold a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating must have had at least 20 hours of dual instruction in a Robinson R-22 helicopter prior to operating it in solo flight. In addition, the person must obtain an endorsement from a certified flight instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section that instruction has been given in those maneuvers and procedures, and the instructor has found the applicant proficient to solo a Robinson R-22. This endorsement is valid for a period of 90 days. The dual instruction must include at least the following abnormal and emergency procedures flight training:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures,</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor,</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery, and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) A person who does not hold a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating must have had at least 20 hours of dual instruction in a Robinson R-44 helicopter prior to operating it in solo flight. In addition, the person must obtain an endorsement from a certified flight instructor authorized under paragraph (b)(5) of this section that instruction has been given in those maneuvers and procedures, and the instructor has found the applicant proficient to solo a Robinson R-44. This endorsement is valid for a period of 90 days. The dual instruction must include at least the following abnormal and emergency procedures flight training:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures,</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor,</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery, and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) No certificated flight instructor may provide instruction or conduct a flight review in a Robinson R-22 or R-44 unless that instructor—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Completes the awareness training in paragraph 2(a) of this SFAR.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For the Robinson R-22, has had at least 200 flight hours in helicopters, at least 50 flight hours of which were in the Robinson R-22, or for the Robinson R-44, has had at least 200 flight hours in helicopters, 50 flight hours of which were in Robinson helicopters. Up to 25 flight hours of Robinson R-22 flight time may be credited toward the 50 hour requirement.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Has completed flight training in a Robinson R-22, R-44, or both, on the following abnormal and emergency procedures—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Enhanced training in autorotation procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Engine rotor RPM control without the use of the governor;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Low rotor RPM recognition and recovery; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) Effects of low G maneuvers and proper recovery procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Has been authorized by endorsement from an FAA aviation safety inspector or authorized designated examiner that the instructor has completed the appropriate training, meets the experience requirements and has satisfactorily demonstrated an ability to provide instruction on the general subject areas of paragraph 2(a)(3) of this SFAR, and the flight training identified in paragraph 2(b)(5)(iii) of this SFAR.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Flight Review:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) No flight review completed to satisfy § 61.56 by an individual after becoming eligible to function as pilot in command in a Robinson R-22 helicopter shall be valid for the operation of R-22 helicopter unless that flight review was taken in an R-22.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">385</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) No flight review completed to satisfy § 61.56 by individual after becoming eligible to function as pilot in command in a Robinson R-44 helicopter shall be valid for the operation of R-44 helicopter unless that flight review was taken in the R-44.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The flight review will include a review of the awareness training subject areas of paragraph 2(a)(3) of this SFAR and the flight training identified in paragraph 2(b) of this SFAR.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Currency Requirements: No person may act as pilot in command of a Robinson model R-22 or R-44 helicopter carrying passengers unless the pilot in command has met the recency of flight experience requirements of § 61.57 in an R-22 or R-44, as appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">3. <span class="E-03">Expiration date.</span> This SFAR No. 73 shall remain in effect until it is revised or rescinded.</span> | |
| <span class="CITA APPENDIX-CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by SFAR 73-1, 63 FR 666, Jan. 7, 1998; 68 FR 43, Jan. 2, 2003; Amdt. 61-120, 73 FR 17246, Apr. 1, 2008; Amdt. SFAR 73-2, 74 FR 25650, May 29, 2009]</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="APPENDIX PART-APPENDIX"> | |
| <span class="EAR APPENDIX-EAR">Pt. 61, SFAR No. 100-2</span> | |
| <span class="HD APPENDIX-HED">Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 100-2—Relief for U.S. Military and Civilian Personnel Who are Assigned Outside the United States in Support of U.S. Armed Forces Operations</span> | |
| <span class="APPENDIXP HED-P">1. <span class="E-03">Applicability.</span> Flight Standards District Offices are authorized to accept from an eligible person, as described in paragraph 2 of this SFAR, the following:<p></p></span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) An expired flight instructor certificate to show eligibility for renewal of a flight instructor certificate under § 61.197, or an expired written test report to show eligibility under part 61 to take a practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) An expired written test report to show eligibility under §§ 63.33 and 63.57 to take a practical test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) An expired written test report to show eligibility to take a practical test required under part 65 or an expired inspection authorization to show eligibility for renewal under § 65.93.</span> | |
| <span class="P">2. <span class="E-03">Eligibility.</span> A person is eligible for the relief described in paragraph 1 of this SFAR if:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) The person served in a U.S. military or civilian capacity outside the United States in support of the U.S. Armed Forces' operation during some period of time from September 11, 2001, to termination of SFAR 100-2;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The person's flight instructor certificate, airman written test report, or inspection authorization expired some time between September 11, 2001, and 6 calendar months after returning to the United States or termination of SFAR 100-2, whichever is earlier; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) The person complies with § 61.197 or § 65.93 of this chapter, as appropriate, or completes the appropriate practical test within 6 calendar months after returning to the United States, or upon termination of SFAR 100-2, whichever is earlier.</span> | |
| <span class="P">3. <span class="E-03">Required documents.</span> The person must send the Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application (FAA Form 8710-1) to the appropriate Flight Standards District Office. The person must include with the application one of the following documents, which must show the date of assignment outside the United States and the date of return to the United States:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) An official U.S. Government notification of personnel action, or equivalent document, showing the person was a civilian on official duty for the U.S. Government outside the United States and was assigned to a U.S. Armed Forces' operation some time between September 11, 2001, to termination of SFAR 100-2;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Military orders showing the person was assigned to duty outside the United States and was assigned to a U.S. Armed Forces' operation some time between September 11, 2001, to termination of SFAR 100-2 ; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A letter from the person's military commander or civilian supervisor providing the dates during which the person served outside the United States and was assigned to a U.S. Armed Forces' operation some time between September 11, 2001, to termination of SFAR 100-2.</span> | |
| <span class="P">4. <span class="E-03">Expiration date.</span> This Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 100-2 is effective until further notice.</span> | |
| <span class="CITA APPENDIX-CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2009-0923, 75 FR 9766, Mar. 4, 2010]</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="APPENDIX PART-APPENDIX"> | |
| <span class="EAR APPENDIX-EAR">Pt. 61, SFAR No. 108, Note</span> | |
| <span class="HD APPENDIX-HED">Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 108</span> | |
| <span class="NOTE APPENDIX-NOTE"> | |
| <span class="HD NOTE-HED">Note:</span> | |
| <span class="NOTEP HED-P">For the text of SFAR No. 108, see part 91 of this chapter.<p></p></span> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart A—General</span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.1"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.1</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Applicability and definitions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) This part prescribes:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certificates and ratings; the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary; and the privileges and limitations of those certificates and ratings.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor authorizations; the conditions under which those authorizations are necessary; and the privileges and limitations of those authorizations.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">386</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The requirements for issuing pilot, flight instructor, and ground instructor certificates and ratings for persons who have taken courses approved by the Administrator under other parts of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) For the purpose of this part:</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Accredited</span> has the same meaning as defined by the Department of Education in 34 CFR 600.2.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Aeronautical experience</span> means pilot time obtained in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device for meeting the appropriate training and flight time requirements for an airman certificate, rating, flight review, or recency of flight experience requirements of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Authorized instructor</span> means—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A person who holds a ground instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter and is in compliance with § 61.217, when conducting ground training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her ground instructor certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A person who holds a flight instructor certificate issued under part 61 of this chapter and is in compliance with § 61.197, when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her flight instructor certificate; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) A person authorized by the Administrator to provide ground training or flight training under part 61, 121, 135, or 142 of this chapter when conducting ground training or flight training in accordance with that authority.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Complex airplane</span> means an airplane that has a retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, including airplanes equipped with an engine control system consisting of a digital computer and associated accessories for controlling the engine and propeller, such as a full authority digital engine control; or, in the case of a seaplane, flaps and a controllable pitch propeller, including seaplanes equipped with an engine control system consisting of a digital computer and associated accessories for controlling the engine and propeller, such as a full authority digital engine control.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Cross-country time</span> means—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Except as provided in paragraphs (ii) through (vi) of this definition, time acquired during flight—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Conducted by a person who holds a pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Conducted in an aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) That includes a landing at a point other than the point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to the landing point.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience requirements (except for a rotorcraft category rating), for a private pilot certificate (except for a powered parachute category rating), a commercial pilot certificate, or an instrument rating, or for the purpose of exercising recreational pilot privileges (except in a rotorcraft) under § 61.101 (c), time acquired during a flight—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Conducted in an appropriate aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) That includes a point of landing that was at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to the landing point.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience requirements for a sport pilot certificate (except for powered parachute privileges), time acquired during a flight conducted in an appropriate aircraft that—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Includes a point of landing at least a straight line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Involves, as applicable, the use of dead reckoning; pilotage; electronic navigation aids; radio aids; or other navigation systems to navigate to the landing point.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience requirements for a sport pilot certificate with powered parachute privileges or a private pilot certificate with a powered parachute category rating, time acquired during a flight conducted in an appropriate aircraft that— | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">387</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Includes a point of landing at least a straight line distance of more than 15 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Involves, as applicable, the use of dead reckoning; pilotage; electronic navigation aids; radio aids; or other navigation systems to navigate to the landing point.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience requirements for any pilot certificate with a rotorcraft category rating or an instrument-helicopter rating, or for the purpose of exercising recreational pilot privileges, in a rotorcraft, under § 61.101(c), time acquired during a flight—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Conducted in an appropriate aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) That includes a point of landing that was at least a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems to navigate to the landing point.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) For the purpose of meeting the aeronautical experience requirements for an airline transport pilot certificate (except with a rotorcraft category rating), time acquired during a flight—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Conducted in an appropriate aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) That is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) For a military pilot who qualifies for a commercial pilot certificate (except with a rotorcraft category rating) under § 61.73 of this part, time acquired during a flight—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Conducted in an appropriate aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) That is at least a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) That involves the use of dead reckoning, pilotage, electronic navigation aids, radio aids, or other navigation systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Examiner</span> means any person who is authorized by the Administrator to conduct a pilot proficiency test or a practical test for an airman certificate or rating issued under this part, or a person who is authorized to conduct a knowledge test under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Flight training</span> means that training, other than ground training, received from an authorized instructor in flight in an aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Ground training</span> means that training, other than flight training, received from an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Institution of higher education</span> has the same meaning as defined by the Department of Education in 34 CFR 600.4.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Instrument approach</span> means an approach procedure defined in part 97 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Instrument training</span> means that time in which instrument training is received from an authorized instructor under actual or simulated instrument conditions.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Knowledge test</span> means a test on the aeronautical knowledge areas required for an airman certificate or rating that can be administered in written form or by a computer.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Nationally recognized accrediting agency</span> has the same meaning as defined by the Department of Education in 34 CFR 600.2.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Night vision goggles</span> means an appliance worn by a pilot that enhances the pilot's ability to maintain visual surface reference at night.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Night vision goggle operation</span> means the portion of a flight that occurs during the time period from 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise where the pilot maintains visual surface reference using night vision goggles in an aircraft that is approved for such an operation.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Pilot time</span> means that time in which a person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Serves as a required pilot flight crewmember;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Receives training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Gives training as an authorized instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Practical test</span> means a test on the areas of operations for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization that is conducted by having the applicant respond to questions and demonstrate maneuvers in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">388</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Set of aircraft</span> means aircraft that share similar performance characteristics, such as similar airspeed and altitude operating envelopes, similar handling characteristics, and the same number and type of propulsion systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate</span> means a person who has received an endorsement—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) To exercise student pilot privileges from a certificated flight instructor with a sport pilot rating; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) That includes a limitation for the operation of a light-sport aircraft specified in § 61.89(c) issued by a certificated flight instructor with other than a sport pilot rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P"> | |
| <span class="E-03">Training time</span> means training received—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) In flight from an authorized instructor;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) On the ground from an authorized instructor; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) In a flight simulator or flight training device from an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40893, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44864, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42546, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2011; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42372, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.2"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.2</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Exercise of Privilege.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Validity.</span> No person may:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Exercise privileges of a certificate, rating, endorsement, or authorization issued under this part if the certificate, rating or authorization is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Exercise privileges of a flight instructor certificate if that flight instructor certificate is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Exercise privileges of a foreign pilot certificate to operate an aircraft of foreign registry under § 61.3(b) if the certificate is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Exercise privileges of a pilot certificate issued under § 61.75, or an authorization issued under § 61.77, if the foreign pilot certificate relied upon for the issuance of the U.S. pilot certificate or authorization is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Exercise privileges of a medical certificate issued under part 67 to meet any requirements of part 61 if the medical certificate is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired according to the duration standards set forth in § 61.23(d).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Use an official government issued driver's license to meet any requirements of part 61 related to holding that driver's license, if the driver's license is surrendered, suspended, revoked or expired.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Currency.</span> No person may:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Exercise privileges of an airman certificate, rating, endorsement, or authorization issued under this part unless that person meets the appropriate airman and medical recency requirements of this part, specific to the operation or activity.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Exercise privileges of a foreign pilot license within the United States to conduct an operation described in § 61.3(b), unless that person meets the appropriate airman and medical recency requirements of the country that issued the license, specific to the operation.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42546, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.3"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.3</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Requirement for certificates, ratings, and authorizations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Required pilot certificate for operating a civil aircraft of the United States.</span> No person may serve as a required pilot flight crewmember of a civil aircraft of the United States, unless that person:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Has in the person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that pilot certificate or authorization—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A pilot certificate issued under this part and in accordance with § 61.19;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A special purpose pilot authorization issued under § 61.77;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) A temporary certificate issued under § 61.17;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) A document conveying temporary authority to exercise certificate privileges issued by the Airmen Certification Branch under § 61.29(e); or | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">389</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(v) When operating an aircraft within a foreign country, a pilot license issued by that country may be used.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Has a photo identification that is in that person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that pilot certificate or authorization. The photo identification must be a:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Driver's license issued by a State, the District of Columbia, or territory or possession of the United States;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Government identification card issued by the Federal government, a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) U.S. Armed Forces' identification card;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Official passport;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Credential that authorizes unescorted access to a security identification display area at an airport regulated under 49 CFR part 1542; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Other form of identification that the Administrator finds acceptable.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Required pilot certificate for operating a foreign-registered aircraft within the United States.</span> No person may serve as a required pilot flight crewmember of a civil aircraft of foreign registry within the United States, unless—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) That person's pilot certificate or document issued under § 61.29(e) is in that person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that pilot certificate; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Has been issued in accordance with this part, or has been issued or validated by the country in which the aircraft is registered.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Medical certificate.</span> (1) A person may serve as a required pilot flight crewmember of an aircraft only if that person holds the appropriate medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter, or other documentation acceptable to the FAA, that is in that person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft. Paragraph (c)(2) of this section provides certain exceptions to the requirement to hold a medical certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A person is not required to meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(1) of this section if that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Is exercising the privileges of a student pilot certificate while seeking a pilot certificate with a glider category rating, a balloon class rating, or glider or balloon privileges;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Is exercising the privileges of a student pilot certificate while seeking a sport pilot certificate with other than glider or balloon privileges and holds a U.S. driver's license;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Is exercising the privileges of a student pilot certificate while seeking a pilot certificate with a weight-shift-control aircraft category rating or a powered parachute category rating and holds a U.S. driver's license;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Is exercising the privileges of a sport pilot certificate with glider or balloon privileges;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Is exercising the privileges of a sport pilot certificate with other than glider or balloon privileges and holds a U.S. driver's license. A person who has applied for or held a medical certificate may exercise the privileges of a sport pilot certificate using a U.S. driver's license only if that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Has been found eligible for the issuance of at least a third-class airman medical certificate at the time of his or her most recent application; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Has not had his or her most recently issued medical certificate suspended or revoked or most recent Authorization for a Special Issuance of a Medical Certificate withdrawn.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Is holding a pilot certificate with a balloon class rating and is piloting or providing training in a balloon as appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Is holding a pilot certificate or a flight instructor certificate with a glider category rating, and is piloting or providing training in a glider, as appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2)(vii) of this section, is exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate, provided the person is not acting as pilot in command or as a required pilot flight crewmember;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Is exercising the privileges of a ground instructor certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Is operating an aircraft within a foreign country using a pilot license issued by that country and possesses evidence of current medical qualification for that license; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Is operating an aircraft with a U.S. pilot certificate, issued on the basis of a foreign pilot license, issued under § 61.75, and holds a medical certificate issued by the foreign country that issued the foreign pilot license, which is in that person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that airman certificate.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">390</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Is a pilot of the U.S. Armed Forces, has an up-to-date U.S. military medical examination, and holds military pilot flight status.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Flight instructor certificate.</span> (1) A person who holds a flight instructor certificate issued under this part must have that certificate, or other documentation acceptable to the Administrator, in that person's physical possession or readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that flight instructor certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(3) of this section, no person other than the holder of a flight instructor certificate issued under this part with the appropriate rating on that certificate may—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Give training required to qualify a person for solo flight and solo cross-country flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Endorse an applicant for a—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Pilot certificate or rating issued under this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Flight instructor certificate or rating issued under this part; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Ground instructor certificate or rating issued under this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Endorse a pilot logbook to show training given; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Endorse a student pilot certificate and logbook for solo operating privileges.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A flight instructor certificate issued under this part is not necessary—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Under paragraph (d)(2) of this section, if the training is given by the holder of a commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air rating, provided the training is given in accordance with the privileges of the certificate in a lighter-than-air aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Under paragraph (d)(2) of this section, if the training is given by the holder of an airline transport pilot certificate with a rating appropriate to the aircraft in which the training is given, provided the training is given in accordance with the privileges of the certificate and conducted in accordance with an approved air carrier training program approved under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Under paragraph (d)(2) of this section, if the training is given by a person who is qualified in accordance with subpart C of part 142 of this chapter, provided the training is conducted in accordance with an approved part 142 training program;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Under paragraphs (d)(2)(i), (d)(2)(ii)(C), and (d)(2)(iii) of this section, if the training is given by the holder of a ground instructor certificate in accordance with the privileges of the certificate; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Under paragraph (d)(2)(iii) of this section, if the training is given by an authorized flight instructor under § 61.41 of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Instrument rating.</span> No person may act as pilot in command of a civil aircraft under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR flight unless that person holds:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The appropriate aircraft category, class, type (if required), and instrument rating on that person's pilot certificate for any airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift being flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An airline transport pilot certificate with the appropriate aircraft category, class, and type rating (if required) for the aircraft being flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) For a glider, a pilot certificate with a glider category rating and an airplane instrument rating; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) For an airship, a commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air category rating and airship class rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Category II pilot authorization.</span> Except for a pilot conducting Category II operations under part 121 or part 135, a person may not:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Act as pilot in command of a civil aircraft during Category II operations unless that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Holds a Category II pilot authorization for that category or class of aircraft, and the type of aircraft, if applicable; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) In the case of a civil aircraft of foreign registry, is authorized by the country of registry to act as pilot in command of that aircraft in Category II operations. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">391</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Act as second in command of a civil aircraft during Category II operations unless that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Holds a pilot certificate with category and class ratings for that aircraft and an instrument rating for that category aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Holds an airline transport pilot certificate with category and class ratings for that aircraft; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) In the case of a civil aircraft of foreign registry, is authorized by the country of registry to act as second in command of that aircraft during Category II operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Category III pilot authorization.</span> Except for a pilot conducting Category III operations under part 121 or part 135, a person may not:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Act as pilot in command of a civil aircraft during Category III operations unless that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Holds a Category III pilot authorization for that category or class of aircraft, and the type of aircraft, if applicable; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) In the case of a civil aircraft of foreign registry, is authorized by the country of registry to act as pilot in command of that aircraft in Category III operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Act as second in command of a civil aircraft during Category III operations unless that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Holds a pilot certificate with category and class ratings for that aircraft and an instrument rating for that category aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Holds an airline transport pilot certificate with category and class ratings for that aircraft; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) In the case of a civil aircraft of foreign registry, is authorized by the country of registry to act as second in command of that aircraft during Category III operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Category A aircraft pilot authorization.</span> The Administrator may issue a certificate of authorization for a Category II or Category III operation to the pilot of a small aircraft that is a Category A aircraft, as identified in § 97.3(b)(1) of this chapter if:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The Administrator determines that the Category II or Category III operation can be performed safely by that pilot under the terms of the certificate of authorization; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The Category II or Category III operation does not involve the carriage of persons or property for compensation or hire.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Ground instructor certificate.</span> (1) Each person who holds a ground instructor certificate issued under this part must have that certificate or a temporary document issued under § 61.29(e) in that person's physical possession or immediately accessible when exercising the privileges of that certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in paragraph (i)(3) of this section, no person other than the holder of a ground instructor certificate, issued under this part or part 143, with the appropriate rating on that certificate may—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Give ground training required to qualify a person for solo flight and solo cross-country flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Endorse an applicant for a knowledge test required for a pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate or rating issued under this part; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Endorse a pilot logbook to show ground training given.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A ground instructor certificate issued under this part is not necessary—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Under paragraph (i)(2) of this section, if the training is given by the holder of a flight instructor certificate issued under this part in accordance with the privileges of that certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Under paragraph (i)(2) of this section, if the training is given by the holder of a commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air rating, provided the training is given in accordance with the privileges of the certificate in a lighter-than-air aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Under paragraph (i)(2) of this section, if the training is given by the holder of an airline transport pilot certificate with a rating appropriate to the aircraft in which the training is given, provided the training is given in accordance with the privileges of the certificate and conducted in accordance with an approved air carrier training program approved under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Under paragraph (i)(2) of this section, if the training is given by a person who is qualified in accordance with subpart C of part 142 of this chapter, provided the training is conducted in accordance with an approved part 142 training program; or</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">392</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Under paragraph (i)(2)(iii) of this section, if the training is given by an authorized flight instructor under § 61.41 of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) <span class="E-03">Age limitation for certain operations.</span> (1) <span class="E-03">Age limitation.</span> No person who holds a pilot certificate issued under this part may serve as a pilot on a civil airplane of U.S. registry in the following operations if the person has reached his or her 60th birthday or, in the case of operations with more than one pilot, his or her 65th birthday:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Scheduled international air services carrying passengers in turbojet-powered airplanes;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Scheduled international air services carrying passengers in airplanes having a passenger-seat configuration of more than nine passenger seats, excluding each crewmember seat;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Nonscheduled international air transportation for compensation or hire in airplanes having a passenger-seat configuration of more than 30 passenger seats, excluding each crewmember seat; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Scheduled international air services, or nonscheduled international air transportation for compensation or hire, in airplanes having a payload capacity of more than 7,500 pounds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) <span class="E-03">Definitions.</span> (i) “International air service,” as used in this paragraph (j), means scheduled air service performed in airplanes for the public transport of passengers, mail, or cargo, in which the service passes through the airspace over the territory of more than one country.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) “International air transportation,” as used in this paragraph (j), means air transportation performed in airplanes for the public transport of passengers, mail, or cargo, in which the service passes through the airspace over the territory of more than one country.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) <span class="E-03">Special purpose pilot authorization.</span> Any person that is required to hold a special purpose pilot authorization, issued in accordance with § 61.77 of this part, must have that authorization and the person's foreign pilot license in that person's physical possession or have it readily accessible in the aircraft when exercising the privileges of that authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(l) <span class="E-03">Inspection of certificate.</span> Each person who holds an airman certificate, medical certificate, authorization, or license required by this part must present it and their photo identification as described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section for inspection upon a request from:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The Administrator;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An authorized representative of the National Transportation Safety Board;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) An authorized representative of the Transportation Security Administration.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40894, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-111, 67 FR 65861, Oct. 28, 2002; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44864, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-123, 74 FR 34234, July 15, 2009; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42546, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-124A, 74 FR 53644, Oct. 20, 2009; Amdt. 61-131, 78 FR 56828, Sept. 16, 2013; Amdt. 61-134, 80 FR 33400, June 12, 2015]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.4"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.4</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Qualification and approval of flight simulators and flight training devices.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, each flight simulator and flight training device used for training, and for which an airman is to receive credit to satisfy any training, testing, or checking requirement under this chapter, must be qualified and approved by the Administrator for—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The training, testing, and checking for which it is used;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Each particular maneuver, procedure, or crewmember function performed; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The representation of the specific category and class of aircraft, type of aircraft, particular variation within the type of aircraft, or set of aircraft for certain flight training devices.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Any device used for flight training, testing, or checking that has been determined to be acceptable to or approved by the Administrator prior to August 1, 1996, which can be shown to function as originally designed, is considered to be a flight training device, provided it is used for the same purposes for which it was originally accepted or approved and only to the extent of such acceptance or approval.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">393</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(c) The Administrator may approve a device other than a flight simulator or flight training device for specific purposes.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40895, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.5"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.5</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Certificates and ratings issued under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) The following certificates are issued under this part to an applicant who satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the certificate sought:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Pilot certificates—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Student pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Sport pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Recreational pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Private pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Commercial pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Airline transport pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Flight instructor certificates.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Ground instructor certificates.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The following ratings are placed on a pilot certificate (other than student pilot) when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the rating sought:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Aircraft category ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Rotorcraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Glider.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Lighter-than-air.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Powered-lift.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Powered parachute.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Weight-shift-control aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Airplane class ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Single-engine land.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Multiengine land.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Single-engine sea.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Multiengine sea.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Rotorcraft class ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Helicopter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Gyroplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Lighter-than-air class ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Airship.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Balloon.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Weight-shift-control aircraft class ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Weight-shift-control aircraft land.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Weight-shift-control aircraft sea.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Powered parachute class ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Powered parachute land.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Powered parachute sea.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Aircraft type ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Large aircraft other than lighter-than-air.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Turbojet-powered airplanes.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Other aircraft type ratings specified by the Administrator through the aircraft type certification procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Second-in-command pilot type rating for aircraft that is certificated for operations with a minimum crew of at least two pilots.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Instrument ratings (on private and commercial pilot certificates only)—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Instrument—Airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Instrument—Helicopter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Instrument—Powered-lift.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) The following ratings are placed on a flight instructor certificate when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the rating sought:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Aircraft category ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Rotorcraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Glider.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Powered-lift.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Airplane class ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Single-engine.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Multiengine.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Rotorcraft class ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Helicopter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Gyroplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Instrument ratings—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Instrument—Airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Instrument—Helicopter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Instrument—Powered-lift.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Sport pilot rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) The following ratings are placed on a ground instructor certificate when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the rating sought:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Basic.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Advanced.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Instrument.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44864, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-113, 70 FR 45271, Aug. 4, 2005]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.7"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.7</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Obsolete certificates and ratings.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) The holder of a free-balloon pilot certificate issued before November 1, 1973, may not exercise the privileges of that certificate. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">394</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The holder of a pilot certificate that bears any of the following category ratings without an associated class rating may not exercise the privileges of that category rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Rotorcraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Lighter-than-air.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Helicopter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Autogyro.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.9"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.9</span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.11"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.11</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Expired pilot certificates and re-issuance.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) No person who holds an expired pilot certificate or rating may act as pilot in command or as a required pilot flight crewmember of an aircraft of the same category or class that is listed on that expired pilot certificate or rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The following pilot certificates and ratings have expired and will not be reissued:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) An airline transport pilot certificate issued before May 1, 1949, or an airline transport pilot certificate that contains a horsepower limitation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A private or commercial pilot certificate issued before July 1, 1945.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air or free-balloon rating issued before July 1, 1945.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) An airline transport pilot certificate that was issued after April 30, 1949, and that bears an expiration date but does not contain a horsepower limitation, may have that airline transport pilot certificate re-issued without an expiration date.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) A private or commercial pilot certificate that was issued after June 30, 1945, and that bears an expiration date, may have that pilot certificate reissued without an expiration date.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) A pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air or free-balloon rating that was issued after June 30, 1945, and that bears an expiration date, may have that pilot certificate reissued without an expiration date.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42547, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.13"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.13</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Issuance of airman certificates, ratings, and authorizations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Application.</span> (1) An applicant for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization under this part must make that application on a form and in a manner acceptable to the Administrator.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An applicant must show evidence that the appropriate fee prescribed in appendix A to part 187 of this chapter has been paid when that person applies for airmen certification services administered outside the United States.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) An applicant who is neither a citizen of the United States nor a resident alien of the United States may be refused issuance of any U.S. airman certificate, rating or authorization by the Administrator.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section, an applicant who satisfactorily accomplishes the training and certification requirements for the certificate, rating, or authorization sought is entitled to receive that airman certificate, rating, or authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Limitations.</span> (1) An applicant who cannot comply with certain areas of operation required on the practical test because of physical limitations may be issued an airman certificate, rating, or authorization with the appropriate limitation placed on the applicant's airman certificate provided the—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Applicant is able to meet all other certification requirements for the airman certificate, rating, or authorization sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Physical limitation has been recorded with the FAA on the applicant's medical records; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Administrator determines that the applicant's inability to perform the particular area of operation will not adversely affect safety.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A limitation placed on a person's airman certificate may be removed, provided that person demonstrates for an examiner satisfactory proficiency in the area of operation appropriate to the airman certificate, rating, or authorization sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Additional requirements for Category II and Category III pilot authorizations.</span> (1) A Category II or Category III pilot authorization is issued by a letter of authorization as part of an applicant's instrument rating or airline transport pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Upon original issue, the authorization contains the following limitations: | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">395</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(i) For Category II operations, the limitation is 1,600 feet RVR and a 150-foot decision height; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For Category III operations, each initial limitation is specified in the authorization document.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The limitations on a Category II or Category III pilot authorization may be removed as follows:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) In the case of Category II limitations, a limitation is removed when the holder shows that, since the beginning of the sixth preceding month, the holder has made three Category II ILS approaches with a 150-foot decision height to a landing under actual or simulated instrument conditions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) In the case of Category III limitations, a limitation is removed as specified in the authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) To meet the experience requirements of paragraph (c)(3) of this section, and for the practical test required by this part for a Category II or a Category III pilot authorization, a flight simulator or flight training device may be used if it is approved by the Administrator for such use.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Application during suspension or revocation.</span> (1) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, a person whose pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate has been suspended may not apply for any certificate, rating, or authorization during the period of suspension.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, a person whose pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate has been revoked may not apply for any certificate, rating, or authorization for 1 year after the date of revocation.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 40895, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-116, 72 FR 18558, Apr. 12, 2007; Amdt. 61-132, 78 FR 77572, Dec. 24, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.14"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.14 </span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.15"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.15</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Offenses involving alcohol or drugs.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A conviction for the violation of any Federal or State statute relating to the growing, processing, manufacture, sale, disposition, possession, transportation, or importation of narcotic drugs, marijuana, or depressant or stimulant drugs or substances is grounds for:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of final conviction; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Committing an act prohibited by § 91.17(a) or § 91.19(a) of this chapter is grounds for:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Denial of an application for a certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of that act; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) For the purposes of paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) of this section, a motor vehicle action means:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A conviction after November 29, 1990, for the violation of any Federal or State statute relating to the operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated by alcohol or a drug, while impaired by alcohol or a drug, or while under the influence of alcohol or a drug;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The cancellation, suspension, or revocation of a license to operate a motor vehicle after November 29, 1990, for a cause related to the operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated by alcohol or a drug, while impaired by alcohol or a drug, or while under the influence of alcohol or a drug; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The denial after November 29, 1990, of an application for a license to operate a motor vehicle for a cause related to the operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated by alcohol or a drug, while impaired by alcohol or a drug, or while under the influence of alcohol or a drug.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Except for a motor vehicle action that results from the same incident or arises out of the same factual circumstances, a motor vehicle action occurring within 3 years of a previous motor vehicle action is grounds for:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of the last motor vehicle action; or | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">396</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Each person holding a certificate issued under this part shall provide a written report of each motor vehicle action to the FAA, Civil Aviation Security Division (AMC-700), P.O. Box 25810, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, not later than 60 days after the motor vehicle action. The report must include:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The person's name, address, date of birth, and airman certificate number;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The type of violation that resulted in the conviction or the administrative action;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The date of the conviction or administrative action;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) The State that holds the record of conviction or administrative action; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) A statement of whether the motor vehicle action resulted from the same incident or arose out of the same factual circumstances related to a previously reported motor vehicle action.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) Failure to comply with paragraph (e) of this section is grounds for:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of the motor vehicle action; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.16"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.16</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Refusal to submit to an alcohol test or to furnish test results.</span> | |
| <span class="P">A refusal to submit to a test to indicate the percentage by weight of alcohol in the blood, when requested by a law enforcement officer in accordance with § 91.17(c) of this chapter, or a refusal to furnish or authorize the release of the test results requested by the Administrator in accordance with § 91.17(c) or (d) of this chapter, is grounds for:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of that refusal; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.17"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.17</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Temporary certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A temporary pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate or rating is issued for up to 120 days, at which time a permanent certificate will be issued to a person whom the Administrator finds qualified under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A temporary pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate or rating expires:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) On the expiration date shown on the certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Upon receipt of the permanent certificate; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Upon receipt of a notice that the certificate or rating sought is denied or revoked.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.18"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.18</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Security disqualification.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a)<span class="E-03">Eligibility standard.</span> No person is eligible to hold a certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part when the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has notified the FAA in writing that the person poses a security threat.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Effect of the issuance by the TSA of an Initial Notification of Threat Assessment.</span> (1) The FAA will hold in abeyance pending the outcome of the TSA's final threat assessment review an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization under this part by any person who has been issued an Initial Notification of Threat Assessment by the TSA.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The FAA will suspend any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part after the TSA issues to the holder an Initial Notification of Threat Assessment.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Effect of the issuance by the TSA of a Final Notification of Threat Assessment.</span> (1) The FAA will deny an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization under this part to any person who has been issued a Final Notification of Threat Assessment.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The FAA will revoke any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part after the TSA has issued to the holder a Final Notification of Threat Assessment.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2003-14293, 68 FR 3774, Jan. 24, 2003]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">397</span></div></div></div> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.19"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.19</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Duration of pilot and instructor certificates.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> The holder of a certificate with an expiration date may not, after that date, exercise the privileges of that certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Student pilot certificate.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) For student pilots who have not reached their 40th birthday, the student pilot certificate does not expire until 60 calendar months after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For student pilots who have reached their 40th birthday, the student pilot certificate does not expire until 24 calendar months after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) For student pilots seeking a glider rating, balloon rating, or a sport pilot certificate, the student pilot certificate does not expire until 60 calendar months after the month of the date issued, regardless of the person's age.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Other pilot certificates.</span> A pilot certificate (other than a student pilot certificate) issued under this part is issued without a specific expiration date. The holder of a pilot certificate issued on the basis of a foreign pilot license may exercise the privileges of that certificate only while that person's foreign pilot license is effective.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Flight instructor certificate.</span> Except as specified in § 61.197(b), a flight instructor certificate expires 24 calendar months from the month in which it was issued, renewed, or reinstated, as appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Ground instructor certificate.</span> A ground instructor certificate is issued without a specific expiration date.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Return of certificates.</span> The holder of any airman certificate that is issued under this part, and that has been suspended or revoked, must return that certificate to the FAA when requested to do so by the Administrator.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Duration of pilot certificates.</span> Except for a temporary certificate issued under § 61.17 or a student pilot certificate issued under paragraph (b) of this section, the holder of a paper pilot certificate issued under this part may not exercise the privileges of that certificate after March 31, 2010.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-118, 73 FR 10668, Feb. 28, 2008; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42547, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-124A, 74 FR 53644, Oct. 20, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.21"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.21</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Duration of a Category II and a Category III pilot authorization (for other than part 121 and part 135 use).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A Category II pilot authorization or a Category III pilot authorization expires at the end of the sixth calendar month after the month in which it was issued or renewed.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Upon passing a practical test for a Category II or Category III pilot authorization, the authorization may be renewed for each type of aircraft for which the authorization is held.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A Category II or Category III pilot authorization for a specific type aircraft for which an authorization is held will not be renewed beyond 12 calendar months from the month the practical test was accomplished in that type aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) If the holder of a Category II or Category III pilot authorization passes the practical test for a renewal in the month before the authorization expires, the holder is considered to have passed it during the month the authorization expired.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.23"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.23</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Medical certificates: Requirement and duration.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Operations requiring a medical certificate.</span> Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section, a person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Must hold a first-class medical certificate:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) When exercising the pilot-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) When exercising the second-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 of this chapter that requires three or more pilots; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) When serving as a required pilot flightcrew member in an operation conducted under part 121 of this chapter if the pilot has reached his or her 60th birthday. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">398</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Must hold at least a second class medical certificate when exercising:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Second-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate in part 121 of this chapter (other than operations specified in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section); or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Privileges of a commercial pilot certificate; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Must hold at least a third-class medical certificate—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) When exercising the privileges of a private pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) When exercising the privileges of a recreational pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) When exercising the privileges of a student pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate and acting as the pilot in command;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate and serving as a required pilot flight crewmember;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) When taking a practical test in an aircraft for a recreational pilot, private pilot, commercial pilot, or airline transport pilot certificate, or for a flight instructor certificate; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) When performing the duties as an Examiner in an aircraft when administering a practical test or proficiency check for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Operations not requiring a medical certificate.</span> A person is not required to hold a medical certificate—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) When exercising the privileges of a student pilot certificate while seeking—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A sport pilot certificate with glider or balloon privileges; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A pilot certificate with a glider category rating or balloon class rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) When exercising the privileges of a sport pilot certificate with privileges in a glider or balloon;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) When exercising the privileges of a pilot certificate with a glider category rating or balloon class rating in a glider or a balloon, as appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A sport pilot rating in a glider or balloon; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A glider category rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate if the person is not acting as pilot in command or serving as a required pilot flight crewmember;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) When exercising the privileges of a ground instructor certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) When serving as an Examiner or check airman and administering a practical test or proficiency check for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization conducted in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight training device;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) When taking a practical test or a proficiency check for a certificate, rating, authorization or operating privilege conducted in a glider, balloon, flight simulator, or flight training device; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) When a military pilot of the U.S. Armed Forces can show evidence of an up-to-date medical examination authorizing pilot flight status issued by the U.S. Armed Forces and—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The flight does not require higher than a third-class medical certificate; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The flight conducted is a domestic flight operation within U.S. airspace.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Operations requiring either a medical certificate or U.S. driver's license.</span> (1) A person must hold and possess either a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter or a U.S. driver's license when—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Exercising the privileges of a student pilot certificate while seeking sport pilot privileges in a light-sport aircraft other than a glider or balloon;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Exercising the privileges of a sport pilot certificate in a light-sport aircraft other than a glider or balloon;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating while acting as pilot in command or serving as a required flight crewmember of a light-sport aircraft other than a glider or balloon; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Serving as an Examiner and administering a practical test for the issuance of a sport pilot certificate in a light-sport aircraft other than a glider or balloon.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A person using a U.S. driver's license to meet the requirements of this paragraph must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Comply with each restriction and limitation imposed by that person's U.S. driver's license and any judicial or administrative order applying to the operation of a motor vehicle;</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">399</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Have been found eligible for the issuance of at least a third-class airman medical certificate at the time of his or her most recent application (if the person has applied for a medical certificate);</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Not have had his or her most recently issued medical certificate (if the person has held a medical certificate) suspended or revoked or most recent Authorization for a Special Issuance of a Medical Certificate withdrawn; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Not know or have reason to know of any medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a light-sport aircraft in a safe manner.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Duration of a medical certificate.</span> Use the following table to determine duration for each class of medical certificate:</span> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" class="GPOTABLE"> | |
| <tr><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">If you hold</th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">And on the date ofexamination for your most recent medical certificate you were | |
| </th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">And you are conducting an operationrequiring | |
| </th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">Then your medical certificate expires, for that operation, at the end of the last day of the</th></tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) A first-class medical certificate</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) Under age 40</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, or for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(ii) Age 40 or older</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">an airline transport pilot certificate for pilot-in-command privileges, for second-in-command privileges in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 requiring three or more pilots, or for a pilot flightcrew member in part 121 operations who has reached his or her 60th birthday.</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">6th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) Any age</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">a commercial pilot certificate or an air traffic control tower operator certificate</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iv) Under age 40</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(v) Age 40 or older</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(2) A second-class medical certificate</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) Any age</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">an airline transport pilot certificate for second-in-command privileges (other than the operations specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section), a commercial pilot certificate, or an air traffic control tower operator certificate</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">12th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(ii) Under age 40</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) Age 40 or older</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr><tr class="TRPRTPAGE"><td class="TDPRTPAGE" colspan="4"><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">400</span></div></div></div></td></tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(3) A third-class medical certificate</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) Under age 40</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">60th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(ii) Age 40 or older</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">a recreational pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate, a flight instructor certificate (when acting as pilot in command or a required pilot flight crewmember in operations other than glider or balloon), a student pilot certificate, or a sport pilot certificate (when not using a U.S. driver's license as medical qualification)</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">24th month after the month of the date of examination shown on the medical certificate.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40895, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44864, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-121, 73 FR 43064, July 24, 2008; Amdt. 61-121, 73 FR 48125, Aug. 18, 2008; Amdt. 61-123, 74 FR 34234, July 15, 2009; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42547, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-129, 76 FR 78143, Dec. 16, 2011; Amdt. 61-129A, 77 FR 61721, Oct. 11, 2012; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42372, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.25"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.25</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Change of name.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) An application to change the name on a certificate issued under this part must be accompanied by the applicant's:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Airman certificate; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A copy of the marriage license, court order, or other document verifying the name change.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The documents in paragraph (a) of this section will be returned to the applicant after inspection.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.27"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.27</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Voluntary surrender or exchange of certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) The holder of a certificate issued under this part may voluntarily surrender it for:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Cancellation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Issuance of a lower grade certificate; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Another certificate with specific ratings deleted.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Any request made under paragraph (a) of this section must include the following signed statement or its equivalent: “This request is made for my own reasons, with full knowledge that my (insert name of certificate or rating, as appropriate) may not be reissued to me unless I again pass the tests prescribed for its issuance.”</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.29"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.29</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Replacement of a lost or destroyed airman or medical certificate or knowledge test report.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A request for the replacement of a lost or destroyed airman certificate issued under this part must be made:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) By letter to the Department of Transportation, FAA, Airmen Certification Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, and must be accompanied by a check or money order for the appropriate fee payable to the FAA; or | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">401</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) In any other manner and form approved by the Administrator including a request online to Airmen Services at <span class="E-03">http://www.faa.gov,</span> and must be accompanied by acceptable form of payment for the appropriate fee.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A request for the replacement of a lost or destroyed medical certificate must be made:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) By letter to the Department of Transportation, FAA, Aerospace Medical Certification Division, P.O. Box 26200, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, and must be accompanied by a check or money order for the appropriate fee payable to the FAA; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) In any other manner and form approved by the Administrator and must be accompanied by acceptable form of payment for the appropriate fee.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A request for the replacement of a lost or destroyed knowledge test report must be made:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) By letter to the Department of Transportation, FAA, Airmen Certification Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, and must be accompanied by a check or money order for the appropriate fee payable to the FAA; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) In any other manner and form approved by the Administrator and must be accompanied by acceptable form of payment for the appropriate fee.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) The letter requesting replacement of a lost or destroyed airman certificate, medical certificate, or knowledge test report must state:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The name of the person;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The permanent mailing address (including ZIP code), or if the permanent mailing address includes a post office box number, then the person's current residential address;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The certificate holder's date and place of birth; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Any information regarding the—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Grade, number, and date of issuance of the airman certificate and ratings, if appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Class of medical certificate, the place and date of the medical exam, name of the Airman Medical Examiner (AME), and the circumstances concerning the loss of the original medical certificate, as appropriate; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Date the knowledge test was taken, if appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) A person who has lost an airman certificate, medical certificate, or knowledge test report may obtain, in a form or manner approved by the Administrator, a document conveying temporary authority to exercise certificate privileges from the FAA Aeromedical Certification Branch or the Airman Certification Branch, as appropriate, and the:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Document may be carried as an airman certificate, medical certificate, or knowledge test report, as appropriate, for up to 60 days pending the person's receipt of a duplicate under paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section, unless the person has been notified that the certificate has been suspended or revoked.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Request for such a document must include the date on which a duplicate certificate or knowledge test report was previously requested.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40896, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-121, 73 FR 43065, July 24, 2008; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-131, 78 FR 56828, Sept. 16, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.31"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.31</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Type ratings required.</span> A person who acts as a pilot in command of any of the following aircraft must hold a type rating for that aircraft:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Large aircraft (except lighter-than-air).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Turbojet-powered airplanes.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Other aircraft specified by the Administrator through aircraft type certificate procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Authorization in lieu of a type rating.</span> A person may be authorized to operate without a type rating for up to 60 days an aircraft requiring a type rating, provided—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The Administrator has authorized the flight or series of flights;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The Administrator has determined that an equivalent level of safety can be achieved through the operating limitations on the authorization;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The person shows that compliance with paragraph (a) of this section is impracticable for the flight or series of flights; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) The flight— | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">402</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Involves only a ferry flight, training flight, test flight, or practical test for a pilot certificate or rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Is within the United States;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Does not involve operations for compensation or hire unless the compensation or hire involves payment for the use of the aircraft for training or taking a practical test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Involves only the carriage of flight crewmembers considered essential for the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) If the flight or series of flights cannot be accomplished within the time limit of the authorization, the Administrator may authorize an additional period of up to 60 days to accomplish the flight or series of flights.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Aircraft category, class, and type ratings: Limitations on the carriage of persons, or operating for compensation or hire.</span> Unless a person holds a category, class, and type rating (if a class and type rating is required) that applies to the aircraft, that person may not act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying another person, or is operated for compensation or hire. That person also may not act as pilot in command of that aircraft for compensation or hire.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Aircraft category, class, and type ratings: Limitations on operating an aircraft as the pilot in command.</span> To serve as the pilot in command of an aircraft, a person must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Hold the appropriate category, class, and type rating (if a class or type rating is required) for the aircraft to be flown; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Have received training required by this part that is appropriate to the pilot certification level, aircraft category, class, and type rating (if a class or type rating is required) for the aircraft to be flown, and have received an endorsement for solo flight in that aircraft from an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Additional training required for operating complex airplanes.</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a complex airplane, unless the person has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in a complex airplane, or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a complex airplane, and has been found proficient in the operation and systems of the airplane; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Received a one-time endorsement in the pilot's logbook from an authorized instructor who certifies the person is proficient to operate a complex airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The training and endorsement required by paragraph (e)(1) of this section is not required if the person has logged flight time as pilot in command of a complex airplane, or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a complex airplane prior to August 4, 1997.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Additional training required for operating high-performance airplanes.</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraph (f)(2) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a high-performance airplane (an airplane with an engine of more than 200 horsepower), unless the person has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in a high-performance airplane, or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a high-performance airplane, and has been found proficient in the operation and systems of the airplane; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Received a one-time endorsement in the pilot's logbook from an authorized instructor who certifies the person is proficient to operate a high-performance airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The training and endorsement required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section is not required if the person has logged flight time as pilot in command of a high-performance airplane, or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a high-performance airplane prior to August 4, 1997.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Additional training required for operating pressurized aircraft capable of operating at high altitudes.</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(3) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a pressurized aircraft (an aircraft that has a service ceiling or maximum operating altitude, whichever is lower, above 25,000 feet MSL), unless that person has received and logged ground training from an authorized instructor and obtained an endorsement in the person's logbook or training record from an authorized instructor who certifies the person has satisfactorily accomplished the ground training. The ground training must include at least the following subjects:</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">403</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(i) High-altitude aerodynamics and meteorology;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Respiration;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Effects, symptoms, and causes of hypoxia and any other high-altitude sickness;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Duration of consciousness without supplemental oxygen;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Effects of prolonged usage of supplemental oxygen;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Causes and effects of gas expansion and gas bubble formation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Preventive measures for eliminating gas expansion, gas bubble formation, and high-altitude sickness;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Physical phenomena and incidents of decompression; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Any other physiological aspects of high-altitude flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in paragraph (g)(3) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a pressurized aircraft unless that person has received and logged training from an authorized instructor in a pressurized aircraft, or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a pressurized aircraft, and obtained an endorsement in the person's logbook or training record from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient in the operation of a pressurized aircraft. The flight training must include at least the following subjects:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Normal cruise flight operations while operating above 25,000 feet MSL;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Proper emergency procedures for simulated rapid decompression without actually depressurizing the aircraft; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Emergency descent procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The training and endorsement required by paragraphs (g)(1) and (g)(2) of this section are not required if that person can document satisfactory accomplishment of any of the following in a pressurized aircraft, or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a pressurized aircraft:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Serving as pilot in command before April 15, 1991;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Completing a pilot proficiency check for a pilot certificate or rating before April 15, 1991;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Completing an official pilot-in-command check conducted by the military services of the United States; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Completing a pilot-in-command proficiency check under part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter conducted by the Administrator or by an approved pilot check airman.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Additional aircraft type-specific training.</span> No person may serve as pilot in command of an aircraft that the Administrator has determined requires aircraft type-specific training unless that person has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Received and logged type-specific training in the aircraft, or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of that type of aircraft; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Received a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who has found the person proficient in the operation of the aircraft and its systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Additional training required for operating tailwheel airplanes.</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of a tailwheel airplane unless that person has received and logged flight training from an authorized instructor in a tailwheel airplane and received an endorsement in the person's logbook from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient in the operation of a tailwheel airplane. The flight training must include at least the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Normal and crosswind takeoffs and landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Wheel landings (unless the manufacturer has recommended against such landings); and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Go-around procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The training and endorsement required by paragraph (i)(1) of this section is not required if the person logged pilot-in-command time in a tailwheel airplane before April 15, 1991.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) <span class="E-03">Additional training required for operating a glider.</span> (1) No person may act as pilot in command of a glider—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Using ground-tow procedures, unless that person has satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on ground-tow procedures and operations, and has received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot's logbook that the pilot has been found proficient in ground-tow procedures and operations;</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">404</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Using aerotow procedures, unless that person has satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on aerotow procedures and operations, and has received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot's logbook that the pilot has been found proficient in aerotow procedures and operations; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Using self-launch procedures, unless that person has satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on self-launch procedures and operations, and has received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot's logbook that the pilot has been found proficient in self-launch procedures and operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The holder of a glider rating issued prior to August 4, 1997, is considered to be in compliance with the training and logbook endorsement requirements of this paragraph for the specific operating privilege for which the holder is already qualified.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) <span class="E-03">Additional training required for night vision goggle operations.</span> (1) Except as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of this section, a person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft using night vision goggles only if that person receives and logs ground training from an authorized instructor and obtains a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies the person completed the ground training. The ground training must include the following subjects:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Applicable portions of this chapter that relate to night vision goggle limitations and flight operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Aeromedical factors related to the use of night vision goggles, including how to protect night vision, how the eyes adapt to night, self-imposed stresses that affect night vision, effects of lighting on night vision, cues used to estimate distance and depth perception at night, and visual illusions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Normal, abnormal, and emergency operations of night vision goggle equipment;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Night vision goggle performance and scene interpretation; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Night vision goggle operation flight planning, including night terrain interpretation and factors affecting terrain interpretation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided under paragraph (k)(3) of this section, a person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft using night vision goggles only if that person receives and logs flight training from an authorized instructor and obtains a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor who found the person proficient in the use of night vision goggles. The flight training must include the following tasks:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight and use of internal and external aircraft lighting systems for night vision goggle operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight preparation of night vision goggles for night vision goggle operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Proper piloting techniques when using night vision goggles during the takeoff, climb, enroute, descent, and landing phases of flight; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Normal, abnormal, and emergency flight operations using night vision goggles.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The requirements under paragraphs (k)(1) and (2) of this section do not apply if a person can document satisfactory completion of any of the following pilot proficiency checks using night vision goggles in an aircraft:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A pilot proficiency check on night vision goggle operations conducted by the U.S. Armed Forces.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A pilot proficiency check on night vision goggle operations under part 135 of this chapter conducted by an Examiner or Check Airman.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) A pilot proficiency check on night vision goggle operations conducted by a night vision goggle manufacturer or authorized instructor, when the pilot—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Is employed by a Federal, State, county, or municipal law enforcement agency; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Has logged at least 20 hours as pilot in command in night vision goggle operations. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">405</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(l) <span class="E-03">Exceptions.</span> (1) This section does not require a category and class rating for aircraft not type-certificated as airplanes, rotorcraft, gliders, lighter-than-air aircraft, powered-lifts, powered parachutes, or weight-shift-control aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The rating limitations of this section do not apply to—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An applicant when taking a practical test given by an examiner;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The holder of a student pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) The holder of a pilot certificate when operating an aircraft under the authority of—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) A provisional type certificate; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) An experimental certificate, unless the operation involves carrying a passenger;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) The holder of a pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air category rating when operating a balloon;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) The holder of a recreational pilot certificate operating under the provisions of § 61.101(h); or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) The holder of a sport pilot certificate when operating a light-sport aircraft.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 40896, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2011]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.33"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.33</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Tests: General procedure.</span> | |
| <span class="P">Tests prescribed by or under this part are given at times and places, and by persons designated by the Administrator.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.35"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.35</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Knowledge test: Prerequisites and passing grades.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) An applicant for a knowledge test must have:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Received an endorsement, if required by this part, from an authorized instructor certifying that the applicant accomplished the appropriate ground-training or a home-study course required by this part for the certificate or rating sought and is prepared for the knowledge test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) After July 31, 2014, for the knowledge test for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating, a graduation certificate for the airline transport pilot certification training program specified in § 61.156; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Proper identification at the time of application that contains the applicant's—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Photograph;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Signature;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Date of birth, which shows:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) For issuance of certificates other than the ATP certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating, the applicant meets or will meet the age requirements of this part for the certificate sought before the expiration date of the airman knowledge test report;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Prior to August 1, 2014, for issuance of an ATP certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating under the aeronautical experience requirements of §§ 61.159 or 61.160, the applicant is at least 21 years of age at the time of the knowledge test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) After July 31, 2014, for issuance of an ATP certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating obtained under the aeronautical experience requirements of §§ 61.159 or 61.160, the applicant is at least 18 years of age at the time of the knowledge test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) If the permanent mailing address is a post office box number, then the applicant must provide a current residential address.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The Administrator shall specify the minimum passing grade for the knowledge test.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42373, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-130B, 78 FR 77573, Dec. 24, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.37"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.37</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Knowledge tests: Cheating or other unauthorized conduct.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) An applicant for a knowledge test may not:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Copy or intentionally remove any knowledge test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Give to another applicant or receive from another applicant any part or copy of a knowledge test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Give assistance on, or receive assistance on, a knowledge test during the period that test is being given;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Take any part of a knowledge test on behalf of another person;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Be represented by, or represent, another person for a knowledge test; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">406</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Use any material or aid during the period that the test is being given, unless specifically authorized to do so by the Administrator; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Intentionally cause, assist, or participate in any act prohibited by this paragraph.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) An applicant who the Administrator finds has committed an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this section is prohibited, for 1 year after the date of committing that act, from:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Applying for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this chapter; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Applying for and taking any test under this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Any certificate or rating held by an applicant may be suspended or revoked if the Administrator finds that person has committed an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this section.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.39"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.39</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Prerequisites for practical tests.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (e) of this section, to be eligible for a practical test for a certificate or rating issued under this part, an applicant must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Pass the required knowledge test:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Within the 24-calendar-month period preceding the month the applicant completes the practical test, if a knowledge test is required; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Within the 60-calendar month period preceding the month the applicant completes the practical test for those applicants who complete the airline transport pilot certification training program in § 61.156 and pass the knowledge test for an airline transport pilot certificate with a multiengine class rating after July 31, 2014;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Present the knowledge test report at the time of application for the practical test, if a knowledge test is required;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Have satisfactorily accomplished the required training and obtained the aeronautical experience prescribed by this part for the certificate or rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Hold at least a third-class medical certificate, if a medical certificate is required;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Meet the prescribed age requirement of this part for the issuance of the certificate or rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Have an endorsement, if required by this part, in the applicant's logbook or training record that has been signed by an authorized instructor who certifies that the applicant—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Has received and logged training time within 2 calendar months preceding the month of application in preparation for the practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Is prepared for the required practical test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which the applicant was deficient on the airman knowledge test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Have a completed and signed application form.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) An applicant for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating or an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane type rating may take the practical test with an expired knowledge test only if the applicant passed the knowledge test after July 31, 2014, and is employed:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) As a flightcrew member by a part 119 certificate holder conducting operations under parts 125 or 135 of this chapter at the time of the practical test and has satisfactorily accomplished that operator's approved pilot-in-command training or checking program; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) As a flightcrew member by a part 119 certificate holder conducting operations under part 121 of this chapter at the time of the practical test and has satisfactorily accomplished that operator's approved initial training program; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) By the U.S. Armed Forces as a flight crewmember in U.S. military air transport operations at the time of the practical test and has completed the pilot in command aircraft qualification training program that is appropriate to the pilot certificate and rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) An applicant for an airline transport pilot certificate with a rating other than those ratings set forth in paragraph (b) of this section may take the practical test for that certificate or rating with an expired knowledge test report, provided that the applicant is employed:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) As a flightcrew member by a part 119 certificate holder conducting operations under parts 125 or 135 of this chapter at the time of the practical test and has satisfactorily accomplished that operator's approved pilot-in-command training or checking program; or</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">407</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) By the U.S. Armed Forces as a flight crewmember in U.S. military air transport operations at the time of the practical test and has completed the pilot in command aircraft qualification training program that is appropriate to the pilot certificate and rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) In addition to the requirements in paragraph (a) of this section, to be eligible for a practical test for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating or airline transport pilot certificate obtained concurrently with an airplane type rating, an applicant must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) If the applicant passed the knowledge test after July 31, 2014, present the graduation certificate for the airline transport pilot certification training program in § 61.156, at the time of application for the practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) If applying for the practical test under the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.160(a), the applicant must present the documents required by that section to substantiate eligibility; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) If applying for the practical test under the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.160(b), (c), or (d), the applicant must present an official transcript and certifying document from an institution of higher education that holds a letter of authorization from the Administrator under § 61.169.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) A person is not required to comply with the provisions of paragraph (a)(6) of this section if that person:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Holds a foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation that authorizes at least the privileges of the pilot certificate sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Is only applying for a type rating; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Is applying for an airline transport pilot certificate or an additional rating to an airline transport pilot certificate in an aircraft that does not require an aircraft type rating practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) If all increments of the practical test for a certificate or rating are not completed on the same date, then all the remaining increments of the test must be completed within 2 calendar months after the month the applicant began the test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) If all increments of the practical test for a certificate or rating are not completed within 2 calendar months after the month the applicant began the test, the applicant must retake the entire practical test.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42548, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42373, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-130B, 78 FR 77573, Dec. 24, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.41"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.41</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight training received from flight instructors not certificated by the FAA.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person may credit flight training toward the requirements of a pilot certificate or rating issued under this part, if that person received the training from:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A flight instructor of an Armed Force in a program for training military pilots of either—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The United States; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A flight instructor who is authorized to give such training by the licensing authority of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, and the flight training is given outside the United States.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A flight instructor described in paragraph (a) of this section is only authorized to give endorsements to show training given.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.43"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.43</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Practical tests: General procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Completion of the practical test for a certificate or rating consists of—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Performing the tasks specified in the areas of operation for the airman certificate or rating sought within the approved practical test standards;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Demonstrating mastery of the aircraft by performing each task successfully;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Demonstrating proficiency and competency within the approved standards; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Demonstrating sound judgment. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">408</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The pilot flight crew complement required during the practical test is based on one of the following requirements that applies to the aircraft being used on the practical test:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) If the aircraft's FAA-approved flight manual requires the pilot flight crew complement be a single pilot, then the applicant must demonstrate single pilot proficiency on the practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) If the aircraft's type certification data sheet requires the pilot flight crew complement be a single pilot, then the applicant must demonstrate single pilot proficiency on the practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) If the FAA Flight Standardization Board report, FAA-approved aircraft flight manual, or aircraft type certification data sheet allows the pilot flight crew complement to be either a single pilot, or a pilot and a copilot, then the applicant may demonstrate single pilot proficiency or have a copilot on the practical test. If the applicant performs the practical test with a copilot, the limitation of “Second in Command Required” will be placed on the applicant's pilot certificate. The limitation may be removed if the applicant passes the practical test by demonstrating single-pilot proficiency in the aircraft in which single-pilot privileges are sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) If an applicant fails any area of operation, that applicant fails the practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) An applicant is not eligible for a certificate or rating sought until all the areas of operation are passed.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) The examiner or the applicant may discontinue a practical test at any time:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) When the applicant fails one or more of the areas of operation; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Due to inclement weather conditions, aircraft airworthiness, or any other safety-of-flight concern.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) If a practical test is discontinued, the applicant is entitled credit for those areas of operation that were passed, but only if the applicant:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Passes the remainder of the practical test within the 60-day period after the date the practical test was discontinued;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Presents to the examiner for the retest the original notice of disapproval form or the letter of discontinuance form, as appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Satisfactorily accomplishes any additional training needed and obtains the appropriate instructor endorsements, if additional training is required; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Presents to the examiner for the retest a properly completed and signed application.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42549, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.45"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.45</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipment.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section or when permitted to accomplish the entire flight increment of the practical test in a flight simulator or a flight training device, an applicant for a certificate or rating issued under this part must furnish:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) An aircraft of U.S. registry for each required test that—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Is of the category, class, and type, if applicable, for which the applicant is applying for a certificate or rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Has a standard airworthiness certificate or special airworthiness certificate in the limited, primary, or light-sport category.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) At the discretion of the examiner who administers the practical test, the applicant may furnish—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An aircraft that has an airworthiness certificate other than a standard airworthiness certificate or special airworthiness certificate in the limited, primary, or light-sport category, but that otherwise meets the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) An aircraft of the same category, class, and type, if applicable, of foreign registry that is properly certificated by the country of registry; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) A military aircraft of the same category, class, and type, if aircraft class and type are appropriate, for which the applicant is applying for a certificate or rating, and provided—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) The aircraft is under the direct operational control of the U.S. Armed Forces;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) The aircraft is airworthy under the maintenance standards of the U.S. Armed Forces; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">409</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(C) The applicant has a letter from his or her commanding officer authorizing the use of the aircraft for the practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Required equipment (other than controls).</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, an aircraft used for a practical test must have—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The equipment for each area of operation required for the practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) No prescribed operating limitations that prohibit its use in any of the areas of operation required for the practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Except as provided in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section, at least two pilot stations with adequate visibility for each person to operate the aircraft safely; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Cockpit and outside visibility adequate to evaluate the performance of the applicant when an additional jump seat is provided for the examiner.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An applicant for a certificate or rating may use an aircraft with operating characteristics that preclude the applicant from performing all of the tasks required for the practical test. However, the applicant's certificate or rating, as appropriate, will be issued with an appropriate limitation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Required controls.</span> Except for lighter-than-air aircraft, and a glider without an engine, an aircraft used for a practical test must have engine power controls and flight controls that are easily reached and operable in a conventional manner by both pilots, unless the Examiner determines that the practical test can be conducted safely in the aircraft without the controls easily reached by the Examiner.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Simulated instrument flight equipment.</span> An applicant for a practical test that involves maneuvering an aircraft solely by reference to instruments must furnish:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Equipment on board the aircraft that permits the applicant to pass the areas of operation that apply to the rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A device that prevents the applicant from having visual reference outside the aircraft, but does not prevent the examiner from having visual reference outside the aircraft, and is otherwise acceptable to the Administrator.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Aircraft with single controls.</span> A practical test may be conducted in an aircraft having a single set of controls, provided the:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Examiner agrees to conduct the test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Test does not involve a demonstration of instrument skills; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Proficiency of the applicant can be observed by an examiner who is in a position to observe the applicant.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Light-sport aircraft with a single seat.</span> A practical test for a sport pilot certificate may be conducted in a light-sport aircraft having a single seat provided that the—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Examiner agrees to conduct the test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Examiner is in a position to observe the operation of the aircraft and evaluate the proficiency of the applicant; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Pilot certificate of an applicant successfully passing the test is issued a pilot certificate with a limitation “No passenger carriage and flight in a single-seat light-sport aircraft only.”</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42549, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.47"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.47</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Status of an examiner who is authorized by the Administrator to conduct practical tests.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) An examiner represents the Administrator for the purpose of conducting practical tests for certificates and ratings issued under this part and to observe an applicant's ability to perform the areas of operation on the practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The examiner is not the pilot in command of the aircraft during the practical test unless the examiner agrees to act in that capacity for the flight or for a portion of the flight by prior arrangement with:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The applicant; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A person who would otherwise act as pilot in command of the flight or for a portion of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Notwithstanding the type of aircraft used during the practical test, the applicant and the examiner (and any other occupants authorized to be on board by the examiner) are not subject to the requirements or limitations for the carriage of passengers that are specified in this chapter.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">410</span></div></div></div> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.49"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.49</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Retesting after failure.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) An applicant for a knowledge or practical test who fails that test may reapply for the test only after the applicant has received:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The necessary training from an authorized instructor who has determined that the applicant is proficient to pass the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An endorsement from an authorized instructor who gave the applicant the additional training.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) An applicant for a flight instructor certificate with an airplane category rating or, for a flight instructor certificate with a glider category rating, who has failed the practical test due to deficiencies in instructional proficiency on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, or spin recovery must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Comply with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section before being retested;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Bring an aircraft to the retest that is of the appropriate aircraft category for the rating sought and is certificated for spins; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Demonstrate satisfactory instructional proficiency on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery to an examiner during the retest.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.51"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.51</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Pilot logbooks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Training time and aeronautical experience.</span> Each person must document and record the following time in a manner acceptable to the Administrator:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Training and aeronautical experience used to meet the requirements for a certificate, rating, or flight review of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The aeronautical experience required for meeting the recent flight experience requirements of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Logbook entries.</span> For the purposes of meeting the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, each person must enter the following information for each flight or lesson logged:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) General—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Date.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Total flight time or lesson time.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Location where the aircraft departed and arrived, or for lessons in a flight simulator or flight training device, the location where the lesson occurred.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Type and identification of aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device, as appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) The name of a safety pilot, if required by § 91.109 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Type of pilot experience or training—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Solo.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Pilot in command.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Second in command.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Flight and ground training received from an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Training received in a flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device from an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Conditions of flight—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Day or night.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Actual instrument.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Simulated instrument conditions in flight, a flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Use of night vision goggles in an aircraft in flight, in a flight simulator, or in a flight training device.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Logging of pilot time.</span> The pilot time described in this section may be used to:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Apply for a certificate or rating issued under this part or a privilege authorized under this part; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Satisfy the recent flight experience requirements of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Logging of solo flight time.</span> Except for a student pilot performing the duties of pilot in command of an airship requiring more than one pilot flight crewmember, a pilot may log as solo flight time only that flight time when the pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Logging pilot-in-command flight time.</span> (1) A sport, recreational, private, commercial, or airline transport pilot may log pilot in command flight time for flights-</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) When the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which the pilot is rated, or has sport pilot privileges for that category and class of aircraft, if the aircraft class rating is appropriate; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">411</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) When the pilot is the sole occupant in the aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) When the pilot, except for a holder of a sport or recreational pilot certificate, acts as pilot in command of an aircraft for which more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is conducted; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) When the pilot performs the duties of pilot in command while under the supervision of a qualified pilot in command provided—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) The pilot performing the duties of pilot in command holds a commercial or airline transport pilot certificate and aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category and class of aircraft being flown, if a class rating is appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) The pilot performing the duties of pilot in command is undergoing an approved pilot in command training program that includes ground and flight training on the following areas of operation—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">2</span>) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">3</span>) Takeoff and departure;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">4</span>) In-flight maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">5</span>) Instrument procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">6</span>) Landings and approaches to landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">7</span>) Normal and abnormal procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">8</span>) Emergency procedures; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">9</span>) Postflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) The supervising pilot in command holds—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) A commercial pilot certificate and flight instructor certificate, and aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category, class, and type of aircraft being flown, if a class or type rating is required; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(<span class="E-03">2</span>) An airline transport pilot certificate and aircraft rating that is appropriate to the category, class, and type of aircraft being flown, if a class or type rating is required; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) The supervising pilot in command logs the pilot in command training in the pilot's logbook, certifies the pilot in command training in the pilot's logbook and attests to that certification with his or her signature, and flight instructor certificate number.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) If rated to act as pilot in command of the aircraft, an airline transport pilot may log all flight time while acting as pilot in command of an operation requiring an airline transport pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A certificated flight instructor may log pilot in command flight time for all flight time while serving as the authorized instructor in an operation if the instructor is rated to act as pilot in command of that aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) A student pilot may log pilot-in-command time only when the student pilot—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Is the sole occupant of the aircraft or is performing the duties of pilot of command of an airship requiring more than one pilot flight crewmember;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Has a solo flight endorsement as required under § 61.87 of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Is undergoing training for a pilot certificate or rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Logging second-in-command flight time.</span> A person may log second-in-command time only for that flight time during which that person:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Is qualified in accordance with the second-in-command requirements of § 61.55 of this part, and occupies a crewmember station in an aircraft that requires more than one pilot by the aircraft's type certificate; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Holds the appropriate category, class, and instrument rating (if an instrument rating is required for the flight) for the aircraft being flown, and more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is being conducted.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Logging instrument time.</span> (1) A person may log instrument time only for that flight time when the person operates the aircraft solely by reference to instruments under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An authorized instructor may log instrument time when conducting instrument flight instruction in actual instrument flight conditions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) For the purposes of logging instrument time to meet the recent instrument experience requirements of § 61.57(c) of this part, the following information must be recorded in the person's logbook—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The location and type of each instrument approach accomplished; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The name of the safety pilot, if required. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">412</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(4) A person can use time in a flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device for acquiring instrument aeronautical experience for a pilot certificate, rating, or instrument recency experience, provided an authorized instructor is present to observe that time and signs the person's logbook or training record to verify the time and the content of the training session.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Logging training time.</span> (1) A person may log training time when that person receives training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The training time must be logged in a logbook and must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Be endorsed in a legible manner by the authorized instructor; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Include a description of the training given, the length of the training lesson, and the authorized instructor's signature, certificate number, and certificate expiration date.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Presentation of required documents.</span> (1) Persons must present their pilot certificate, medical certificate, logbook, or any other record required by this part for inspection upon a reasonable request by—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The Administrator;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) An authorized representative from the National Transportation Safety Board; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A student pilot must carry the following items in the aircraft on all solo cross-country flights as evidence of the required authorized instructor clearances and endorsements—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Pilot logbook;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Student pilot certificate; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Any other record required by this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A sport pilot must carry his or her logbook or other evidence of required authorized instructor endorsements on all flights.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) A recreational pilot must carry his or her logbook with the required authorized instructor endorsements on all solo flights—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) That exceed 50 nautical miles from the airport at which training was received;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Within airspace that requires communication with air traffic control;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Conducted between sunset and sunrise; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) In an aircraft for which the pilot does not hold an appropriate category or class rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) A flight instructor with a sport pilot rating must carry his or her logbook or other evidence of required authorized instructor endorsements on all flights when providing flight training.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) <span class="E-03">Aircraft requirements for logging flight time.</span> For a person to log flight time, the time must be acquired in an aircraft that is identified as an aircraft under § 61.5(b), and is—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) An aircraft of U.S. registry with either a standard or special airworthiness certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An aircraft of foreign registry with an airworthiness certificate that is approved by the aviation authority of a foreign country that is a Member State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation Organization;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A military aircraft under the direct operational control of the U.S. Armed Forces; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) A public aircraft under the direct operational control of a Federal, State, county, or municipal law enforcement agency, if the flight time was acquired by the pilot while engaged on an official law enforcement flight for a Federal, State, County, or Municipal law enforcement agency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) <span class="E-03">Logging night vision goggle time.</span> (1) A person may log night vision goggle time only for the time the person uses night vision goggles as the primary visual reference of the surface and operates:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An aircraft during a night vision goggle operation; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A flight simulator or flight training device with the lighting system adjusted to represent the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An authorized instructor may log night vision goggle time when that person conducts training using night vision goggles as the primary visual reference of the surface and operates:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An aircraft during a night goggle operation; or | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">413</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A flight simulator or flight training device with the lighting system adjusted to represent the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) To log night vision goggle time to meet the recent night vision goggle experience requirements under § 61.57(f), a person must log the information required under § 61.51(b).</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40897, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20286, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42549, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2011]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.52"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.52</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Use of aeronautical experience obtained in ultralight vehicles.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Before January 31, 2012, a person may use aeronautical experience obtained in an ultralight vehicle to meet the requirements for the following certificates and ratings issued under this part:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A sport pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A private pilot certificate with a weight-shift-control or powered parachute category rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Before January 31, 2012, a person may use aeronautical experience obtained in an ultralight vehicle to meet the provisions of § 61.69.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A person using aeronautical experience obtained in an ultralight vehicle to meet the requirements for a certificate or rating specified in paragraph (a) of this section or the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Have been a registered ultralight pilot with an FAA-recognized ultralight organization when that aeronautical experience was obtained;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Document and log that aeronautical experience in accordance with the provisions for logging aeronautical experience specified by an FAA-recognized ultralight organization and in accordance with the provisions for logging pilot time in aircraft as specified in § 61.51;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Obtain the aeronautical experience in a category and class of vehicle corresponding to the rating or privilege sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Provide the FAA with a certified copy of his or her ultralight pilot records from an FAA-recognized ultralight organization, that —</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Document that he or she is a registered ultralight pilot with that FAA-recognized ultralight organization; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Indicate that he or she is recognized to operate the category and class of aircraft for which sport pilot privileges are sought.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44865, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.53"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.53</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Prohibition on operations during medical deficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Operations that require a medical certificate.</span> Except as provided for in paragraph (b) of this section, no person who holds a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter may act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to meet the requirements for the medical certificate necessary for the pilot operation; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Is taking medication or receiving other treatment for a medical condition that results in the person being unable to meet the requirements for the medical certificate necessary for the pilot operation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Operations that do not require a medical certificate.</span> For operations provided for in § 61.23(b) of this part, a person shall not act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to operate the aircraft in a safe manner.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Operations requiring a medical certificate or a U.S. driver's license.</span> For operations provided for in § 61.23(c), a person must meet the provisions of—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Paragraph (a) of this section if that person holds a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter and does not hold a U.S. driver's license.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Paragraph (b) of this section if that person holds a U.S. driver's license.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44866, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42550, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">414</span></div></div></div> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.55"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.55</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Second-in-command qualifications.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person may serve as a second-in-command of an aircraft type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or in operations requiring a second-in-command pilot flight crewmember only if that person holds:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) At least a private pilot certificate with the appropriate category and class rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An instrument rating or privilege that applies to the aircraft being flown if the flight is under IFR; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) At least a pilot type rating for the aircraft being flown unless the flight will be conducted as domestic flight operations within the United States airspace.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may serve as a second-in-command of an aircraft type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or in operations requiring a second-in-command unless that person has within the previous 12 calendar months:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Become familiar with the following information for the specific type aircraft for which second-in-command privileges are requested—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Operational procedures applicable to the powerplant, equipment, and systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Performance specifications and limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Normal, abnormal, and emergency operating procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Flight manual.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Placards and markings.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, performed and logged pilot time in the type of aircraft or in a flight simulator that represents the type of aircraft for which second-in-command privileges are requested, which includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop as the sole manipulator of the flight controls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Engine-out procedures and maneuvering with an engine out while executing the duties of pilot in command; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Crew resource management training.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) If a person complies with the requirements in paragraph (b) of this section in the calendar month before or the calendar month after the month in which compliance with this section is required, then that person is considered to have accomplished the training and practice in the month it is due.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) A person may receive a second-in-command pilot type rating for an aircraft after satisfactorily completing the second-in-command familiarization training requirements under paragraph (b) of this section in that type of aircraft provided the training was completed within the 12 calendar months before the month of application for the SIC pilot type rating. The person must comply with the following application and pilot certification procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The person who provided the training must sign the applicant's logbook or training record after each lesson in accordance with § 61.51(h)(2) of this part. In lieu of the trainer, it is permissible for a qualified management official within the organization to sign the applicant's training records or logbook and make the required endorsement. The qualified management official must hold the position of Chief Pilot, Director of Training, Director of Operations, or another comparable management position within the organization that provided the training and must be in a position to verify the applicant's training records and that the training was given.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The trainer or qualified management official must make an endorsement in the applicant's logbook that states “[Applicant's Name and Pilot Certificate Number] has demonstrated the skill and knowledge required for the safe operation of the [Type of Aircraft], relevant to the duties and responsibilities of a second in command.”</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) If the applicant's flight experience and/or training records are in an electronic form, the applicant must present a paper copy of those records containing the signature of the trainer or qualified management official to an FAA Flight Standards District Office or Examiner.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) The applicant must complete and sign an Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, FAA Form 8710-1, and present the application to an FAA Flight Standards District Office or to an Examiner.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">415</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(5) The person who provided the ground and flight training to the applicant must sign the “Instructor's Recommendation” section of the Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, FAA Form 8710-1. In lieu of the trainer, it is permissible for a qualified management official within the organization to sign the applicant's FAA Form 8710-1.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) The applicant must appear in person at a FAA Flight Standards District Office or to an Examiner with his or her logbook/training records and with the completed and signed FAA Form 8710-1.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) There is no practical test required for the issuance of the “SIC Privileges Only” pilot type rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) A person may receive a second-in-command pilot type rating for the type of aircraft after satisfactorily completing an approved second-in-command training program, proficiency check, or competency check under subpart K of part 91, part 125, or part 135, as appropriate, in that type of aircraft provided the training was completed within the 12 calendar months before the month of application for the SIC pilot type rating. The person must comply with the following application and pilot certification procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The person who provided the training must sign the applicant's logbook or training record after each lesson in accordance with § 61.51(h)(2) of this part. In lieu of the trainer, it is permissible for a qualified management official within the organization to sign the applicant's training records or logbook and make the required endorsement. The qualified management official must hold the position of Chief Pilot, Director of Training, Director of Operations, or another comparable management position within the organization that provided the training and must be in a position to verify the applicant's training records and that the training was given.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The trainer or qualified management official must make an endorsement in the applicant's logbook that states “[Applicant's Name and Pilot Certificate Number] has demonstrated the skill and knowledge required for the safe operation of the [Type of Aircraft], relevant to the duties and responsibilities of a second in command.”</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) If the applicant's flight experience and/or training records are in an electronic form, the applicant must provide a paper copy of those records containing the signature of the trainer or qualified management official to an FAA Flight Standards District Office, an Examiner, or an Aircrew Program Designee.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) The applicant must complete and sign an Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, FAA Form 8710-1, and present the application to an FAA Flight Standards District Office or to an Examiner or to an authorized Aircrew Program Designee.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) The person who provided the ground and flight training to the applicant must sign the “Instructor's Recommendation” section of the Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, FAA Form 8710-1. In lieu of the trainer, it is permissible for a qualified management official within the organization to sign the applicant's FAA Form 8710-1.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) The applicant must appear in person at an FAA Flight Standards District Office or to an Examiner or to an authorized Aircrew Program Designee with his or her logbook/training records and with the completed and signed FAA Form 8710-1.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) There is no practical test required for the issuance of the “SIC Privileges Only” pilot type rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) The familiarization training requirements of paragraph (b) of this section do not apply to a person who is:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Designated and qualified as pilot in command under subpart K of part 91, part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter in that specific type of aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Designated as the second in command under subpart K of part 91, part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter in that specific type of aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Designated as the second in command in that specific type of aircraft for the purpose of receiving flight training required by this section, and no passengers or cargo are carried on the aircraft; or | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">416</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Designated as a safety pilot for purposes required by § 91.109 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) The holder of a commercial or airline transport pilot certificate with the appropriate category and class rating is not required to meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(2) of this section, provided the pilot:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Is conducting a ferry flight, aircraft flight test, or evaluation flight of an aircraft's equipment; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Is not carrying any person or property on board the aircraft, other than necessary for conduct of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) For the purpose of meeting the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section, a person may serve as second in command in that specific type aircraft, provided:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The flight is conducted under day VFR or day IFR; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) No person or property is carried on board the aircraft, other than necessary for conduct of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The training under paragraphs (b) and (d) of this section and the training, proficiency check, and competency check under paragraph (e) of this section may be accomplished in a flight simulator that is used in accordance with an approved training course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter or under subpart K of part 91, part 121 or part 135 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) When an applicant for an initial second-in-command qualification for a particular type of aircraft receives all the training in a flight simulator, that applicant must satisfactorily complete one takeoff and one landing in an aircraft of the same type for which the qualification is sought. This requirement does not apply to an applicant who completes a proficiency check under part 121 or competency check under subpart K, part 91, part 125, or part 135 for the particular type of aircraft.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40898, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-109, 68 FR 54559, Sept. 17, 2003; Amdt. 61-113, 70 FR 45271, Aug. 4, 2005; Amdt. 61-109, 70 FR 61890, Oct. 27, 2005; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42550, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54105, Aug. 31, 2011; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.56"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.56</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight review.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (f) of this section, a flight review consists of a minimum of 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training. The review must include:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A review of the current general operating and flight rules of part 91 of this chapter; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Glider pilots may substitute a minimum of three instructional flights in a glider, each of which includes a flight to traffic pattern altitude, in lieu of the 1 hour of flight training required in paragraph (a) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A logbook endorsed from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) A person who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, passed any of the following need not accomplish the flight review required by this section:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A pilot proficiency check or practical test conducted by an examiner, an approved pilot check airman, or a U.S. Armed Force, for a pilot certificate, rating, or operating privilege.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A practical test conducted by an examiner for the issuance of a flight instructor certificate, an additional rating on a flight instructor certificate, renewal of a flight instructor certificate, or reinstatement of a flight instructor certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) A person who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, satisfactorily accomplished one or more phases of an FAA-sponsored pilot proficiency award program need not accomplish the flight review required by this section.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">417</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(f) A person who holds a flight instructor certificate and who has, within the period specified in paragraph (c) of this section, satisfactorily completed a renewal of a flight instructor certificate under the provisions in § 61.197 need not accomplish the one hour of ground training specified in paragraph (a) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) A student pilot need not accomplish the flight review required by this section provided the student pilot is undergoing training for a certificate and has a current solo flight endorsement as required under § 61.87 of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) The requirements of this section may be accomplished in combination with the requirements of § 61.57 and other applicable recent experience requirements at the discretion of the authorized instructor conducting the flight review.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A flight simulator or flight training device may be used to meet the flight review requirements of this section subject to the following conditions:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The flight simulator or flight training device must be used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Unless the flight review is undertaken in a flight simulator that is approved for landings, the applicant must meet the takeoff and landing requirements of § 61.57(a) or § 61.57(b) of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The flight simulator or flight training device used must represent an aircraft or set of aircraft for which the pilot is rated.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40898, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20287, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42550, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-131, 78 FR 56828, Sept. 16, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.57"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.57</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Recent flight experience: Pilot in command.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General experience.</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers or of an aircraft certificated for more than one pilot flight crewmember unless that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days, and—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The person acted as the sole manipulator of the flight controls; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a type rating is required), and, if the aircraft to be flown is an airplane with a tailwheel, the takeoffs and landings must have been made to a full stop in an airplane with a tailwheel.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For the purpose of meeting the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, a person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft under day VFR or day IFR, provided no persons or property are carried on board the aircraft, other than those necessary for the conduct of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The takeoffs and landings required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section may be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that is—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Approved by the Administrator for landings; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Night takeoff and landing experience.</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise, unless within the preceding 90 days that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise, and—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) That person acted as sole manipulator of the flight controls; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a type rating is required).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The takeoffs and landings required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be accomplished in a flight simulator that is—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Approved by the Administrator for takeoffs and landings, if the visual system is adjusted to represent the period described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">418</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Instrument experience.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, a person may act as pilot in command under IFR or weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR only if:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) <span class="E-03">Use of an airplane, powered-lift, helicopter, or airship for maintaining instrument experience.</span> Within the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the flight, that person performed and logged at least the following tasks and iterations in an airplane, powered-lift, helicopter, or airship, as appropriate, for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained in actual weather conditions, or under simulated conditions using a view-limiting device that involves having performed the following—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Six instrument approaches.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Holding procedures and tasks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigational electronic systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) <span class="E-03">Use of a flight simulator or flight training device for maintaining instrument experience.</span> Within the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the flight, that person performed and logged at least the following tasks and iterations in a flight simulator or flight training device, provided the flight simulator or flight training device represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and involves having performed the following—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Six instrument approaches.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Holding procedures and tasks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigational electronic systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) <span class="E-03">Use of an aviation training device for maintaining instrument experience.</span> Within the 2 calendar months preceding the month of the flight, that person performed and logged at least the following tasks, iterations, and time in an aviation training device and has performed the following—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Three hours of instrument experience.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Holding procedures and tasks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Six instrument approaches.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Two unusual attitude recoveries while in a descending, V<span class="E-52">ne</span> airspeed condition and two unusual attitude recoveries while in an ascending, stall speed condition.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Interception and tracking courses through the use of navigational electronic systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) <span class="E-03">Combination of completing instrument experience in an aircraft and a flight simulator, flight training device, and aviation training device.</span> A person who elects to complete the instrument experience with a combination of an aircraft, flight simulator or flight training device, and aviation training device must have performed and logged the following within the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the flight—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Instrument experience in an airplane, powered-lift, helicopter, or airship, as appropriate, for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained, performed in actual weather conditions, or under simulated weather conditions while using a view-limiting device, on the following instrument currency tasks:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Instrument approaches.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Holding procedures and tasks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Interception and tracking courses through the use of navigational electronic systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Instrument experience in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and involves performing at least the following tasks—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Instrument approaches.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Holding procedures and tasks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Interception and tracking courses through the use of navigational electronic systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Instrument experience in an aviation training device that represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and involves performing at least the following tasks—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Six instrument approaches.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Holding procedures and tasks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Interception and tracking courses through the use of navigational electronic systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) <span class="E-03">Combination of completing instrument experience in a flight simulator or flight training device, and an aviation <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">419</span></div></div></div>training device.</span> A person who elects to complete the instrument experience with a combination of a flight simulator, flight training device, and aviation training device must have performed the following within the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the flight—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Instrument recency experience in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and involves having performed the following tasks:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Six instrument approaches.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Holding procedures and tasks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Interception and tracking courses through the use of navigational electronic systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Three hours of instrument experience in an aviation training device that represents the category of aircraft for the instrument rating privileges to be maintained and involves performing at least the following tasks—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Six instrument approaches.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Holding procedures and tasks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Interception and tracking courses through the use of navigational electronic systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) Two unusual attitude recoveries while in a descending, V<span class="E-52">ne</span> airspeed condition and two unusual attitude recoveries while in an ascending, stall speed condition.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Maintaining instrument recent experience in a glider.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Within the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the flight, that person must have performed and logged at least the following instrument currency tasks, iterations, and flight time, and the instrument currency must have been performed in actual weather conditions or under simulated weather conditions—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) One hour of instrument flight time in a glider or in a single engine airplane using a view-limiting device while performing interception and tracking courses through the use of navigation electronic systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Two hours of instrument flight time in a glider or a single engine airplane with the use of a view-limiting device while performing straight glides, turns to specific headings, steep turns, flight at various airspeeds, navigation, and slow flight and stalls.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Before a pilot is allowed to carry a passenger in a glider under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR, that pilot must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Have logged and performed 2 hours of instrument flight time in a glider within the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Use a view-limiting-device while practicing performance maneuvers, performance airspeeds, navigation, slow flight, and stalls.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Instrument proficiency check.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, a person who has failed to meet the instrument experience requirements of paragraph (c) for more than six calendar months may reestablish instrument currency only by completing an instrument proficiency check. The instrument proficiency check must consist of the areas of operation and instrument tasks required in the instrument rating practical test standards.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The instrument proficiency check must be—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) In an aircraft that is appropriate to the aircraft category;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For other than a glider, in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of the aircraft category; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) For a glider, in a single-engine airplane or a glider.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The instrument proficiency check must be given by—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An examiner;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A person authorized by the U.S. Armed Forces to conduct instrument flight tests, provided the person being tested is a member of the U.S. Armed Forces;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) A company check pilot who is authorized to conduct instrument flight tests under part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter or subpart K of part 91 of this chapter, and provided that both the check pilot and the pilot being tested are employees of that operator or fractional ownership program manager, as applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) An authorized instructor; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) A person approved by the Administrator to conduct instrument practical tests. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">420</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Exceptions.</span> (1) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to a pilot in command who is employed by a part 119 certificate holder authorized to conduct operations under part 125 when the pilot is engaged in a flight operation for that certificate holder if the pilot in command is in compliance with §§ 125.281 and 125.285 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) This section does not apply to a pilot in command who is employed by a part 119 certificate holder authorized to conduct operations under part 121 when the pilot is engaged in a flight operation under parts 91 and 121 for that certificate holder if the pilot in command is in compliance with §§ 121.435 or 121.436, as applicable, and § 121.439 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) This section does not apply to a pilot in command who is employed by a part 119 certificate holder authorized to conduct operations under part 135 when the pilot is engaged in a flight operation under parts 91 and 135 for that certificate holder if the pilot in command is in compliance with §§ 135.243 and 135.247 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Paragraph (b) of this section does not apply to a pilot in command of a turbine-powered airplane that is type certificated for more than one pilot crewmember, provided that pilot has complied with the requirements of paragraph (e)(4)(i) or (ii) of this section:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The pilot in command must hold at least a commercial pilot certificate with the appropriate category, class, and type rating for each airplane that is type certificated for more than one pilot crewmember that the pilot seeks to operate under this alternative, and:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) That pilot must have logged at least 1,500 hours of aeronautical experience as a pilot;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) In each airplane that is type certificated for more than one pilot crewmember that the pilot seeks to operate under this alternative, that pilot must have accomplished and logged the daytime takeoff and landing recent flight experience of paragraph (a) of this section, as the sole manipulator of the flight controls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Within the preceding 90 days prior to the operation of that airplane that is type certificated for more than one pilot crewmember, the pilot must have accomplished and logged at least 15 hours of flight time in the type of airplane that the pilot seeks to operate under this alternative; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) That pilot has accomplished and logged at least 3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop, as the sole manipulator of the flight controls, in a turbine-powered airplane that requires more than one pilot crewmember. The pilot must have performed the takeoffs and landings during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise within the preceding 6 months prior to the month of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The pilot in command must hold at least a commercial pilot certificate with the appropriate category, class, and type rating for each airplane that is type certificated for more than one pilot crewmember that the pilot seeks to operate under this alternative, and:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) That pilot must have logged at least 1,500 hours of aeronautical experience as a pilot;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) In each airplane that is type certificated for more than one pilot crewmember that the pilot seeks to operate under this alternative, that pilot must have accomplished and logged the daytime takeoff and landing recent flight experience of paragraph (a) of this section, as the sole manipulator of the flight controls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Within the preceding 90 days prior to the operation of that airplane that is type certificated for more than one pilot crewmember, the pilot must have accomplished and logged at least 15 hours of flight time in the type of airplane that the pilot seeks to operate under this alternative; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) Within the preceding 12 months prior to the month of the flight, the pilot must have completed a training program that is approved under part 142 of this chapter. The approved training program must have required and the pilot must have performed, at least 6 takeoffs and 6 landings to a full stop as the sole manipulator of the controls in a flight simulator that is representative of a turbine-powered airplane that requires more than one pilot crewmember. The flight simulator's visual system must have been adjusted to represent the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">421</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Night vision goggle operating experience.</span> (1) A person may act as pilot in command in a night vision goggle operation with passengers on board only if, within 2 calendar months preceding the month of the flight, that person performs and logs the following tasks as the sole manipulator of the controls on a flight during a night vision goggle operation—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Three takeoffs and three landings, with each takeoff and landing including a climbout, cruise, descent, and approach phase of flight (only required if the pilot wants to use night vision goggles during the takeoff and landing phases of the flight).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Three hovering tasks (only required if the pilot wants to use night vision goggles when operating helicopters or powered-lifts during the hovering phase of flight).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Three area departure and area arrival tasks.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Three tasks of transitioning from aided night flight (<span class="E-03">aided night flight</span> means that the pilot uses night vision goggles to maintain visual surface reference) to unaided night flight (<span class="E-03">unaided night flight</span> means that the pilot does not use night vision goggles) and back to aided night flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Three night vision goggle operations, or when operating helicopters or powered-lifts, six night vision goggle operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A person may act as pilot in command using night vision goggles only if, within the 4 calendar months preceding the month of the flight, that person performs and logs the tasks listed in paragraph (f)(1)(i) through (v) of this section as the sole manipulator of the controls during a night vision goggle operation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Night vision goggle proficiency check.</span> A person must either meet the night vision goggle experience requirements of paragraphs (f)(1) or (f)(2) of this section or pass a night vision goggle proficiency check to act as pilot in command using night vision goggles. The proficiency check must be performed in the category of aircraft that is appropriate to the night vision goggle operation for which the person is seeking the night vision goggle privilege or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of that category of aircraft. The check must consist of the tasks listed in § 61.31(k), and the check must be performed by:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) An Examiner who is qualified to perform night vision goggle operations in that same aircraft category and class;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A person who is authorized by the U.S. Armed Forces to perform night vision goggle proficiency checks, provided the person being administered the check is also a member of the U.S. Armed Forces;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A company check pilot who is authorized to perform night vision goggle proficiency checks under parts 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter, provided that both the check pilot and the pilot being tested are employees of that operator;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) An authorized flight instructor who is qualified to perform night vision goggle operations in that same aircraft category and class;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) A person who is qualified as pilot in command for night vision goggle operations in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) A person approved by the FAA to perform night vision goggle proficiency checks.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40898, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-106, 64 FR 23529, Apr. 30, 1999; Amdt. 61-109, 68 FR 54559, Sept. 17, 2003; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42550, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-127, 76 FR 19267, Apr. 7, 2011; Amdt. 61-129, 76 FR 78143, Dec. 16, 2011; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-131, 78 FR 56828, Sept. 16, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.58"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.58</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Pilot-in-command proficiency check: Operation of an aircraft that requires more than one pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, to serve as pilot in command of an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered, a person must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Within the preceding 12 calendar months, complete a pilot-in-command proficiency check in an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered; and</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">422</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Within the preceding 24 calendar months, complete a pilot-in-command proficiency check in the particular type of aircraft in which that person will serve as pilot in command, that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) This section does not apply to persons conducting operations under subpart K of part 91, part 121, 125, 133, 135, or 137 of this chapter, or persons maintaining continuing qualification under an Advanced Qualification program approved under subpart Y of part 121 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) The pilot-in-command proficiency check given in accordance with the provisions of subpart K of part 91, part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter may be used to satisfy the requirements of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) The pilot-in-command proficiency check required by paragraph (a) of this section may be accomplished by satisfactory completion of one of the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A pilot-in-command proficiency check conducted by a person authorized by the Administrator, consisting of the aeronautical knowledge areas, areas of operations, and tasks required for a type rating, in an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The practical test required for a type rating, in an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The initial or periodic practical test required for the issuance of a pilot examiner or check airman designation, in an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) A pilot proficiency check administered by a U.S. Armed Force that qualifies the military pilot for pilot-in-command designation with instrument privileges, and was performed in a military aircraft that the military requires to be operated by more than one pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-powered;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) For a pilot authorized by the Administrator to operate an experimental turbojet-powered aircraft that possesses, by original design or through modification, more than a single seat, the required proficiency check for all of the experimental turbojet-powered aircraft for which the pilot holds an authorization may be accomplished by completing any one of the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A single proficiency check, conducted by an examiner authorized by the Administrator, in any one of the experimental turbojet-powered aircraft for which the airman holds an authorization to operate if conducted within the prior 12 months;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A single proficiency check, conducted by an examiner authorized by the Administrator, in any experimental turbojet-powered aircraft (<span class="E-03">e.g.</span>, if a pilot acquires a new authorization to operate an additional experimental turbojet-powered aircraft, the check for that new authorization will meet the intent), if conducted within the prior 12 months;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Current qualification under an Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) under subpart Y of part 121 of this chapter;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Any proficiency check conducted under subpart K of part 91, part 121, or part 135 of this chapter within the prior 12 months if conducted in a turbojet-powered aircraft; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Any other § 61.58 proficiency check conducted within the prior 12 months if conducted in a turbojet-powered aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) The pilot of a multi-seat experimental turbojet-powered aircraft who has not received a proficiency check within the prior 12 months in accordance with this section may continue to operate such aircraft in accordance with the pilot's authorizations. However, the pilot is prohibited from carriage of any persons in any experimental turbojet-powered aircraft with the exception of those individuals authorized by the Administrator to conduct training, conduct flight checks, or perform pilot certification functions in such aircraft, and only during flights specifically related to training, flight checks, or certification in such aircraft. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">423</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(f) This section will not apply to a pilot authorized by the Administrator to serve as pilot in command in experimental turbojet-powered aircraft that possesses, by original design, a single seat, when operating such single-seat aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) A check or test described in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this section may be accomplished in a flight simulator under part 142 of this chapter, subject to the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Except as provided for in paragraphs (g)(2) and (3) of this section, if an otherwise qualified and approved flight simulator used for a pilot-in-command proficiency check is not qualified and approved for a specific required maneuver—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The training center must annotate, in the applicant's training record, the maneuver or maneuvers omitted; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Prior to acting as pilot in command, the pilot must demonstrate proficiency in each omitted maneuver in an aircraft or flight simulator qualified and approved for each omitted maneuver.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) If the flight simulator used pursuant to paragraph (g) of this section is not qualified and approved for circling approaches—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The applicant's record must include the statement, “Proficiency in circling approaches not demonstrated”; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The applicant may not perform circling approaches as pilot in command when weather conditions are less than the basic VFR conditions described in § 91.155 of this chapter, until proficiency in circling approaches has been successfully demonstrated in a flight simulator qualified and approved for circling approaches or in an aircraft to a person authorized by the Administrator to conduct the check required by this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) If the flight simulator used pursuant to paragraph (g) of this section is not qualified and approved for landings, the applicant must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Hold a type rating in the airplane represented by the simulator; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Have completed within the preceding 90 days at least three takeoffs and three landings (one to a full stop) as the sole manipulator of the flight controls in the type airplane for which the pilot-in-command proficiency check is sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) For the purpose of meeting the pilot-in-command proficiency check requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, a person may act as pilot in command of a flight under day VFR conditions or day IFR conditions if no person or property is carried, other than as necessary to demonstrate compliance with this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) If a pilot takes the pilot-in-command proficiency check required by this section in the calendar month before or the calendar month after the month in which it is due, the pilot is considered to have taken it in the month in which it was due for the purpose of computing when the next pilot-in-command proficiency check is due.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) A pilot-in-command of a turbojet powered aircraft that is type certificated for one pilot does not have to comply with the pilot-in-command proficiency check requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section until October 31, 2012.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) Unless required by the aircraft's operating limitations, a pilot-in-command of an experimental turbojet-powered aircraft does not have to comply with the pilot-in-command proficiency check requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section until October 31, 2012.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 40899, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-109, 68 FR 54559, Sept. 17, 2003; Amdt. 61-112, 70 FR 54814, Sept. 16, 2005; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54106, Aug. 31, 2011; 76 FR 63184, Oct. 12, 2011]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.59"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.59</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Falsification, reproduction, or alteration of applications, certificates, logbooks, reports, or records.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) No person may make or cause to be made:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Any fraudulent or intentionally false statement on any application for a certificate, rating, authorization, or duplicate thereof, issued under this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Any fraudulent or intentionally false entry in any logbook, record, or report that is required to be kept, made, or used to show compliance with any requirement for the issuance or exercise of the privileges of any certificate, rating, or authorization under this part;</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">424</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Any reproduction for fraudulent purpose of any certificate, rating, or authorization, under this part; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Any alteration of any certificate, rating, or authorization under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The commission of an act prohibited under paragraph (a) of this section is a basis for suspending or revoking any airman certificate, rating, or authorization held by that person.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.60"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.60</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Change of address.</span> | |
| <span class="P">The holder of a pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor certificate who has made a change in permanent mailing address may not, after 30 days from that date, exercise the privileges of the certificate unless the holder has notified in writing the FAA, Airman Certification Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, of the new permanent mailing address, or if the permanent mailing address includes a post office box number, then the holder's current residential address.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart B—Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Authorizations</span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.61"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.61</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="P">This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of additional aircraft ratings after a pilot certificate is issued, issuance of a type rating concurrently with a pilot certificate, and the requirements for and limitations of pilot authorizations issued by the Administrator.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2006-26661, 76 FR 78143, Dec. 16, 2011]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.63"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.63</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Additional aircraft ratings (other than for ratings at the airline transport pilot certification level).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> For an additional aircraft rating on a pilot certificate, other than for an airline transport pilot certificate, a person must meet the requirements of this section appropriate to the additional aircraft rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Additional aircraft category rating.</span> A person who applies to add a category rating to a pilot certificate:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Must complete the training and have the applicable aeronautical experience.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor attesting that the person was found competent in the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the appropriate areas of operation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Must pass the practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Need not take an additional knowledge test, provided the applicant holds an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, weight-shift-control aircraft, powered parachute, or airship rating at that pilot certificate level.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Additional aircraft class rating.</span> A person who applies for an additional class rating on a pilot certificate:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor attesting that the person was found competent in the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the appropriate areas of operation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Must pass the practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Need not meet the specified training time requirements prescribed by this part that apply to the pilot certificate for the aircraft class rating sought; unless, the person only holds a lighter-than-air category rating with a balloon class rating and is seeking an airship class rating, then that person must receive the specified training time requirements and possess the appropriate aeronautical experience.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Need not take an additional knowledge test, provided the applicant holds an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, weight-shift-control aircraft, powered parachute, or airship rating at that pilot certificate level.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Additional aircraft type rating.</span> Except as provided under paragraph (d)(6) of this section, a person who applies for an aircraft type rating or an aircraft type rating to be completed concurrently with an aircraft category or class rating—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Must hold or concurrently obtain an appropriate instrument rating, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Must have a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor attesting that the person is competent in the appropriate aeronautical knowledge areas and proficient in the appropriate areas of operation at the airline transport pilot certification level.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">425</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Must pass the practical test at the airline transport pilot certification level.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Need not take an additional knowledge test if the applicant holds an airplane, rotorcraft, powered-lift, or airship rating on the pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) In the case of a pilot employee of a part 121 or part 135 certificate holder or of a fractional ownership program manager under subpart K of part 91 of this chapter, the pilot must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Meet the appropriate requirements under paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(3), and (d)(4) of this section; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Receive a flight training record endorsement from the certificate holder attesting that the person completed the certificate holder's approved ground and flight training program.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Aircraft not capable of instrument maneuvers and procedures.</span> (1) An applicant for a type rating or a type rating in addition to an aircraft category and/or class rating who provides an aircraft that is not capable of the instrument maneuvers and procedures required on the practical test:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) May apply for the type rating, but the rating will be limited to “VFR only.”</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) May have the “VFR only” limitation removed for that aircraft type after the applicant:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Passes a practical test in that type of aircraft in actual or simulated instrument conditions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Passes a practical test in that type of aircraft on the appropriate instrument maneuvers and procedures in § 61.157; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Becomes qualified under § 61.73(d) for that type of aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) When an instrument rating is issued to a person who holds one or more type ratings, the amended pilot certificate must bear the “VFR only” limitation for each aircraft type rating that the person did not demonstrate instrument competency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station.</span> An applicant for a type rating, at other than the ATP certification level, in a multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in the multi-seat version of that airplane, or the practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test and there is no multi-seat version of that multiengine airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Single engine airplane with a single-pilot station.</span> An applicant for a type rating, at other than the ATP certification level, in a single engine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in the multi-seat version of that single engine airplane, or the practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test and there is no multi-seat version of that single engine airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Aircraft category and class rating for the operation of aircraft with an experimental certificate.</span> A person holding a recreational, private, or commercial pilot certificate may apply for a category and class rating limited to a specific make and model of experimental aircraft, provided—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The person logged 5 hours flight time while acting as pilot in command in the same category, class, make, and model of aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The person received a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who determined the pilot's proficiency to act as pilot in command of the same category, class, make, and model of aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The flight time specified under paragraph (h)(1) of this section was logged between September 1, 2004 and August 31, 2005.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Waiver authority.</span> An Examiner who conducts a practical test may waive any task for which the FAA has provided waiver authority.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42552, Aug. 21, 2009, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">426</span></div></div></div> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.64"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.64</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Use of a flight simulator and flight training device.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Use of a flight simulator or flight training device.</span> If an applicant for a certificate or rating uses a flight simulator or flight training device for training or any portion of the practical test, the flight simulator and flight training device—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Must represent the category, class, and type (if a type rating is applicable) for the rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Must be qualified and approved by the Administrator and used in accordance with an approved course of training under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter; or under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, provided the applicant is a pilot employee of that air carrier operator.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, if an airplane is not used during the practical test for a type rating for a turbojet airplane (except for preflight inspection), an applicant must accomplish the entire practical test in a Level C or higher flight simulator and the applicant must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Hold a type rating in a turbojet airplane of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought, and that type rating may not contain a supervised operating experience limitation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different turbojet airplanes of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as pilot in command in a turbojet airplane of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Have 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane for which the type rating is sought; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Have logged at least 2,000 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours were in turbine-powered airplanes of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, if an airplane is not used during the practical test for a type rating for a turbo-propeller airplane (except for preflight inspection), an applicant must accomplish the entire practical test in a Level C or higher flight simulator and the applicant must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Hold a type rating in a turbo-propeller airplane of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought, and that type rating may not contain a supervised operating experience limitation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different turbo-propeller airplanes of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as pilot in command in a turbo-propeller airplane of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Have 500 hours of flight time in the same type of airplane for which the type rating is sought; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Have logged at least 2,000 hours of flight time, of which 500 hours were in turbine-powered airplanes of the same class of airplane for which the type rating is sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, if a helicopter is not used during the practical test for a type rating in a helicopter (except for preflight inspection), an applicant must accomplish the entire practical test in a Level C or higher flight simulator and the applicant must meet one of the following requirements—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Hold a type rating in a helicopter and that type rating may not contain the supervised operating experience limitation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as pilot in command of a helicopter;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Have 500 hours of flight time in the type of helicopter; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different types of helicopters.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, if a powered-lift is not used during the practical test for a type rating in a powered-lift (except for preflight inspection), an applicant must accomplish the entire practical test in a Level C or higher flight simulator and the applicant must meet one of the following requirements—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Hold a type rating in a powered-lift without a supervised operating experience limitation; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">427</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Have been appointed by the U.S. Armed Forces as pilot in command of a powered-lift;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Have 500 hours of flight time in the type of powered-lift for which the rating is sought; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Have 1,000 hours of flight time in two different types of powered-lifts.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) If the applicant does not meet one of the experience requirements of paragraphs (b)(1) through (5), (c)(1) through (5), (d)(1) through (4) or (e)(1) through (4) of this section, as appropriate to the type rating sought, then—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The applicant must complete the following tasks on the practical test in an aircraft appropriate to category, class, and type for the rating sought: Preflight inspection, normal takeoff, normal instrument landing system approach, missed approach, and normal landing; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The applicant's pilot certificate will be issued with a limitation that states: “The [name of the additional type rating] is subject to pilot in command limitations,” and the applicant is restricted from serving as pilot in command in an aircraft of that type.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) The limitation described under paragraph (f)(2) of this section may be removed from the pilot certificate if the applicant complies with the following—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Performs 25 hours of flight time in an aircraft of the category, class, and type for which the limitation applies under the direct observation of the pilot in command who holds a category, class, and type rating, without limitations, for the aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Logs each flight and the pilot in command who observed the flight attests in writing to each flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Obtains the flight time while performing the duties of pilot in command; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Presents evidence of the supervised operating experience to any Examiner or FAA Flight Standards District Office to have the limitation removed.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2006-26661, 76 FR 78143, Dec. 16, 2011]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.65"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.65</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Instrument rating requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who applies for an instrument rating must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Hold at least a current private pilot certificate, or be concurrently applying for a private pilot certificate, with an airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift rating appropriate to the instrument rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet any of these requirements due to a medical condition, the Administrator may place such operating limitations on the applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or accomplish a home-study course of training on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section that apply to the instrument rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Receive a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person is prepared to take the required knowledge test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Receive and log training on the areas of operation of paragraph (c) of this section from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device that represents an airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift appropriate to the instrument rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Receive a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person is prepared to take the required practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section; however, an applicant is not required to take another knowledge test when that person already holds an instrument rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation in paragraph (c) of this section in—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift appropriate to the rating sought; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A flight simulator or a flight training device appropriate to the rating sought and for the specific maneuver or instrument approach procedure performed. If an approved flight training device is used for the practical test, the instrument approach procedures conducted in that flight training device are limited to one precision and one nonprecision approach, provided the flight training device is approved for the procedure performed.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">428</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> A person who applies for an instrument rating must have received and logged ground training from an authorized instructor or accomplished a home-study course on the following aeronautical knowledge areas that apply to the instrument rating sought:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that apply to flight operations under IFR;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Appropriate information that applies to flight operations under IFR in the “Aeronautical Information Manual;”</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Air traffic control system and procedures for instrument flight operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) IFR navigation and approaches by use of navigation systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Use of IFR en route and instrument approach procedure charts;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procurement and use of aviation weather reports and forecasts and the elements of forecasting weather trends based on that information and personal observation of weather conditions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft under instrument flight rules and conditions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Recognition of critical weather situations and windshear avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Crew resource management, including crew communication and coordination.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Flight proficiency.</span> A person who applies for an instrument rating must receive and log training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, or in a flight simulator or flight training device, in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section, that includes the following areas of operation:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Air traffic control clearances and procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Flight by reference to instruments;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Navigation systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Instrument approach procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Aeronautical experience for the instrument-airplane rating.</span> A person who applies for an instrument-airplane rating must have logged:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, 50 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, of which 10 hours must have been in an airplane; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Forty hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas of operation listed in paragraph (c) of this section, of which 15 hours must have been received from an authorized instructor who holds an instrument-airplane rating, and the instrument time includes:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized instructor in an airplane that is appropriate to the instrument-airplane rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Instrument flight training on cross country flight procedures, including one cross country flight in an airplane with an authorized instructor, that is performed under instrument flight rules, when a flight plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, and that involves—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles along airways or by directed routing from an air traffic control facility;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) An instrument approach at each airport; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Aeronautical experience for the instrument-helicopter rating.</span> A person who applies for an instrument-helicopter rating must have logged:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, 50 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, of which 10 hours must have been in a helicopter; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Forty hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas of operation listed under paragraph (c) of this section, of which 15 hours must have been with an authorized instructor who holds an instrument-helicopter rating, and the instrument time includes: | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">429</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized instructor in a helicopter that is appropriate to the instrument-helicopter rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Instrument flight training on cross country flight procedures, including one cross country flight in a helicopter with an authorized instructor that is performed under instrument flight rules and a flight plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, and involves—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) A flight of 100 nautical miles along airways or by directed routing from an air traffic control facility;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) An instrument approach at each airport; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Aeronautical experience for the instrument-powered-lift rating.</span> A person who applies for an instrument-powered-lift rating must have logged:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Except as provided in paragraph (g) of this section, 50 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command, of which 10 hours must have been in a powered-lift; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Forty hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas of operation listed under paragraph (c) of this section, of which 15 hours must have been received from an authorized instructor who holds an instrument-powered-lift rating, and the instrument time includes:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Three hours of instrument flight training from an authorized instructor in a powered-lift that is appropriate to the instrument-powered-lift rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Instrument flight training on cross country flight procedures, including one cross country flight in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor that is performed under instrument flight rules, when a flight plan has been filed with an air traffic control facility, that involves—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) A flight of 250 nautical miles along airways or by directed routing from an air traffic control facility;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) An instrument approach at each airport; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) An applicant for a combined private pilot certificate with an instrument rating may satisfy the cross-country flight time requirements of this section by crediting:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) For an instrument-airplane rating or an instrument-powered-lift rating, up to 45 hours of cross-country flight time performing the duties of pilot in command with an authorized instructor; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For an instrument-helicopter rating, up to 47 hours of cross-country flight time performing the duties of pilot in command with an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Use of flight simulators or flight training devices.</span> If the instrument time was provided by an authorized instructor in a flight simulator or flight training device—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A maximum of 30 hours may be performed in that flight simulator or flight training device if the instrument time was completed in accordance with part 142 of this chapter; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A maximum of 20 hours may be performed in that flight simulator or flight training device if the instrument time was not completed in accordance with part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Use of an aviation training device.</span> A maximum of 10 hours of instrument time received in an aviation training device may be credited for the instrument time requirements of this section if—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The device is approved and authorized by the FAA;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An authorized instructor provides the instrument time in the device;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) No more than 10 hours of instrument time in a flight simulator or flight training device was credited for the instrument time requirements of this section;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) A view-limiting device was worn by the applicant when logging instrument time in the device; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">430</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(5) The FAA approved the instrument training and instrument tasks performed in the device.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40900, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42554, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-127, 76 FR 19267, Apr. 7, 2011; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54106, Aug. 31, 2011]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.67"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.67</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Category II pilot authorization requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who applies for a Category II pilot authorization must hold:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) At least a private or commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating or an airline transport pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A type rating for the aircraft for which the authorization is sought if that aircraft requires a type rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A category and class rating for the aircraft for which the authorization is sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Experience requirements.</span> An applicant for a Category II pilot authorization must have at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 50 hours of night flight time as pilot in command.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 75 hours of instrument time under actual or simulated instrument conditions that may include not more than—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A combination of 25 hours of simulated instrument flight time in a flight simulator or flight training device; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 40 hours of simulated instrument flight time if accomplished in an approved course conducted by an appropriately rated training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 250 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Practical test requirements.</span> (1) A practical test must be passed by a person who applies for—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Issuance or renewal of a Category II pilot authorization; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The addition of another type aircraft to the applicant's Category II pilot authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) To be eligible for the practical test for an authorization under this section, an applicant must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) If the applicant has not passed a practical test for this authorization during the 12 calendar months preceding the month of the test, then that person must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Meet the requirements of § 61.57(c); and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Have performed at least six ILS approaches during the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the test, of which at least three of the approaches must have been conducted without the use of an approach coupler.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The approaches specified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(B) of this section—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Must be conducted under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Must be conducted to the decision height for the ILS approach in the type aircraft in which the practical test is to be conducted;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Need not be conducted to the decision height authorized for Category II operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Must be conducted to the decision height authorized for Category II operations only if conducted in a flight simulator or flight training device; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Must be accomplished in an aircraft of the same category and class, and type, as applicable, as the aircraft in which the practical test is to be conducted or in a flight simulator that—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Represents an aircraft of the same category and class, and type, as applicable, as the aircraft in which the authorization is sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Is used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) The flight time acquired in meeting the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(B) of this section may be used to meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Practical test procedures.</span> The practical test consists of an oral increment and a flight increment.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) <span class="E-03">Oral increment.</span> In the oral increment of the practical test an applicant must demonstrate knowledge of the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Required landing distance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Recognition of the decision height;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Missed approach procedures and techniques using computed or fixed attitude guidance displays;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Use and limitations of RVR; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">431</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Use of visual clues, their availability or limitations, and altitude at which they are normally discernible at reduced RVR readings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Procedures and techniques related to transition from nonvisual to visual flight during a final approach under reduced RVR;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Effects of vertical and horizontal windshear;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Characteristics and limitations of the ILS and runway lighting system;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Characteristics and limitations of the flight director system, auto approach coupler (including split axis type if equipped), auto throttle system (if equipped), and other required Category II equipment;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Assigned duties of the second in command during Category II approaches, unless the aircraft for which authorization is sought does not require a second in command; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Instrument and equipment failure warning systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) <span class="E-03">Flight increment.</span> The following requirements apply to the flight increment of the practical test:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The flight increment must be conducted in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type, as applicable, as the aircraft in which the authorization is sought or in a flight simulator that—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Represents an aircraft of the same category and class, and type, as applicable, as the aircraft in which the authorization is sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Is used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The flight increment must consist of at least two ILS approaches to 100 feet AGL including at least one landing and one missed approach.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) All approaches performed during the flight increment must be made with the use of an approved flight control guidance system, except if an approved auto approach coupler is installed, at least one approach must be hand flown using flight director commands.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) If a multiengine airplane with the performance capability to execute a missed approach with one engine inoperative is used for the practical test, the flight increment must include the performance of one missed approach with an engine, which shall be the most critical engine, if applicable, set at idle or zero thrust before reaching the middle marker.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) If a multiengine flight simulator or multiengine flight training device is used for the practical test, the applicant must execute a missed approach with the most critical engine, if applicable, failed.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) For an authorization for an aircraft that requires a type rating, the practical test must be performed in coordination with a second in command who holds a type rating in the aircraft in which the authorization is sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Oral questioning may be conducted at any time during a practical test.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40900, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.68"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.68</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Category III pilot authorization requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who applies for a Category III pilot authorization must hold:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) At least a private pilot certificate or commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating or an airline transport pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A type rating for the aircraft for which the authorization is sought if that aircraft requires a type rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A category and class rating for the aircraft for which the authorization is sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Experience requirements.</span> An applicant for a Category III pilot authorization must have at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 50 hours of night flight time as pilot in command.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 75 hours of instrument flight time during actual or simulated instrument conditions that may include not more than—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A combination of 25 hours of simulated instrument flight time in a flight simulator or flight training device; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 40 hours of simulated instrument flight time if accomplished in an approved course conducted by an appropriately rated training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 250 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot in command. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">432</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Practical test requirements.</span> (1) A practical test must be passed by a person who applies for—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Issuance or renewal of a Category III pilot authorization; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The addition of another type of aircraft to the applicant's Category III pilot authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) To be eligible for the practical test for an authorization under this section, an applicant must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) If the applicant has not passed a practical test for this authorization during the 12 calendar months preceding the month of the test, then that person must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Meet the requirements of § 61.57(c); and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Have performed at least six ILS approaches during the 6 calendar months preceding the month of the test, of which at least three of the approaches must have been conducted without the use of an approach coupler.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The approaches specified in paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(B) of this section—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Must be conducted under actual or simulated instrument flight conditions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Must be conducted to the alert height or decision height for the ILS approach in the type aircraft in which the practical test is to be conducted;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Need not be conducted to the decision height authorized for Category III operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Must be conducted to the alert height or decision height, as applicable, authorized for Category III operations only if conducted in a flight simulator or flight training device; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Must be accomplished in an aircraft of the same category and class, and type, as applicable, as the aircraft in which the practical test is to be conducted or in a flight simulator that—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Represents an aircraft of the same category and class, and type, as applicable, as the aircraft for which the authorization is sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Is used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) The flight time acquired in meeting the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(B) of this section may be used to meet the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Practical test procedures.</span> The practical test consists of an oral increment and a flight increment.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) <span class="E-03">Oral increment.</span> In the oral increment of the practical test an applicant must demonstrate knowledge of the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Required landing distance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Determination and recognition of the alert height or decision height, as applicable, including use of a radar altimeter;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Recognition of and proper reaction to significant failures encountered prior to and after reaching the alert height or decision height, as applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Missed approach procedures and techniques using computed or fixed attitude guidance displays and expected height loss as they relate to manual go-around or automatic go-around, and initiation altitude, as applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Use and limitations of RVR, including determination of controlling RVR and required transmissometers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Use, availability, or limitations of visual cues and the altitude at which they are normally discernible at reduced RVR readings including—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Unexpected deterioration of conditions to less than minimum RVR during approach, flare, and rollout;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Demonstration of expected visual references with weather at minimum conditions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) The expected sequence of visual cues during an approach in which visibility is at or above landing minima; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) Procedures and techniques for making a transition from instrument reference flight to visual flight during a final approach under reduced RVR.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Effects of vertical and horizontal windshear;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Characteristics and limitations of the ILS and runway lighting system;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Characteristics and limitations of the flight director system auto approach coupler (including split axis type if equipped), auto throttle system (if equipped), and other Category III equipment;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Assigned duties of the second in command during Category III operations, unless the aircraft for which authorization is sought does not require a second in command;</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">433</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Recognition of the limits of acceptable aircraft position and flight path tracking during approach, flare, and, if applicable, rollout; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Recognition of, and reaction to, airborne or ground system faults or abnormalities, particularly after passing alert height or decision height, as applicable.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) <span class="E-03">Flight increment.</span> The following requirements apply to the flight increment of the practical test—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The flight increment may be conducted in an aircraft of the same category and class, and type, as applicable, as the aircraft for which the authorization is sought, or in a flight simulator that—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Represents an aircraft of the same category and class, and type, as applicable, as the aircraft in which the authorization is sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Is used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The flight increment must consist of at least two ILS approaches to 100 feet AGL, including one landing and one missed approach initiated from a very low altitude that may result in a touchdown during the go-around maneuver;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) All approaches performed during the flight increment must be made with the approved automatic landing system or an equivalent landing system approved by the Administrator;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) If a multiengine aircraft with the performance capability to execute a missed approach with one engine inoperative is used for the practical test, the flight increment must include the performance of one missed approach with the most critical engine, if applicable, set at idle or zero thrust before reaching the middle or outer marker;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) If a multiengine flight simulator or multiengine flight training device is used, a missed approach must be executed with an engine, which shall be the most critical engine, if applicable, failed;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) For an authorization for an aircraft that requires a type rating, the practical test must be performed in coordination with a second in command who holds a type rating in the aircraft in which the authorization is sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Oral questioning may be conducted at any time during the practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Subject to the limitations of this paragraph, for Category IIIb operations predicated on the use of a fail-passive rollout control system, at least one manual rollout using visual reference or a combination of visual and instrument references must be executed. The maneuver required by this paragraph shall be initiated by a fail-passive disconnect of the rollout control system—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) After main gear touchdown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Prior to nose gear touchdown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) In conditions representative of the most adverse lateral touchdown displacement allowing a safe landing on the runway; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) In weather conditions anticipated in Category IIIb operations.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40900, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.69"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.69</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing: Experience and training requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) No person may act as pilot in command for towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle unless that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Holds a private, commercial or airline transport pilot certificate with a category rating for powered aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Has logged at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in the aircraft category, class and type, if required, that the pilot is using to tow a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Has a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies that the person has received ground and flight training in gliders or unpowered ultralight vehicles and is proficient in—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The techniques and procedures essential to the safe towing of gliders or unpowered ultralight vehicles, including airspeed limitations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Emergency procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Signals used; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Maximum angles of bank.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, has logged at least three flights as the sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft while towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle, or has simulated towing flight procedures in an aircraft while accompanied by a pilot who meets the requirements of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">434</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, has received a logbook endorsement from the pilot, described in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, certifying that the person has accomplished at least 3 flights in an aircraft while towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle, or while simulating towing flight procedures; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Within 24 calendar months before the flight has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Made at least three actual or simulated tows of a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle while accompanied by a qualified pilot who meets the requirements of this section; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Made at least three flights as pilot in command of a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle towed by an aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Any person who, before May 17, 1967, has made and logged 10 or more flights as pilot in command of an aircraft towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle in accordance with a certificate of waiver need not comply with paragraphs (a)(4) and (a)(5) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) The pilot, described in paragraph (a)(4) of this section, who endorses the logbook of a person seeking towing privileges must have—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Met the requirements of this section prior to endorsing the logbook of the person seeking towing privileges; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Logged at least 10 flights as pilot in command of an aircraft while towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) If the pilot described in paragraph (a)(4) of this section holds only a private pilot certificate, then that pilot must have—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Logged at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in airplanes, or 200 hours of pilot-in-command time in a combination of powered and other-than-powered aircraft; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Performed and logged at least three flights within the 12 calendar months preceding the month that pilot accompanies or endorses the logbook of a person seeking towing privileges—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) In an aircraft while towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle accompanied by another pilot who meets the requirements of this section; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) As pilot in command of a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle being towed by another aircraft.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44866, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42555, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.71"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.71</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Graduates of an approved training program other than under this part: Special rules.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person who graduates from an approved training program under part 141 or part 142 of this chapter is considered to have met the applicable aeronautical experience, aeronautical knowledge, and areas of operation requirements of this part if that person presents the graduation certificate and passes the required practical test within the 60-day period after the date of graduation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A person may apply for an airline transport pilot certificate, type rating, or both under this part, and will be considered to have met the applicable requirements under § 61.157, except for the airline transport pilot certification training program required by § 61.156, for that certificate and rating, if that person has:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Satisfactorily accomplished an approved training program and a proficiency check for that airplane type that includes all the tasks and maneuvers required to serve as pilot in command in accordance with the requirements of subparts N and O of part 121 of this chapter; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Applied for an airline transport pilot certificate, type rating, or both within the 60-day period from the date the person satisfactorily accomplished the requirements of paragraph (b)(1) for that airplane type.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A person who holds a foreign pilot license and is applying for an equivalent U.S. pilot certificate on the basis of a Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement and associated Implementation Procedures for Licensing may be considered to have met the applicable aeronautical experience, aeronautical knowledge, and areas of operation requirements of this part.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">435</span></div></div></div> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40901, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-128, 76 FR 54107, Aug. 31, 2011; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.73"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.73</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rules.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> Except for a person who has been removed from flying status for lack of proficiency or because of a disciplinary action involving aircraft operations, a U.S. military pilot or former military pilot who meets the requirements of this section may apply, on the basis of his or her military pilot qualifications, for:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A commercial pilot certificate with the appropriate aircraft category and class rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An instrument rating with the appropriate aircraft rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A type rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Military pilots and former military pilots in the U.S. Armed Forces.</span> A person who qualifies as a military pilot or former military pilot in the U.S. Armed Forces may apply for a pilot certificate and ratings under paragraph (a) of this section if that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Presents evidentiary documents described under paragraphs (h)(1), (2), and (3) of this section that show the person's status in the U.S. Armed Forces.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Has passed the military competency aeronautical knowledge test on the appropriate parts of this chapter for commercial pilot privileges and limitations, air traffic and general operating rules, and accident reporting rules.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Presents official U.S. military records that show compliance with one of the following requirements—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Before the date of the application, passing an official U.S. military pilot and instrument proficiency check in a military aircraft of the kind of aircraft category, class, and type, if class or type of aircraft is applicable, for the ratings sought; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Before the date of application, logging 10 hours of pilot time as a military pilot in a U.S. military aircraft in the kind of aircraft category, class, and type, if a class rating or type rating is applicable, for the aircraft rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">A military pilot in the Armed Forces of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.</span> A person who is a military pilot in the Armed Forces of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation and is assigned to pilot duties in the U.S. Armed Forces, for purposes other than receiving flight training, may apply for a commercial pilot certificate and ratings under paragraph (a) of this section, provided that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Presents evidentiary documents described under paragraph (h)(4) of this section that show the person is a military pilot in the Armed Forces of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, and is assigned to pilot duties in the U.S. Armed Forces, for purposes other than receiving flight training.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Has passed the military competency aeronautical knowledge test on the appropriate parts of this chapter for commercial pilot privileges and limitations, air traffic and general operating rules, and accident reporting rules.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Presents official U.S. military records that show compliance with one of the following requirements:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Before the date of the application, passed an official U.S. military pilot and instrument proficiency check in a military aircraft of the kind of aircraft category, class, or type, if class or type of aircraft is applicable, for the ratings; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Before the date of the application, logged 10 hours of pilot time as a military pilot in a U.S. military aircraft of the kind of category, class, and type of aircraft, if a class rating or type rating is applicable, for the aircraft rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Instrument rating.</span> A person who is qualified as a U.S. military pilot or former military pilot may apply for an instrument rating to be added to a pilot certificate if that person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Has passed an instrument proficiency check in the U.S. Armed Forces in the aircraft category for the instrument rating sought; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">436</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Has an official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is instrument pilot qualified by the U.S. Armed Forces to conduct instrument flying on Federal airways in that aircraft category and class for the instrument rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Aircraft type rating.</span> An aircraft type rating may only be issued for a type of aircraft that has a comparable civilian type designation by the Administrator.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Aircraft type rating placed on an airline transport pilot certificate.</span> A person who is a military pilot or former military pilot of the U.S. Armed Forces and requests an aircraft type rating to be placed on an existing U.S. airline transport pilot certificate may be issued the rating at the airline transport pilot certification level, provided that person:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Holds a category and class rating for that type of aircraft at the airline transport pilot certification level; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Has passed an official U.S. military pilot check and instrument proficiency check in that type of aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Flight instructor certificate and ratings.</span> A person who can show official U.S. military documentation of being a U.S. military instructor pilot or U.S. military pilot examiner, or a former instructor pilot or pilot examiner may apply for and be issued a flight instructor certificate with the appropriate ratings if that person:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Holds a commercial or airline transport pilot certificate with the appropriate aircraft category and class rating, if a class rating is appropriate, for the flight instructor rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Holds an instrument rating, or has instrument privileges, on the pilot certificate that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Presents the following documents:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A knowledge test report that shows the person passed a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed under § 61.185(a) appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought and the knowledge test was passed within the preceding 24 calendar months prior to the month of application. If the U.S. military instructor pilot or pilot examiner already holds a flight instructor certificate, holding of a flight instructor certificate suffices for the knowledge test report.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) An official U.S. Armed Forces record or order that shows the person is or was qualified as a U.S. Armed Forces military instructor pilot or pilot examiner for the flight instructor rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) An official U.S. Armed Forces record or order that shows the person completed a U.S. Armed Forces' instructor pilot or pilot examiner training course and received an aircraft rating qualification as a military instructor pilot or pilot examiner that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) An official U.S. Armed Forces record or order that shows the person passed a U.S. Armed Forces instructor pilot or pilot examiner proficiency check in an aircraft as a military instructor pilot or pilot examiner that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Documents for qualifying for a pilot certificate and rating.</span> The following documents are required for a person to apply for a pilot certificate and rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is or was a military pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person graduated from a U.S. Armed Forces undergraduate pilot training school and received a rating qualification as a military pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the pilot passed a pilot proficiency check and instrument proficiency check in an aircraft as a military pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) If a person is a military pilot in the Armed Forces from a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation and is applying for a pilot certificate and rating, that person must present the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is a military pilot in the U.S. Armed Forces;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person is assigned as a military pilot in the U.S. Armed Forces for purposes other than receiving flight training; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">437</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) An official record that shows the person graduated from a military undergraduate pilot training school from the Armed Forces from a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation or from the U.S. Armed Forces, and received a qualification as a military pilot; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows that the person passed a pilot proficiency check and instrument proficiency check in an aircraft as a military pilot in the U.S. Armed Forces.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42555, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.75"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.75</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Private pilot certificate issued on the basis of a foreign pilot license.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who holds a foreign pilot license at the private pilot level or higher that was issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may apply for and be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate with the appropriate ratings if the foreign pilot license meets the requirements of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Certificate issued.</span> A U.S. private pilot certificate issued under this section must specify the person's foreign license number and country of issuance. A person who holds a foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may be issued a U.S. private pilot certificate based on the foreign pilot license without any further showing of proficiency, provided the applicant:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Meets the requirements of this section;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Holds a foreign pilot license, at the private pilot license level or higher, that does not contain a limitation stating that the applicant has not met all of the standards of ICAO for that license;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Does not hold a U.S. pilot certificate other than a U.S. student pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Holds a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter or a medical license issued by the country that issued the person's foreign pilot license; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Is able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Aircraft ratings issued.</span> Aircraft ratings listed on a person's foreign pilot license, in addition to any issued after testing under the provisions of this part, may be placed on that person's U.S. pilot certificate for private pilot privileges only.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Instrument ratings issued.</span> A person who holds an instrument rating on the foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation may be issued an instrument rating on a U.S. pilot certificate provided:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The person's foreign pilot license authorizes instrument privileges;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Within 24 months preceding the month in which the person applies for the instrument rating, the person passes the appropriate knowledge test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The person is able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Operating privileges and limitations.</span> A person who receives a U.S. private pilot certificate that has been issued under the provisions of this section:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) May act as pilot in command of a civil aircraft of the United States in accordance with the pilot privileges authorized by this part and the limitations placed on that U.S. pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Is limited to the privileges placed on the certificate by the Administrator;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Is subject to the limitations and restrictions on the person's U.S. certificate and foreign pilot license when exercising the privileges of that U.S. pilot certificate in an aircraft of U.S. registry operating within or outside the United States; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Limitation on licenses used as the basis for a U.S. certificate.</span> A person may use only one foreign pilot license as a basis for the issuance of a U.S. pilot certificate. The foreign pilot license and medical certification used as a basis for issuing a U.S. pilot certificate under this section must be written in English or accompanied by an English transcription that has been signed by an official or representative of the foreign aviation authority that issued the foreign pilot license.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">438</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Limitation placed on a U.S. pilot certificate.</span> A U.S. pilot certificate issued under this section can only be exercised when the pilot has the foreign pilot license, upon which the issuance of the U.S. pilot certificate was based, in the holder's possession or readily accessible in the aircraft.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42556, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.77"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.77</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Special purpose pilot authorization: Operation of a civil aircraft of the United States and leased by a non-U.S. citizen.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> The holder of a foreign pilot license issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation who meets the requirements of this section may be issued a special purpose pilot authorization by the Administrator for the purpose of performing pilot duties—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) On a civil aircraft of U.S. registry that is leased to a person who is not a citizen of the United States, and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For carrying persons or property for compensation or hire for operations in—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Scheduled international air services in turbojet-powered airplanes of U.S. registry;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Scheduled international air services in airplanes of U.S. registry having a configuration of more than nine passenger seats, excluding crewmember seats;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Nonscheduled international air transportation in airplanes of U.S. registry having a configuration of more than 30 passenger seats, excluding crewmember seats; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Scheduled international air services, or nonscheduled international air transportation, in airplanes of U.S. registry having a payload capacity of more than 7,500 pounds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Eligibility.</span> To be eligible for the issuance or renewal of a special purpose pilot authorization, an applicant must present the following to an FAA Flight Standards District Office:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A foreign pilot license issued by the aeronautical authority of a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation that contains the appropriate aircraft category, class, type rating, if appropriate, and instrument rating for the aircraft to be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A certification by the lessee of the aircraft—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Stating that the applicant is employed by the lessee;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Specifying the aircraft type on which the applicant will perform pilot duties; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Stating that the applicant has received ground and flight instruction that qualifies the applicant to perform the duties to be assigned on the aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Documentation showing when the applicant will reach the age of 65 years (an official copy of the applicant's birth certificate or other official documentation);</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Documentation the applicant meets the medical standards for the issuance of the foreign pilot license from the aeronautical authority of that contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) A statement that the applicant does not already hold a special purpose pilot authorization; however, if the applicant already holds a special purpose pilot authorization, then that special purpose pilot authorization must be surrendered to either the FAA Flight Standards District Office that issued it, or the FAA Flight Standards District Office processing the application for the authorization, prior to being issued another special purpose pilot authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Privileges.</span> A person issued a special purpose pilot authorization under this section—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) May exercise the privileges prescribed on the special purpose pilot authorization; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">439</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Must comply with the limitations specified in this section and any additional limitations specified on the special purpose pilot authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">General limitations.</span> A special purpose pilot authorization may be used only—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) For flights between foreign countries or for flights in foreign air commerce within the time period allotted on the authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) If the foreign pilot license required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the medical documentation required by paragraph (b)(4) of this section, and the special purpose pilot authorization issued under this section are in the holder's physical possession or immediately accessible in the aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) While the holder is employed by the person to whom the aircraft described in the certification required by paragraph (b)(2) of this section is leased.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) While the holder is performing pilot duties on the U.S.-registered aircraft described in the certification required by paragraph (b)(2) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) If the holder has only one special purpose pilot authorization as provided in paragraph (b)(5) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Age limitation.</span> No person who holds a special purpose pilot authorization issued under this part may serve as a pilot on a civil airplane of U.S. registry in the following operations if the person has reached his or her 60th birthday or, in the case of operations with more than one pilot, his or her 65th birthday:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Scheduled international air services carrying passengers in turbojet-powered airplanes;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Scheduled international air services carrying passengers in airplanes having a passenger-seat configuration of more than nine passenger seats, excluding each crewmember seat;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Nonscheduled international air transportation for compensation or hire in airplanes having a passenger-seat configuration of more than 30 passenger seats, excluding each crewmember seat; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Scheduled international air services, or nonscheduled international air transportation for compensation or hire, in airplanes having a payload capacity of more than 7,500 pounds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Definitions.</span> (1) <span class="E-03">International air service,</span> as used in paragraph (e) of this section, means scheduled air service performed in airplanes for the public transport of passengers, mail, or cargo, in which the service passes through the air space over the territory of more than one country.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) <span class="E-03">International air transportation,</span> as used in paragraph (e) of this section, means air transportation performed in airplanes for the public transport of passengers, mail, or cargo, in which service passes through the air space over the territory of more than one country.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Expiration date.</span> Each special purpose pilot authorization issued under this section expires—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 60 calendar months from the month it was issued, unless sooner suspended or revoked;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) When the lease agreement for the aircraft expires or the lessee terminates the employment of the person who holds the special purpose pilot authorization;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Whenever the person's foreign pilot license has been suspended, revoked, or is no longer valid; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) When the person no longer meets the medical standards for the issuance of the foreign pilot license.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Renewal.</span> A person exercising the privileges of a special purpose pilot authorization may apply for a 60-calendar-month extension of that authorization, provided the person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Continues to meet the requirements of this section; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Surrenders the expired special purpose pilot authorization upon receipt of the new authorization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Surrender.</span> The holder of a special purpose pilot authorization must surrender the authorization to the Administrator within 7 days after the date the authorization terminates.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 40901, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-123, 74 FR 34234, July 15, 2009; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42557, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-134, 80 FR 33401, June 12, 2015]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">440</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart C—Student Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.81"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.81</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="P">This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of student pilot certificates, the conditions under which those certificates are necessary, and the general operating rules and limitations for the holders of those certificates.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.83"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.83</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements for student pilots.</span> | |
| <span class="P">To be eligible for a student pilot certificate, an applicant must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Be at least 16 years of age for other than the operation of a glider or balloon.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Be at least 14 years of age for the operation of a glider or balloon.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.85"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.85</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Application.</span> | |
| <span class="P">An application for a student pilot certificate is made on a form and in a manner provided by the Administrator and is submitted to:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A designated aviation medical examiner if applying for an FAA medical certificate under part 67 of this chapter;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) An examiner; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A Flight Standards District Office.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.87"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.87</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Solo requirements for student pilots.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo flight unless that student has met the requirements of this section. The term “solo flight” as used in this subpart means that flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft or that flight time during which the student performs the duties of a pilot in command of a gas balloon or an airship requiring more than one pilot flight crewmember.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> A student pilot must demonstrate satisfactory aeronautical knowledge on a knowledge test that meets the requirements of this paragraph:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The test must address the student pilot's knowledge of—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Applicable sections of parts 61 and 91 of this chapter;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Airspace rules and procedures for the airport where the solo flight will be performed; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Flight characteristics and operational limitations for the make and model of aircraft to be flown.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The student's authorized instructor must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Administer the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) At the conclusion of the test, review all incorrect answers with the student before authorizing that student to conduct a solo flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Pre-solo flight training.</span> Prior to conducting a solo flight, a student pilot must have:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Received and logged flight training for the maneuvers and procedures of this section that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft to be flown; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, as judged by an authorized instructor, on the maneuvers and procedures required by this section in the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft to be flown.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a single-engine airplane.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for a single-engine airplane rating or privileges must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, powerplant operation, and aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Taxiing or surface operations, including runups;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Climbs and climbing turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">441</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Descents, with and without turns, using high and low drag configurations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Flight at various airspeeds from cruise to slow flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Stall entries from various flight attitudes and power combinations with recovery initiated at the first indication of a stall, and recovery from a full stall;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Approaches to a landing area with simulated engine malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) Slips to a landing; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(15) Go-arounds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a multiengine airplane.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for a multiengine airplane rating must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, powerplant operation, and aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Taxiing or surface operations, including runups;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Climbs and climbing turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Descents, with and without turns, using high and low drag configurations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Flight at various airspeeds from cruise to slow flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Stall entries from various flight attitudes and power combinations with recovery initiated at the first indication of a stall, and recovery from a full stall;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Approaches to a landing area with simulated engine malfunctions; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) Go-arounds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a helicopter.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for a helicopter rating must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, powerplant operation, and aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Taxiing or surface operations, including runups;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Climbs and climbing turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Descents with and without turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Flight at various airspeeds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Approaches to the landing area;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Hovering and hovering turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) Go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(15) Simulated emergency procedures, including autorotational descents with a power recovery and power recovery to a hover;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(16) Rapid decelerations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(17) Simulated one-engine-inoperative approaches and landings for multiengine helicopters.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a gyroplane.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for a gyroplane rating or privileges must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, powerplant operation, and aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Taxiing or surface operations, including runups;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Climbs and climbing turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Descents with and without turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Flight at various airspeeds; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">442</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Approaches to the landing area;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) High rates of descent with power on and with simulated power off, and recovery from those flight configurations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) Go-arounds; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(15) Simulated emergency procedures, including simulated power-off landings and simulated power failure during departures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a powered-lift.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for a powered-lift rating must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, powerplant operation, and aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Taxiing or surface operations, including runups;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Climbs and climbing turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Descents with and without turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Flight at various airspeeds from cruise to slow flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Stall entries from various flight attitudes and power combinations with recovery initiated at the first indication of a stall, and recovery from a full stall;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Approaches to a landing with simulated engine malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) Go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(15) Approaches to the landing area;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(16) Hovering and hovering turns; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(17) For multiengine powered-lifts, simulated one-engine-inoperative approaches and landings.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a glider.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for a glider rating or privileges must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning, preparation, aircraft systems, and, if appropriate, powerplant operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Taxiing or surface operations, including runups, if applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Launches, including normal and crosswind;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions, if applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Airport traffic patterns, including entry procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Descents with and without turns using high and low drag configurations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Flight at various airspeeds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Ground reference maneuvers, if applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Inspection of towline rigging and review of signals and release procedures, if applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Aerotow, ground tow, or self-launch procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Procedures for disassembly and assembly of the glider;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) Stall entry, stall, and stall recovery;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(15) Straight glides, turns, and spirals;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(16) Landings, including normal and crosswind;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(17) Slips to a landing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(18) Procedures and techniques for thermalling; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(19) Emergency operations, including towline break procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in an airship.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for an airship rating or privileges must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, powerplant operation, and aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Taxiing or surface operations, including runups;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Climbs and climbing turns; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">443</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Descents with and without turns;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Flight at various airspeeds from cruise to slow flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Rigging, ballasting, and controlling pressure in the ballonets, and superheating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Landings with positive and with negative static trim.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a balloon.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training in a balloon must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Layout and assembly procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, and aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Ascents and descents;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Landing and recovery procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Operation of hot air or gas source, ballast, valves, vents, and rip panels, as appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Use of deflation valves or rip panels for simulating an emergency;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) The effects of wind on climb and approach angles; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Obstruction detection and avoidance techniques.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(l) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a powered parachute.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for a powered parachute rating or privileges must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, preflight assembly and rigging, aircraft systems, and powerplant operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Taxiing or surface operations, including run-ups.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Climbs, and climbing turns in both directions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Descents, and descending turns in both directions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Ground reference maneuvers.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Straight glides, and gliding turns in both directions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Go-arounds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Approaches to landing areas with a simulated engine malfunction.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) Procedures for canopy packing and aircraft disassembly.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(m) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for pre-solo flight training in a weight-shift-control aircraft.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for a weight-shift-control aircraft rating or privileges must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including preflight planning and preparation, preflight assembly and rigging, aircraft systems, and powerplant operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Taxiing or surface operations, including run-ups.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Takeoffs and landings, including normal and crosswind.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Straight and level flight, and turns in both directions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Climbs, and climbing turns in both directions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Airport traffic patterns, including entry and departure procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Collision avoidance, windshear avoidance, and wake turbulence avoidance.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Descents, and descending turns in both directions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Flight at various airspeeds from maximum cruise to slow flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Ground reference maneuvers.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Stall entry, stall, and stall recovery.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Straight glides, and gliding turns in both directions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) Go-arounds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(15) Approaches to landing areas with a simulated engine malfunction.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(16) Procedures for disassembly.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(n) <span class="E-03">Limitations on student pilots operating an aircraft in solo flight.</span> A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo flight unless that student pilot has received:</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">444</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(1) An endorsement from an authorized instructor on his or her student pilot certificate for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An endorsement in the student's logbook for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown by an authorized instructor, who gave the training within the 90 days preceding the date of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(o) <span class="E-03">Limitations on student pilots operating an aircraft in solo flight at night.</span> A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo flight at night unless that student pilot has received:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Flight training at night on night flying procedures that includes takeoffs, approaches, landings, and go-arounds at night at the airport where the solo flight will be conducted;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Navigation training at night in the vicinity of the airport where the solo flight will be conducted; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) An endorsement in the student's logbook for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown for night solo flight by an authorized instructor who gave the training within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(p) <span class="E-03">Limitations on flight instructors authorizing solo flight.</span> No instructor may authorize a student pilot to perform a solo flight unless that instructor has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Given that student pilot training in the make and model of aircraft or a similar make and model of aircraft in which the solo flight is to be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Determined the student pilot is proficient in the maneuvers and procedures prescribed in this section;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Determined the student pilot is proficient in the make and model of aircraft to be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Ensured that the student pilot's certificate has been endorsed by an instructor authorized to provide flight training for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Endorsed the student pilot's logbook for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown, and that endorsement remains current for solo flight privileges, provided an authorized instructor updates the student's logbook every 90 days thereafter.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20287, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44866, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42557, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.89"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.89</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">General limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A student pilot may not act as pilot in command of an aircraft:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) That is carrying a passenger;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) That is carrying property for compensation or hire;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) For compensation or hire;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) In furtherance of a business;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) On an international flight, except that a student pilot may make solo training flights from Haines, Gustavus, or Juneau, Alaska, to White Horse, Yukon, Canada, and return over the province of British Columbia;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) With a flight or surface visibility of less than 3 statute miles during daylight hours or 5 statute miles at night;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) When the flight cannot be made with visual reference to the surface; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) In a manner contrary to any limitations placed in the pilot's logbook by an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A student pilot may not act as a required pilot flight crewmember on any aircraft for which more than one pilot is required by the type certificate of the aircraft or regulations under which the flight is conducted, except when receiving flight training from an authorized instructor on board an airship, and no person other than a required flight crewmember is carried on the aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate must comply with the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section and may not act as pilot in command—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Of an aircraft other than a light-sport aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) At night;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) At an altitude of more than 10,000 feet MSL or 2,000 feet AGL, whichever is higher;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) In Class B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or on an airport having an operational control tower without having received the ground and flight training specified in § 61.94 and an endorsement from an authorized instructor;</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">445</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Of a light-sport aircraft without having received the applicable ground training, flight training, and instructor endorsements specified in § 61.327 (a) and (b).</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44867, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.91"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.91</span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.93"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.93</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Solo cross-country flight requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a student pilot must meet the requirements of this section before—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Conducting a solo cross-country flight, or any flight greater than 25 nautical miles from the airport from where the flight originated.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Making a solo flight and landing at any location other than the airport of origination.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a student pilot who seeks solo cross-country flight privileges must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Have received flight training from an instructor authorized to provide flight training on the maneuvers and procedures of this section that are appropriate to the make and model of aircraft for which solo cross-country privileges are sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Have demonstrated cross-country proficiency on the appropriate maneuvers and procedures of this section to an authorized instructor;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Have satisfactorily accomplished the pre-solo flight maneuvers and procedures required by § 61.87 of this part in the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft for which solo cross-country privileges are sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Comply with any limitations included in the authorized instructor's endorsement that are required by paragraph (c) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A student pilot who seeks solo cross-country flight privileges must have received ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the cross-country maneuvers and procedures listed in this section that are appropriate to the aircraft to be flown.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Authorization to perform certain solo flights and cross-country flights.</span> A student pilot must obtain an endorsement from an authorized instructor to make solo flights from the airport where the student pilot normally receives training to another location. A student pilot who receives this endorsement must comply with the requirements of this paragraph.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Solo flights may be made to another airport that is within 25 nautical miles from the airport where the student pilot normally receives training, provided—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An authorized instructor has given the student pilot flight training at the other airport, and that training includes flight in both directions over the route, entering and exiting the traffic pattern, and takeoffs and landings at the other airport;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The authorized instructor who gave the training endorses the student pilot's logbook authorizing the flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) The student pilot has a solo flight endorsement in accordance with § 61.87 of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) The authorized instructor has determined that the student pilot is proficient to make the flight; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) The purpose of the flight is to practice takeoffs and landings at that other airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Repeated specific solo cross-country flights may be made to another airport that is within 50 nautical miles of the airport from which the flight originated, provided—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The authorized instructor has given the student flight training in both directions over the route, including entering and exiting the traffic patterns, takeoffs, and landings at the airports to be used;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The authorized instructor who gave the training has endorsed the student's logbook certifying that the student is proficient to make such flights;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) The student has a solo flight endorsement in accordance with § 61.87 of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) The student has a solo cross country flight endorsement in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section; however, for repeated solo cross country flights to another airport within 50 nautical miles from which the flight originated, separate endorsements are not required to be made for each flight.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">446</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Endorsements for solo cross-country flights.</span> Except as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a student pilot must have the endorsements prescribed in this paragraph for each cross-country flight:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) <span class="E-03">Student pilot certificate endorsement.</span> A student pilot must have a solo cross-country endorsement from the authorized instructor who conducted the training, and that endorsement must be placed on that person's student pilot certificate for the specific category of aircraft to be flown.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) <span class="E-03">Logbook endorsement.</span> (i) A student pilot must have a solo cross-country endorsement from an authorized instructor that is placed in the student pilot's logbook for the specific make and model of aircraft to be flown.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For each cross-country flight, the authorized instructor who reviews the cross-country planning must make an endorsement in the person's logbook after reviewing that person's cross-country planning, as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. The endorsement must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Specify the make and model of aircraft to be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) State that the student's preflight planning and preparation is correct and that the student is prepared to make the flight safely under the known conditions; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) State that any limitations required by the student's authorized instructor are met.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Limitations on authorized instructors to permit solo cross-country flights.</span> An authorized instructor may not permit a student pilot to conduct a solo cross-country flight unless that instructor has:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Determined that the student's cross-country planning is correct for the flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Reviewed the current and forecast weather conditions and has determined that the flight can be completed under VFR;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Determined that the student is proficient to conduct the flight safely;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Determined that the student has the appropriate solo cross-country endorsement for the make and model of aircraft to be flown; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Determined that the student's solo flight endorsement is current for the make and model aircraft to be flown.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a single-engine airplane.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in a single-engine airplane must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Emergency procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Use of radios for VFR navigation and two-way communication, except that a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate must only receive and log flight training on the use of radios installed in the aircraft to be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Takeoff, approach, and landing procedures, including short-field, soft-field, and crosswind takeoffs, approaches, and landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Climbs at best angle and best rate; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Control and maneuvering solely by reference to flight instruments, including straight and level flight, turns, descents, climbs, use of radio aids, and ATC directives. For student pilots seeking a sport pilot certificate, the provisions of this paragraph only apply when receiving training for cross-country flight in an airplane that has a V<span class="E-52">H</span> greater than 87 knots CAS.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">447</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a multiengine airplane.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in a multiengine airplane must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Emergency procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Use of radios for VFR navigation and two-way communications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Takeoff, approach, and landing procedures, including short-field, soft-field, and crosswind takeoffs, approaches, and landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Climbs at best angle and best rate; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Control and maneuvering solely by reference to flight instruments, including straight and level flight, turns, descents, climbs, use of radio aids, and ATC directives.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a helicopter.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in a helicopter must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Emergency procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Use of radios for VFR navigation and two-way communications; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Takeoff, approach, and landing procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a gyroplane.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in a gyroplane must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Emergency procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">448</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Use of radios for VFR navigation and two-way communication, except that a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate must only receive and log flight training on the use of radios installed in the aircraft to be flown; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Takeoff, approach, and landing procedures, including short-field and soft-field takeoffs, approaches, and landings.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a powered-lift.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight training in a powered-lift must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Emergency procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Use of radios for VFR navigation and two-way communications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Takeoff, approach, and landing procedures that include high-altitude, steep, and shallow takeoffs, approaches, and landings; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Control and maneuvering solely by reference to flight instruments, including straight and level flight, turns, descents, climbs, use of radio aids, and ATC directives.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a glider.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in a glider must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Emergency procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Landings accomplished without the use of the altimeter from at least 2,000 feet above the surface; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Recognition of weather and upper air conditions favorable for cross-country soaring, ascending and descending flight, and altitude control.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in an airship.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in an airship must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">449</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Emergency procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Use of radios for VFR navigation and two-way communication, except that a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate must only receive and log flight training on the use of radios installed in the aircraft to be flown;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Control of air pressure with regard to ascending and descending flight and altitude control;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Control of the airship solely by reference to flight instruments, except for a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Recognition of weather and upper air conditions conducive for the direction of cross-country flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(l) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a powered parachute.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in a powered parachute must receive and log flight training in the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass, as appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognizing critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Emergency procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) If equipped for flight with navigation radios, the use of radios for VFR navigation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Recognition of weather and upper air conditions favorable for the cross-country flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Takeoff, approach and landing procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(m) <span class="E-03">Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in a weight-shift-control aircraft.</span> A student pilot who is receiving training for cross-country flight in a weight-shift-control aircraft must receive and log flight training for the following maneuvers and procedures:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass, as appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognizing critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Emergency procedures. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">450</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Traffic pattern procedures that include area departure, area arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and approach.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Procedures and operating practices for collision avoidance, wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Recognition, avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical area where the cross-country flight will be flown.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Procedures for operating the instruments and equipment installed in the aircraft to be flown, including recognition and use of the proper operational procedures and indications.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) If equipped for flight using navigation radios, the use of radios for VFR navigation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Recognition of weather and upper air conditions favorable for the cross-country flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Takeoff, approach and landing procedures, including crosswind approaches and landings.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44867, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42557, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.94"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.94</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate: Operations at airports within, and in airspace located within, Class B, C, and D airspace, or at airports with an operational control tower in other airspace.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate who wants to obtain privileges to operate in Class B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower, must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in the following aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The use of radios, communications, navigation systems and facilities, and radar services.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Operations at airports with an operating control tower, to include three takeoffs and landings to a full stop, with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern, at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Applicable flight rules of part 91 of this chapter for operations in Class B, C, and D airspace and air traffic control clearances.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Ground and flight training for the specific Class B, C, or D airspace for which the solo flight is authorized, if applicable, within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight in that airspace. The flight training must be received in the specific airspace area for which solo flight is authorized.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Ground and flight training for the specific airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace for which the solo flight is authorized, if applicable, within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight at that airport. The flight and ground training must be received at the specific airport for which solo flight is authorized.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The authorized instructor who provides the training specified in paragraph (a) of this section must provide a logbook endorsement that certifies the student has received that training and is proficient to conduct solo flight in that specific airspace or at that specific airport and in those aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation specified in this section.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44867, July 27, 2004]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.95"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.95</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Operations in Class B airspace and at airports located within Class B airspace.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A student pilot may not operate an aircraft on a solo flight in Class B airspace unless:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The student pilot has received both ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on that Class B airspace area, and the flight training was received in the specific Class B airspace area for which solo flight is authorized;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The logbook of that student pilot has been endorsed by the authorized instructor who gave the student pilot flight training, and the endorsement is dated within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight in that Class B airspace area; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The logbook endorsement specifies that the student pilot has received the required ground and flight training, and has been found proficient to conduct solo flight in that specific Class B airspace area.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">451</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A student pilot may not operate an aircraft on a solo flight to, from, or at an airport located within Class B airspace pursuant to § 91.131(b) of this chapter unless:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The student pilot has received both ground and flight training from an instructor authorized to provide training to operate at that airport, and the flight and ground training has been received at the specific airport for which the solo flight is authorized;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The logbook of that student pilot has been endorsed by an authorized instructor who gave the student pilot flight training, and the endorsement is dated within the 90-day period preceding the date of the flight at that airport; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The logbook endorsement specifies that the student pilot has received the required ground and flight training, and has been found proficient to conduct solo flight operations at that specific airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) This section does not apply to a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44868, July 27, 2004]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart D—Recreational Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.96"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.96</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Applicability and eligibility requirements: General.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) This subpart prescribes the requirement for the issuance of recreational pilot certificates and ratings, the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary, and the general operating rules for persons who hold those certificates and ratings.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) To be eligible for a recreational pilot certificate, a person who applies for that certificate must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Be at least 17 years of age;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Conducted the training or reviewed the applicant's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.97(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Certified that the applicant is prepared for the required knowledge test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.97(b) of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Receive flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Conducted the training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.98(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Certified that the applicant is prepared for the required practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.99 of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation listed in § 61.98(b) that apply to the aircraft category and class rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Hold either a student pilot certificate or sport pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.97"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.97</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who applies for a recreational pilot certificate must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or complete a home-study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Aeronautical knowledge areas.</span> (1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to recreational pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">452</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Use of the applicable portions of the “Aeronautical Information Manual” and FAA advisory circulars;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage with the aid of a magnetic compass;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Weight and balance computations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques, if applying for an airplane single-engine rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Preflight action that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) How to obtain information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) How to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot be completed or delays are encountered.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.98"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.98</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who applies for a recreational pilot certificate must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Areas of operation.</span> (1) <span class="E-03">For a single-engine airplane rating:</span> (i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) <span class="E-03">For a helicopter rating:</span> (i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and heliport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Hovering maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) <span class="E-03">For a gyroplane rating:</span> (i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Flight at slow airspeeds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.99"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.99</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience.</span> | |
| <span class="P">A person who applies for a recreational pilot certificate must receive and log at least 30 hours of flight time that includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) 15 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation listed in § 61.98 of this part that consists of at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Except as provided in § 61.100 of this part, 2 hours of flight training en route to an airport that is located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally trains, which includes at least three takeoffs and three landings at the airport located more than 25 nautical miles from the airport where the applicant normally trains; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Three hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in the aircraft for the rating sought in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) 3 hours of solo flying in the aircraft for the rating sought, on the areas of operation listed in § 61.98 of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">453</span></div></div></div> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44868, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124A, 74 FR 53645, Oct. 20, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.100"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.100</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Pilots based on small islands.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) An applicant located on an island from which the flight training required in § 61.99(a)(1) of this part cannot be accomplished without flying over water for more than 10 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline need not comply with the requirements of that section. However, if other airports that permit civil operations are available to which a flight may be made without flying over water for more than 10 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline, the applicant must show completion of a dual flight between two airports, which must include three landings at the other airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) An applicant who complies with paragraph (a) of this section and meets all requirements for the issuance of a recreational pilot certificate, except the requirements of § 61.99(a)(1) of this part, will be issued a pilot certificate with an endorsement containing the following limitation, “Passenger carrying prohibited on flights more than 10 nautical miles from (the appropriate island).” The limitation may be subsequently amended to include another island if the applicant complies with the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section for another island.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Upon meeting the requirements of § 61.99(a)(1) of this part, the applicant may have the limitation(s) in paragraph (b) of this section removed.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.101"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.101</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Recreational pilot privileges and limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person who holds a recreational pilot certificate may:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Carry no more than one passenger; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with a passenger, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenses, or aircraft rental fees.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A person who holds a recreational pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft on a flight within 50 nautical miles from the departure airport, provided that person has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Received ground and flight training for takeoff, departure, arrival, and landing procedures at the departure airport;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Received ground and flight training for the area, terrain, and aids to navigation that are in the vicinity of the departure airport;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Been found proficient to operate the aircraft at the departure airport and the area within 50 nautical miles from that airport; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Received from an authorized instructor a logbook endorsement, which is carried in the person's possession in the aircraft, that permits flight within 50 nautical miles from the departure airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A person who holds a recreational pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft on a flight that exceeds 50 nautical miles from the departure airport, provided that person has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Received ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the cross-country training requirements of subpart E of this part that apply to the aircraft rating held;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Been found proficient in cross-country flying; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Received from an authorized instructor a logbook endorsement, which is carried on the person's possession in the aircraft, that certifies the person has received and been found proficient in the cross-country training requirements of subpart E of this part that apply to the aircraft rating held.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) A person who holds a recreational pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft in Class B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower, provided that person has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the following aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation, as appropriate to the aircraft rating held:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The use of radios, communications, navigation system and facilities, and radar services. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">454</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Operations at airports with an operating control tower to include three takeoffs and landings to a full stop, with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Applicable flight rules of part 91 of this chapter for operations in Class B, C, and D airspace and air traffic control clearances;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Been found proficient in those aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Received from an authorized instructor a logbook endorsement, which is carried on the person's possession or readily accessible in the aircraft, that certifies the person has received and been found proficient in those aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation specified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Except as provided in paragraphs (d) and (i) of this section, a recreational pilot may not act as pilot in command of an aircraft—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) That is certificated—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) For more than four occupants;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) With more than one powerplant;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) With a powerplant of more than 180 horsepower, except aircraft certificated in the rotorcraft category; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) With retractable landing gear;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) That is classified as a multiengine airplane, powered-lift, glider, airship, balloon, powered parachute, or weight-shift-control aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) That is carrying a passenger or property for compensation or hire;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) For compensation or hire;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) In furtherance of a business;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Between sunset and sunrise;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) In Class A, B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) At an altitude of more than 10,000 feet MSL or 2,000 feet AGL, whichever is higher;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) When the flight or surface visibility is less than 3 statute miles;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Without visual reference to the surface;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) On a flight outside the United States, unless authorized by the country in which the flight is conducted;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) To demonstrate that aircraft in flight as an aircraft salesperson to a prospective buyer;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) That is used in a passenger-carrying airlift and sponsored by a charitable organization; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) That is towing any object.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) A recreational pilot may not act as a pilot flight crewmember on any aircraft for which more than one pilot is required by the type certificate of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is conducted, except when:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Receiving flight training from a person authorized to provide flight training on board an airship; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) No person other than a required flight crewmember is carried on the aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) A person who holds a recreational pilot certificate, has logged fewer than 400 flight hours, and has not logged pilot-in-command time in an aircraft within the 180 days preceding the flight shall not act as pilot in command of an aircraft until the pilot receives flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor, and the instructor certifies that the person is proficient to act as pilot in command of the aircraft. This requirement can be met in combination with the requirements of §§ 61.56 and 61.57 of this part, at the discretion of the authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) A recreational pilot certificate issued under this subpart carries the notation, “Holder does not meet ICAO requirements.”</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) For the purpose of obtaining additional certificates or ratings while under the supervision of an authorized instructor, a recreational pilot may fly as the sole occupant of an aircraft:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) For which the pilot does not hold an appropriate category or class rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Within airspace that requires communication with air traffic control; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Between sunset and sunrise, provided the flight or surface visibility is at least 5 statute miles.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) In order to fly solo as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, the recreational pilot must meet the appropriate aeronautical knowledge and flight training requirements of § 61.87 for that aircraft. When operating an aircraft under the conditions specified in paragraph (i) of this section, the recreational pilot shall carry the logbook that has been endorsed for each flight by an authorized instructor who:</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">455</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Has given the recreational pilot training in the make and model of aircraft in which the solo flight is to be made;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Has found that the recreational pilot has met the applicable requirements of § 61.87; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Has found that the recreational pilot is competent to make solo flights in accordance with the logbook endorsement.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44868, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart E—Private Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.102"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.102</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="P">This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of private pilot certificates and ratings, the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary, and the general operating rules for persons who hold those certificates and ratings.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.103"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.103</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements: General.</span> | |
| <span class="P">To be eligible for a private pilot certificate, a person must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Be at least 17 years of age for a rating in other than a glider or balloon.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Be at least 16 years of age for a rating in a glider or balloon.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Conducted the training or reviewed the person's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.105(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.105(b) of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) Receive flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Conducted the training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought before applying for the practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) Pass a practical test on the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Comply with the appropriate sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) Hold a U.S. student pilot certificate, sport pilot certificate, or recreational pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.105"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.105</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who is applying for a private pilot certificate must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or complete a home-study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Aeronautical knowledge areas.</span> (1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to private pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Use of the applicable portions of the “Aeronautical Information Manual” and FAA advisory circulars;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage, dead reckoning, and navigation systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Radio communication procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts;</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">456</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Weight and balance computations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques for the airplane and glider category ratings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Aeronautical decision making and judgment; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Preflight action that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) How to obtain information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) How to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot be completed or delays are encountered.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.107"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.107</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who applies for a private pilot certificate must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Areas of operation.</span> (1) For an airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and seaplane base operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Basic instrument maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Night operations, except as provided in § 61.110 of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For an airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and seaplane base operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Basic instrument maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Multiengine operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Night operations, except as provided in § 61.110 of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiii) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) For a rotorcraft category rating with a helicopter class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and heliport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Hovering maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Night operations, except as provided in § 61.110 of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) For a rotorcraft category rating with a gyroplane class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Flight at slow airspeeds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Night operations, except as provided in § 61.110 of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) For a powered-lift category rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and heliport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Hovering maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Basic instrument maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Night operations, except as provided in § 61.110 of this part; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">457</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(xiii) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) For a glider category rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and gliderport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Launches and landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance speeds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Soaring techniques;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) For a lighter-than-air category rating with an airship class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) For a lighter-than-air category rating with a balloon class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Launches and landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) For a powered parachute category rating—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and seaplane base operations, as applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Night operations, except as provided in § 61.110;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Post-flight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) For a weight-shift-control aircraft category rating—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and seaplane base operations, as applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Night operations, except as provided in § 61.110;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Post-flight procedures.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44868, July 27, 2004]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.109"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.109</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">For an airplane single-engine rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, a person who applies for a private pilot certificate with an airplane category and single-engine class rating must log at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(1) of this part, and the training must include at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a single-engine airplane;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of this part, 3 hours of night flight training in a single-engine airplane that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight of over 100 nautical miles total distance; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 3 hours of flight training in a single-engine airplane on the control and maneuvering of an airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a single-engine airplane in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) 10 hours of solo flight time in a single-engine airplane, consisting of at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 5 hours of solo cross-country time; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">458</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One solo cross country flight of 150 nautical miles total distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">For an airplane multiengine rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, a person who applies for a private pilot certificate with an airplane category and multiengine class rating must log at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(2) of this part, and the training must include at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a multiengine airplane;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of this part, 3 hours of night flight training in a multiengine airplane that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight of over 100 nautical miles total distance; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 3 hours of flight training in a multiengine airplane on the control and maneuvering of an airplane solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a multiengine airplane in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) 10 hours of solo flight time in an airplane consisting of at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 5 hours of solo cross-country time;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One solo cross country flight of 150 nautical miles total distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">For a helicopter rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, a person who applies for a private pilot certificate with rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating must log at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(3) of this part, and the training must include at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a helicopter;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of this part, 3 hours of night flight training in a helicopter that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight of over 50 nautical miles total distance; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a helicopter in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a helicopter, consisting of at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 3 hours cross-country time;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One solo cross country flight of 100 nautical miles total distance, with landings at three points, and one segment of the flight being a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">For a gyroplane rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, a person who applies for a private pilot certificate with rotorcraft category and gyroplane class rating must log at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(4) of this part, and the training must include at least—</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">459</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a gyroplane;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of this part, 3 hours of night flight training in a gyroplane that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight of over 50 nautical miles total distance; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a gyroplane in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a gyroplane, consisting of at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 3 hours of cross-country time;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One solo cross country flight of 100 nautical miles total distance, with landings at three points, and one segment of the flight being a straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">For a powered-lift rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, a person who applies for a private pilot certificate with a powered-lift category rating must log at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(5) of this part, and the training must include at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in a powered-lift;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in § 61.110 of this part, 3 hours of night flight training in a powered-lift that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight of over 100 nautical miles total distance; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 3 hours of flight training in a powered-lift on the control and maneuvering of a powered-lift solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 3 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a powered-lift in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) 10 hours of solo flight time in an airplane or powered-lift consisting of at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 5 hours cross-country time;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One solo cross country flight of 150 nautical miles total distance, with full-stop landings at three points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">For a glider category rating.</span> (1) If the applicant for a private pilot certificate with a glider category rating has not logged at least 40 hours of flight time as a pilot in a heavier-than-air aircraft, the applicant must log at least 10 hours of flight time in a glider in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(6) of this part, and that flight time must include at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 20 flights in a glider in the areas of operations listed in § 61.107(b)(6) of this part, including at least 3 training flights with an authorized instructor in a glider in preparation for the practical test that must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 2 hours of solo flight time in a glider in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(6) of this part, with not less than 10 launches and landings being performed.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">460</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) If the applicant has logged at least 40 hours of flight time in a heavier-than-air aircraft, the applicant must log at least 3 hours of flight time in a glider in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(6) of this part, and that flight time must include at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 10 solo flights in a glider in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(6) of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 3 training flights with an authorized instructor in a glider in preparation for the practical test that must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">For an airship rating.</span> A person who applies for a private pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air category and airship class rating must log at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 25 hours of flight training in airships on the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(7) of this part, which consists of at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 3 hours of cross-country flight training in an airship;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Except as provided in § 61.110 of this part, 3 hours of night flight training in an airship that includes:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) A cross-country flight of over 25 nautical miles total distance; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Five takeoffs and five landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 3 hours of flight training in an airship on the control and maneuvering of an airship solely by reference to instruments, including straight and level flight, constant airspeed climbs and descents, turns to a heading, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, radio communications, and the use of navigation systems/facilities and radar services appropriate to instrument flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Three hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in an airship in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 5 hours performing the duties of pilot in command in an airship with an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">For a balloon rating.</span> A person who applies for a private pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air category and balloon class rating must log at least 10 hours of flight training that includes at least six training flights with an authorized instructor in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(8) of this part, that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) <span class="E-03">Gas balloon.</span> If the training is being performed in a gas balloon, at least two flights of 2 hours each that consists of—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) At least one training flight with an authorized instructor in a gas balloon in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) At least one flight performing the duties of pilot in command in a gas balloon with an authorized instructor; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) At least one flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet above the launch site.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) <span class="E-03">Balloon with an airborne heater.</span> If the training is being performed in a balloon with an airborne heater, at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) At least two training flights of 1 hour each with an authorized instructor in a balloon with an airborne heater in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One solo flight in a balloon with an airborne heater; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) At least one flight involving a controlled ascent to 2,000 feet above the launch site.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">For a powered parachute rating.</span> A person who applies for a private pilot certificate with a powered parachute category rating must log at least 25 hours of flight time in a powered parachute that includes at least 10 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor, including 30 takeoffs and landings, and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107 (b)(9) and the training must include at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) One hour of cross-country flight training in a powered parachute that includes a 1-hour cross-country flight with a landing at an airport at least 25 nautical miles from the airport of departure; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">461</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in § 61.110, 3 hours of night flight training in a powered parachute that includes 10 takeoffs and landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Three hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a powered parachute in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Three hours of solo flight time in a powered parachute, consisting of at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One solo cross-country flight with a landing at an airport at least 25 nautical miles from the departure airport; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Twenty solo takeoffs and landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in a traffic pattern) at an airport; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Three takeoffs and landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) in an aircraft at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) <span class="E-03">For a weight-shift-control aircraft rating.</span> A person who applies for a private pilot certificate with a weight-shift-control rating must log at least 40 hours of flight time that includes at least 20 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor and 10 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.107(b)(10) and the training must include at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Three hours of cross-country flight training in a weight-shift-control aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in § 61.110, 3 hours of night flight training in a weight-shift-control aircraft that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight of over 75 nautical miles total distance that includes a point of landing that is a straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Ten takeoffs and landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Three hours of flight training with an authorized instructor in a weight-shift-control aircraft in preparation for the practical test, which must have been performed within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a weight-shift-control aircraft, consisting of at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Five hours of solo cross-country time; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One solo cross-country flight over 100 nautical miles total distance, with landings at a minimum of three points, and one segment of the flight being a straight line distance of at least 50 nautical miles between takeoff and landing locations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Three takeoffs and landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) in an aircraft at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) <span class="E-03">Permitted credit for use of a flight simulator or flight training device.</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (k)(2) of this section, a maximum of 2.5 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training device representing the category, class, and type, if applicable, of aircraft appropriate to the rating sought, may be credited toward the flight training time required by this section, if received from an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A maximum of 5 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training device representing the category, class, and type, if applicable, of aircraft appropriate to the rating sought, may be credited toward the flight training time required by this section if the training is accomplished in a course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Except when fewer hours are approved by the Administrator, an applicant for a private pilot certificate with an airplane, rotorcraft, or powered-lift rating, who has satisfactorily completed an approved private pilot course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter, need only have a total of 35 hours of aeronautical experience to meet the requirements of this section.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 40902, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20287, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44868, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-124A, 74 FR 53645, Oct. 20, 2009; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">462</span></div></div></div> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.110"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.110</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Night flying exceptions.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Subject to the limitations of paragraph (b) of this section, a person is not required to comply with the night flight training requirements of this subpart if the person receives flight training in and resides in the State of Alaska.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A person who receives flight training in and resides in the State of Alaska but does not meet the night flight training requirements of this section:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) May be issued a pilot certificate with a limitation “Night flying prohibited”; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Must comply with the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart within the 12-calendar-month period after the issuance of the pilot certificate. At the end of that period, the certificate will become invalid for use until the person complies with the appropriate night training requirements of this subpart. The person may have the “Night flying prohibited” limitation removed if the person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Accomplishes the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Presents to an examiner a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor that verifies accomplishment of the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A person who does not meet the night flying requirements in § 61.109(d)(2), (i)(2), or (j)(2) may be issued a private pilot certificate with the limitation “Night flying prohibited.” This limitation may be removed by an examiner if the holder complies with the requirements of § 61.109(d)(2), (i)(2), or (j)(2), as appropriate.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40904, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.111"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.111</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Cross-country flights: Pilots based on small islands.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an applicant located on an island from which the cross-country flight training required in § 61.109 of this part cannot be accomplished without flying over water for more than 10 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline need not comply with the requirements of that section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) If other airports that permit civil operations are available to which a flight may be made without flying over water for more than 10 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline, the applicant must show completion of two round-trip solo flights between those two airports that are farthest apart, including a landing at each airport on both flights.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) An applicant who complies with paragraph (a) or paragraph (b) of this section, and meets all requirements for the issuance of a private pilot certificate, except the cross-country training requirements of § 61.109 of this part, will be issued a pilot certificate with an endorsement containing the following limitation, “Passenger carrying prohibited on flights more than 10 nautical miles from (the appropriate island).” The limitation may be subsequently amended to include another island if the applicant complies with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section for another island.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Upon meeting the cross-country training requirements of § 61.109 of this part, the applicant may have the limitation in paragraph (c) of this section removed.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40904, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.113"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.113</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in command.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (h) of this section, no person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of an aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment if:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">463</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A private pilot may not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) A private pilot may act as pilot in command of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event flight described in § 91.146, if the sponsor and pilot comply with the requirements of § 91.146.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) A private pilot may be reimbursed for aircraft operating expenses that are directly related to search and location operations, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees, and the operation is sanctioned and under the direction and control of:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A local, State, or Federal agency; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An organization that conducts search and location operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) A private pilot who is an aircraft salesman and who has at least 200 hours of logged flight time may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) A private pilot who meets the requirements of § 61.69 may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) A private pilot may act as pilot in command for the purpose of conducting a production flight test in a light-sport aircraft intended for certification in the light-sport category under § 21.190 of this chapter, provided that—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The aircraft is a powered parachute or a weight-shift-control aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The person has at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in the category and class of aircraft flown; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The person is familiar with the processes and procedures applicable to the conduct of production flight testing, to include operations conducted under a special flight permit and any associated operating limitations.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-115, 72 FR 6910, Feb. 13, 2007; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5220, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.115"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.115</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Balloon rating: Limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) If a person who applies for a private pilot certificate with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a balloon with an airborne heater:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The pilot certificate will contain a limitation restricting the exercise of the privileges of that certificate to a balloon with an airborne heater; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The limitation may be removed when the person obtains the required aeronautical experience in a gas balloon and receives a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who attests to the person's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a gas balloon.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) If a person who applies for a private pilot certificate with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a gas balloon:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The pilot certificate will contain a limitation restricting the exercise of the privilege of that certificate to a gas balloon; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The limitation may be removed when the person obtains the required aeronautical experience in a balloon with an airborne heater and receives a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who attests to the person's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a balloon with an airborne heater.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.117"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.117</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Private pilot privileges and limitations: Second in command of aircraft requiring more than one pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">Except as provided in § 61.113 of this part, no private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as second in command of an aircraft that is type certificated for more than one pilot, nor may that pilot act as second in command of such an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40904, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.118-61.120"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§§ 61.118-61.120</span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart F—Commercial Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.121"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.121</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="P">This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of commercial pilot certificates and ratings, the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary, and the general operating rules for persons who hold those certificates and ratings.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">464</span></div></div></div> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.123"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.123</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements: General.</span> | |
| <span class="P">To be eligible for a commercial pilot certificate, a person must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Be at least 18 years of age;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Conducted the required ground training or reviewed the person's home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.125 of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test that applies to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.125 of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Receive the required training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Conducted the training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) Hold at least a private pilot certificate issued under this part or meet the requirements of § 61.73; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Comply with the sections of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.125"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.125</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor, or complete a home-study course, on the aeronautical knowledge areas of paragraph (b) of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Aeronautical knowledge areas.</span> (1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to commercial pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Basic aerodynamics and the principles of flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Meteorology to include recognition of critical weather situations, windshear recognition and avoidance, and the use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Weight and balance computations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Use of performance charts;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Significance and effects of exceeding aircraft performance limitations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Use of aeronautical charts and a magnetic compass for pilotage and dead reckoning;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Use of air navigation facilities;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Aeronautical decision making and judgment;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Principles and functions of aircraft systems;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Maneuvers, procedures, and emergency operations appropriate to the aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) Night and high-altitude operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(15) Procedures for operating within the National Airspace System; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(16) Procedures for flight and ground training for lighter-than-air ratings.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.127"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.127</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation of this section that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Areas of operation.</span> (1) For an airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating: | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">465</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and seaplane base operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) High-altitude operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For an airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and seaplane base operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Multiengine operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) High-altitude operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) For a rotorcraft category rating with a helicopter class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and heliport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Hovering maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Special operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) For a rotorcraft category rating with a gyroplane class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Flight at slow airspeeds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) For a powered-lift category rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and heliport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Hovering maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) High-altitude operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Special operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) For a glider category rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Airport and gliderport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Launches and landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Performance speeds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Soaring techniques;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) For a lighter-than-air category rating with an airship class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Fundamentals of instructing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Technical subjects;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Airport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) For a lighter-than-air category rating with a balloon class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Fundamentals of instructing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Technical subjects;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Airport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Launches and landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Navigation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.129"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.129</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">For an airplane single-engine rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category and single-engine class rating must log at least 250 hours of flight time as a pilot that consists of at least:</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">466</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in airplanes.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 100 hours of pilot-in-command flight time, which includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 50 hours in airplanes; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 50 hours in cross-country flight of which at least 10 hours must be in airplanes.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(1) of this part that includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Ten hours of instrument training using a view-limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. Five hours of the 10 hours required on instrument training must be in a single engine airplane;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 10 hours of training in an airplane that has a retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or is turbine-powered, or for an applicant seeking a single-engine seaplane rating, 10 hours of training in a seaplane that has flaps and a controllable pitch propeller;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) One 2-hour cross country flight in a single engine airplane in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) One 2-hour cross country flight in a single engine airplane in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Three hours in a single-engine airplane with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a single engine airplane or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a single engine airplane with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (a)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed under § 61.127(b)(1) that include—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight of not less than 300 nautical miles total distance, with landings at a minimum of three points, one of which is a straight-line distance of at least 250 nautical miles from the original departure point. However, if this requirement is being met in Hawaii, the longest segment need only have a straight-line distance of at least 150 nautical miles; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">For an airplane multiengine rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category and multiengine class rating must log at least 250 hours of flight time as a pilot that consists of at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in airplanes.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 100 hours of pilot-in-command flight time, which includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 50 hours in airplanes; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 50 hours in cross-country flight of which at least 10 hours must be in airplanes.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(2) of this part that includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Ten hours of instrument training using a view-limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. Five hours of the 10 hours required on instrument training must be in a multiengine airplane;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 10 hours of training in a multiengine airplane that has a retractable landing gear, flaps, and controllable pitch propellers, or is turbine-powered, or for an applicant seeking a multiengine seaplane rating, 10 hours of training in a multiengine seaplane that has flaps and a controllable pitch propeller;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) One 2-hour cross country flight in a multiengine airplane in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">467</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) One 2-hour cross country flight in a multiengine airplane in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Three hours in a multiengine airplane with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 10 hours of solo flight time in a multiengine airplane or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a multiengine airplane with an authorized instructor (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement in paragraph (b)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(2) of this part that includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight of not less than 300 nautical miles total distance with landings at a minimum of three points, one of which is a straight-line distance of at least 250 nautical miles from the original departure point. However, if this requirement is being met in Hawaii, the longest segment need only have a straight-line distance of at least 150 nautical miles; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight with a traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">For a helicopter rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating must log at least 150 hours of flight time as a pilot that consists of at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in helicopters.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 100 hours of pilot-in-command flight time, which includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 35 hours in helicopters; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 10 hours in cross-country flight in helicopters.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(3) of this part that includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Five hours on the control and maneuvering of a helicopter solely by reference to instruments using a view-limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or an aviation training device;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One 2-hour cross country flight in a helicopter in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) One 2-hour cross country flight in a helicopter in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Three hours in a helicopter with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a helicopter or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a helicopter with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (c)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed under § 61.127(b)(3) that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">For a gyroplane rating.</span> A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a rotorcraft category and gyroplane class rating must log at least 150 hours of flight time as a pilot (of which 5 hours may have been accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a gyroplane) that consists of at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 25 hours must be in gyroplanes.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 100 hours of pilot-in-command flight time, which includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 10 hours in gyroplanes; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">468</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 3 hours in cross-country flight in gyroplanes.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(4) of this part that includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 2.5 hours on the control and maneuvering of a gyroplane solely by reference to instruments using a view-limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. This aeronautical experience may be performed in an aircraft, flight simulator, flight training device, or an aviation training device;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One 2-hour cross country flight in a gyroplane in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Two hours of flight training during nighttime conditions in a gyroplane at an airport, that includes 10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern); and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Three hours in a gyroplane with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a gyroplane or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a gyroplane with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (d)(2) of this section), on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(4) that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">For a powered-lift rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (i) of this section, a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a powered-lift category rating must log at least 250 hours of flight time as a pilot that consists of at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in a powered-lift.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 100 hours of pilot-in-command flight time, which includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 50 hours in a powered-lift; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 50 hours in cross-country flight of which 10 hours must be in a powered-lift.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5) of this part that includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Ten hours of instrument training using a view-limiting device including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. Five hours of the 10 hours required on instrument training must be in a powered-lift;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One 2-hour cross country flight in a powered-lift in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) One 2-hour cross country flight in a powered-lift in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) 3 hours in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Ten hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of pilot in command in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited towards the flight time requirement under paragraph (e)(2) of this section, on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5) that includes—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight of not less than 300 nautical miles total distance with landings at a minimum of three points, one of which is a straight-line distance of at least 250 nautical miles from the original departure point. However, if this requirement is being met in Hawaii the longest segment need only have a straight-line distance of at least 150 nautical miles; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">469</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">For a glider rating.</span> A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a glider category rating must log at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 25 hours of flight time as a pilot in a glider and that flight time must include at least 100 flights in a glider as pilot in command, including at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Three hours of flight training in a glider with an authorized instructor or 10 training flights in a glider with an authorized instructor on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(6) of this part, including at least 3 training flights in a glider with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 2 hours of solo flight that include not less than 10 solo flights in a glider on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(6) of this part; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 200 hours of flight time as a pilot in heavier-than-air aircraft and at least 20 flights in a glider as pilot in command, including at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Three hours of flight training in a glider or 10 training flights in a glider with an authorized instructor on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(6) of this part including at least 3 training flights in a glider with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 5 solo flights in a glider on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(6) of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">For an airship rating.</span> A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air category and airship class rating must log at least 200 hours of flight time as a pilot, which includes at least the following hours:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 50 hours in airships.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Thirty hours of pilot in command flight time in airships or performing the duties of pilot in command in an airship with an authorized instructor aboard, which consists of—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 10 hours of cross-country flight time in airships; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 10 hours of night flight time in airships.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Forty hours of instrument time to include—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Instrument training using a view-limiting device for attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Twenty hours of instrument flight time, of which 10 hours must be in flight in airships.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 20 hours of flight training in airships on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(7) of this part, which includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Three hours in an airship with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) One hour cross country flight in an airship in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) One hour cross country flight in an airship in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 25 nautical miles from the point of departure.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) 10 hours of flight training performing the duties of pilot in command with an authorized instructor on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(7) of this part, which includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 25 nautical miles from the original point of departure; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">For a balloon rating.</span> A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air category and a balloon class rating must log at least 35 hours of flight time as a pilot, which includes at least the following requirements:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 20 hours in balloons;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 10 flights in balloons; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">470</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Two flights in balloons as the pilot in command; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 10 hours of flight training that includes at least 10 training flights with an authorized instructor in balloons on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(8) of this part, which consists of at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) For a gas balloon—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Two training flights of 2 hours each in a gas balloon with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) 2 flights performing the duties of pilot in command in a gas balloon with an authorized instructor on the appropriate areas of operation; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 5,000 feet above the launch site.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For a balloon with an airborne heater—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Two training flights of 1 hour each in a balloon with an airborne heater with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Two solo flights in a balloon with an airborne heater on the appropriate areas of operation; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) One flight involving a controlled ascent to 3,000 feet above the launch site.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Permitted credit for use of a flight simulator or flight training device.</span> (1) Except as provided in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, an applicant who has not accomplished the training required by this section in a course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter may:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Credit a maximum of 50 hours toward the total aeronautical experience requirements for an airplane or powered-lift rating, provided the aeronautical experience was obtained from an authorized instructor in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents that class of airplane or powered-lift category and type, if applicable, appropriate to the rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Credit a maximum of 25 hours toward the total aeronautical experience requirements of this section for a helicopter rating, provided the aeronautical experience was obtained from an authorized instructor in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a helicopter and type, if applicable, appropriate to the rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An applicant who has accomplished the training required by this section in a course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter may:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Credit a maximum of 100 hours toward the total aeronautical experience requirements of this section for an airplane and powered-lift rating, provided the aeronautical experience was obtained from an authorized instructor in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents that class of airplane or powered-lift category and type, if applicable, appropriate to the rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Credit a maximum of 50 hours toward the total aeronautical experience requirements of this section for a helicopter rating, provided the aeronautical experience was obtained from an authorized instructor in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a helicopter and type, if applicable, appropriate to the rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Except when fewer hours are approved by the FAA, an applicant for the commercial pilot certificate with the airplane or powered-lift rating who has completed 190 hours of aeronautical experience is considered to have met the total aeronautical experience requirements of this section, provided the applicant satisfactorily completed an approved commercial pilot course under part 142 of this chapter and the approved course was appropriate to the commercial pilot certificate and aircraft rating sought.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-101, 62 FR 16892, Apr. 8, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40904, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20288, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42558, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-124A, 74 FR 53645, Oct. 20, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.131"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.131</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Exceptions to the night flying requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Subject to the limitations of paragraph (b) of this section, a person is not required to comply with the night flight training requirements of this subpart if the person receives flight training in and resides in the State of Alaska.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">471</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A person who receives flight training in and resides in the State of Alaska but does not meet the night flight training requirements of this section:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) May be issued a pilot certificate with the limitation “night flying prohibited.”</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Must comply with the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart within the 12-calendar-month period after the issuance of the pilot certificate. At the end of that period, the certificate will become invalid for use until the person complies with the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart. The person may have the “night flying prohibited” limitation removed if the person—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Accomplishes the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Presents to an examiner a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor that verifies accomplishment of the appropriate night flight training requirements of this subpart.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40905, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.133"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.133</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Commercial pilot privileges and limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Privileges</span>—(1) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who holds a commercial pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire, provided the person is qualified in accordance with this part and with the applicable parts of this chapter that apply to the operation; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For compensation or hire, provided the person is qualified in accordance with this part and with the applicable parts of this chapter that apply to the operation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) <span class="E-03">Commercial pilots with lighter-than-air category ratings.</span> A person with a commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air category rating may—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">For an airship</span>—(A) Give flight and ground training in an airship for the issuance of a certificate or rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Give an endorsement for a pilot certificate with an airship rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Endorse a student pilot certificate or logbook for solo operating privileges in an airship;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) Act as pilot in command of an airship under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimum prescribed for VFR flight; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(E) Give flight and ground training and endorsements that are required for a flight review, an operating privilege or recency-of-experience requirements of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) <span class="E-03">For a balloon</span>—(A) Give flight and ground training in a balloon for the issuance of a certificate or rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Give an endorsement for a pilot certificate with a balloon rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) Endorse a student pilot certificate or logbook for solo operating privileges in a balloon; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) Give ground and flight training and endorsements that are required for a flight review, an operating privilege, or recency-of-experience requirements of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Limitations.</span> (1) A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category or powered-lift category rating and does not hold an instrument rating in the same category and class will be issued a commercial pilot certificate that contains the limitation, “The carriage of passengers for hire in (airplanes) (powered-lifts) on cross-country flights in excess of 50 nautical miles or at night is prohibited.” The limitation may be removed when the person satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements listed in § 61.65 of this part for an instrument rating in the same category and class of aircraft listed on the person's commercial pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) If a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a balloon with an airborne heater—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The pilot certificate will contain a limitation restricting the exercise of the privileges of that certificate to a balloon with an airborne heater.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The limitation specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section may be removed when the person obtains the required aeronautical experience in a gas balloon and receives a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who attests to the person's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a gas balloon.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">472</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(3) If a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a gas balloon—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The pilot certificate will contain a limitation restricting the exercise of the privileges of that certificate to a gas balloon.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The limitation specified in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section may be removed when the person obtains the required aeronautical experience in a balloon with an airborne heater and receives a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who attests to the person's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a balloon with an airborne heater.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40905, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.135-61.141"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§§ 61.135-61.141</span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart G—Airline Transport Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.151"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.151</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="P">This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of airline transport pilot certificates and ratings, the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary, and the general operating rules for persons who hold those certificates and ratings.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.153"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.153</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements: General.</span> | |
| <span class="P">To be eligible for an airline transport pilot certificate, a person must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Meet the following age requirements:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) For an airline transport pilot certificate obtained under the aeronautical experience requirements of §§ 61.159, 61.161, or 61.163, be at least 23 years of age; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For an airline transport pilot certificate obtained under the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.160, be at least 21 years of age.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Be of good moral character;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Meet at least one of the following requirements:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Holds a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating issued under this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Meet the military experience requirements under § 61.73 of this part to qualify for a commercial pilot certificate, and an instrument rating if the person is a rated military pilot or former rated military pilot of an Armed Force of the United States; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Holds either a foreign airline transport pilot license with instrument privileges, or a foreign commercial pilot license with an instrument rating, that—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Was issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Contains no geographical limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) After July 31, 2014, for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating or an airline transport pilot certificate obtained concurrently with an airplane type rating, receive a graduation certificate from an authorized training provider certifying completion of the airline transport pilot certification training program specified in § 61.156 before applying for the knowledge test required by paragraph (g) of this section;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of § 61.155(c) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation listed in § 61.157(e) of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">473</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Comply with the sections of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40905, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42559, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.155"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.155</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> The knowledge test for an airline transport pilot certificate is based on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in paragraph (c) of this section that are appropriate to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Aircraft type rating.</span> A person who is applying for an additional aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot certificate is not required to pass a knowledge test if that person's airline transport pilot certificate lists the aircraft category and class rating that is appropriate to the type rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Aeronautical knowledge areas.</span> (1) Applicable Federal Aviation Regulations of this chapter that relate to airline transport pilot privileges, limitations, and flight operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Meteorology, including knowledge of and effects of fronts, frontal characteristics, cloud formations, icing, and upper-air data;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) General system of weather and NOTAM collection, dissemination, interpretation, and use;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Interpretation and use of weather charts, maps, forecasts, sequence reports, abbreviations, and symbols;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) National Weather Service functions as they pertain to operations in the National Airspace System;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Windshear and microburst awareness, identification, and avoidance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Principles of air navigation under instrument meteorological conditions in the National Airspace System;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Air traffic control procedures and pilot responsibilities as they relate to en route operations, terminal area and radar operations, and instrument departure and approach procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(9) Aircraft loading, weight and balance, use of charts, graphs, tables, formulas, and computations, and their effect on aircraft performance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) Aerodynamics relating to an aircraft's flight characteristics and performance in normal and abnormal flight regimes;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) Human factors;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) Aeronautical decision making and judgment;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Crew resource management to include crew communication and coordination; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) After July 31, 2014, for airplane category multiengine class rating or airplane type rating, the content of the airline transport pilot certification training program in § 61.156.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) An applicant who successfully completes the knowledge test for an airline transport pilot certificate prior to August 1, 2014, must successfully complete the practical test within 24 months from the month in which the knowledge test was successfully completed. An applicant who passes the knowledge test prior to August 1, 2014, but fails to successfully complete the practical test within 24 months must complete the airline transport pilot certification training program specified in § 61.156 and retake the knowledge test prior to applying for the practical test.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42374, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.156"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.156</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Training requirements: Airplane category—multiengine class rating or airplane type rating concurrently with airline transport pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">After July 31, 2014, a person who applies for the knowledge test for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating must present a graduation certificate from an authorized training provider under part 121, 135, 141, or 142 of this chapter certifying the applicant has completed the following training in a course approved by the Administrator.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Academic training.</span> The applicant for the knowledge test must receive at least 30 hours of classroom instruction that includes the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) At least 8 hours of instruction on aerodynamics including high altitude operations; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">474</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) At least 2 hours of instruction on meteorology, including adverse weather phenomena and weather detection systems; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) At least 14 hours of instruction on air carrier operations, including the following areas:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Physiology;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Communications;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Checklist philosophy;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Operational control;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Minimum equipment list/configuration deviation list;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Ground operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Turbine engines;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Transport category aircraft performance;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Automation, navigation, and flight path warning systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) At least 6 hours of instruction on leadership, professional development, crew resource management, and safety culture.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">FSTD training.</span> The applicant for the knowledge test must receive at least 10 hours of training in a flight simulation training device qualified under part 60 of this chapter that represents a multiengine turbine airplane. The training must include the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) At least 6 hours of training in a Level C or higher full flight simulator qualified under part 60 of this chapter that represents a multiengine turbine airplane with a maximum takeoff weight of 40,000 pounds or greater. The training must include the following areas:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Low energy states/stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Upset recovery techniques; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Adverse weather conditions, including icing, thunderstorms, and crosswinds with gusts.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The remaining FSTD training may be completed in a Level 4 or higher flight simulation training device. The training must include the following areas:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Navigation including flight management systems; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Automation including autoflight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Deviation authority.</span> The Administrator may issue deviation authority from the weight requirement in paragraph (b)(1) of this section upon a determination that the objectives of the training can be met in an alternative device.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2010-0100, 78 FR 42375, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.157"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.157</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> (1) The practical test for an airline transport pilot certificate is given for—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An airplane category and single engine class rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) An airplane category and multiengine class rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) A rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) A powered-lift category rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) An aircraft type rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot practical test must meet—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The eligibility requirements of § 61.153; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The aeronautical knowledge and aeronautical experience requirements of this subpart that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Aircraft type rating.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a person who applies for an aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot certificate or applies for a type rating to be concurrently completed with an airline transport pilot certificate:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation under this section that apply to the aircraft type rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Must receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor that certifies the applicant completed the training on the areas of operation listed under paragraph (e) of this section that apply to the aircraft type rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Must perform the practical test in actual or simulated instrument conditions, except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Exceptions.</span> A person who applies for an aircraft type rating to be added to an airline transport pilot certificate or an aircraft type rating concurrently with an airline transport pilot certificate, and who is an employee of a certificate holder operating under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, does not need to comply with the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section if the applicant presents a training record that shows completion of that certificate holder's approved training program for the aircraft type rating.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">475</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Upgrading type ratings.</span> Any type rating(s) and limitations on a pilot certificate of an applicant who completes an airline transport pilot practical test will be included at the airline transport pilot certification level, provided the applicant passes the practical test in the same category and class of aircraft for which the applicant holds the type rating(s).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Areas of operation.</span> (1) For an airplane category—single engine class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) In-flight maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Instrument procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Emergency procedures; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For an airplane category—multiengine class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) In-flight maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Instrument procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Emergency procedures; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) For a powered-lift category rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) In-flight maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Instrument procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Emergency procedures; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) For a rotorcraft category—helicopter class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Takeoff and departure phase;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) In-flight maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Instrument procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Landings and approaches to landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Normal and abnormal procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Emergency procedures; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Proficiency and competency checks conducted under part 121, part 135, or subpart K of part 91.</span> (1) Successful completion of any of the following checks satisfies the flight proficiency requirements of this section for the issuance of an airline transport pilot certificate and/or the appropriate aircraft rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A proficiency check under § 121.441 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Both a competency check under § 135.293(a)(2) and § 135.293(b) of this chapter and pilot-in-command instrument proficiency check under § 135.297 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Both a competency check under § 91.1065 of this chapter and a pilot-in-command instrument proficiency check under § 91.1069 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The checks specified in paragraph (f)(1) of this section must be conducted by one of the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) An FAA Aviation Safety Inspector.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) An Aircrew Program Designee who is authorized to perform proficiency and/or competency checks for the air carrier whose approved training program has been satisfactorily completed by the pilot applicant.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) A Training Center Evaluator with appropriate certification authority who is also authorized to perform the portions of the competency and/or proficiency checks required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section for the air carrier whose approved training program has been satisfactorily completed by the pilot applicant.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Aircraft not capable of instrument maneuvers and procedures.</span> An applicant may add a type rating to an airline transport pilot certificate with an aircraft that is not capable of the instrument maneuvers and procedures required on the practical test under the following circumstances—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The rating is limited to “VFR only.” | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">476</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The type rating is added to an airline transport pilot certificate that has instrument privileges in that category and class of aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The “VFR only” limitation may be removed for that aircraft type after the applicant:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Passes a practical test in that type of aircraft on the appropriate instrument maneuvers and procedures in § 61.157; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Becomes qualified in § 61.73(d) for that type of aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station.</span> An applicant for a type rating, at the ATP certification level, in a multiengine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in the multi-seat version of that airplane. The practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test in the case where there is no multi-seat version of that multiengine airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Single engine airplane with a single-pilot station.</span> An applicant for a type rating, at the ATP certification level, in a single engine airplane with a single-pilot station must perform the practical test in the multi-seat version of that single engine airplane. The practical test may be performed in the single-seat version of that airplane if the Examiner is in a position to observe the applicant during the practical test in the case where there is no multi-seat version of that single engine airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) <span class="E-03">Waiver authority.</span> An Examiner who conducts a practical test may waive any task for which the FAA has provided waiver authority.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42560, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-124A, 74 FR 53647, Oct. 20, 2009; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42375, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.158"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.158</span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.159"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.159</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience: Airplane category rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, a person who is applying for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category and class rating must have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 100 hours of night flight time.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 50 hours of flight time in the class of airplane for the rating sought. A maximum of 25 hours of training in a full flight simulator representing the class of airplane for the rating sought may be credited toward the flight time requirement of this paragraph if the training was accomplished as part of an approved training course in parts 121, 135, 141, or 142 of this chapter. A flight training device or aviation training device may not be used to satisfy this requirement.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time, in actual or simulated instrument conditions, subject to the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section, an applicant may not receive credit for more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument time in a flight simulator or flight training device.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section if the training was accomplished in a course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device must be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device, representing an airplane.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) 250 hours of flight time in an airplane as a pilot in command, or as second in command performing the duties of pilot in command while under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof, which includes at least—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 100 hours of cross-country flight time; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 25 hours of night flight time.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Not more than 100 hours of the total aeronautical experience requirements of paragraph (a) of this section or § 61.160 may be obtained in a full flight simulator or flight training device provided the device represents an airplane and the aeronautical experience was accomplished as part of an approved training course in parts 121, 135, 141, or 142 of this chapter. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">477</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A person who has performed at least 20 night takeoffs and landings to a full stop may substitute each additional night takeoff and landing to a full stop for 1 hour of night flight time to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this section; however, not more than 25 hours of night flight time may be credited in this manner.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A commercial pilot may credit the following second-in-command flight time or flight-engineer flight time toward the 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot required by paragraph (a) of this section:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Second-in-command time, provided the time is acquired in an airplane—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Required to have more than one pilot flight crewmember by the airplane's flight manual, type certificate, or the regulations under which the flight is being conducted;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Engaged in operations under subpart K of part 91, part 121, or part 135 of this chapter for which a second in command is required; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) That is required by the operating rules of this chapter to have more than one pilot flight crewmember.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Flight-engineer time, provided the time—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Is acquired in an airplane required to have a flight engineer by the airplane's flight manual or type certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Is acquired while engaged in operations under part 121 of this chapter for which a flight engineer is required;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Is acquired while the person is participating in a pilot training program approved under part 121 of this chapter; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Does not exceed more than 1 hour for each 3 hours of flight engineer flight time for a total credited time of no more than 500 hours.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Flight-engineer time, provided the flight time—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Is acquired as a U.S. Armed Forces' flight engineer crewmember in an airplane that requires a flight engineer crewmember by the flight manual;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Is acquired while the person is participating in a flight engineer crewmember training program for the U.S. Armed Forces; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Does not exceed 1 hour for each 3 hours of flight engineer flight time for a total credited time of no more than 500 hours.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) An applicant is issued an airline transport pilot certificate with the limitation, “Holder does not meet the pilot in command aeronautical experience requirements of ICAO,” as prescribed under Article 39 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, if the applicant does not meet the ICAO requirements contained in Annex 1 “Personnel Licensing” to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, but otherwise meets the aeronautical experience requirements of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) An applicant is entitled to an airline transport pilot certificate without the ICAO limitation specified under paragraph (d) of this section when the applicant presents satisfactory evidence of having met the ICAO requirements under paragraph (d) of this section and otherwise meets the aeronautical experience requirements of this section.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40906, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20288, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-109, 68 FR 54560, Sept. 17, 2003; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42561, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42375, July 15, 2013; Admt. 61-130A, 78 FR 44874, July 25, 2013; Amdt. 61-130B, 78 FR 77573, Dec. 24, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.160"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.160</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience—airplane category restricted privileges.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except for a person who has been removed from flying status for lack of proficiency or because of a disciplinary action involving aircraft operations, a U.S. military pilot or former U.S. military pilot may apply for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating or an airline transport pilot certificate concurrently with an airplane type rating with a minimum of 750 hours of total time as a pilot if the pilot presents:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) An official Form DD-214 (Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty) indicating that the person was honorably discharged from the U.S. Armed Forces or an official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the pilot is currently serving in the U.S. Armed Forces; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An official U.S. Armed Forces record that shows the person graduated from a U.S. Armed Forces undergraduate pilot training school and received a rating qualification as a military pilot.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">478</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A person may apply for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating or an airline transport pilot certificate concurrently with an airplane type rating with a minimum of 1,000 hours of total time as a pilot if the person:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Holds a Bachelor's degree with an aviation major from an institution of higher education, as defined in § 61.1, that has been issued a letter of authorization by the Administrator under § 61.169;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Completes 60 semester credit hours of aviation and aviation-related coursework that has been recognized by the Administrator as coursework designed to improve and enhance the knowledge and skills of a person seeking a career as a professional pilot;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Holds a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category and instrument rating if:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The required ground training was completed as part of an approved part 141 curriculum at the institution of higher education; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The required flight training was completed as part of an approved part 141 curriculum at the institution of higher education or at a part 141 pilot school that has a training agreement under § 141.26 of this chapter with the institution of higher education; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Presents official transcripts or other documentation acceptable to the Administrator from the institution of higher education certifying that the graduate has satisfied the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A person may apply for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating or an airline transport pilot certificate concurrently with an airplane type rating with a minimum of 1,250 hours of total time as a pilot if the person:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Holds an Associate's degree with an aviation major from an institution of higher education, as defined in § 61.1, that has been issued a letter of authorization by the Administrator under § 61.169;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Completes at least 30 semester credit hours of aviation and aviation-related coursework that has been recognized by the Administrator as coursework designed to improve and enhance the knowledge and skills of a person seeking a career as a professional pilot;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Holds a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category and instrument rating if:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The required ground training was completed as part of an approved part 141 curriculum at the institution of higher education; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) The required flight training was completed as part of an approved part 141 curriculum at the institution of higher education or at a part 141 pilot school that has a written training agreement under § 141.26 of this chapter with the institution of higher education; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Presents official transcripts or other documentation acceptable to the Administrator from the institution of higher education certifying that the graduate has satisfied the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) A graduate of an institution of higher education who completes fewer than 60 semester credit hours but at least 30 credit hours and otherwise satisfies the requirements of paragraph (b) may apply for airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category multiengine class rating or an airline transport pilot certificate concurrently with an airplane type rating with a minimum of 1,250 hours of total time as a pilot.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) A person who applies for an airline transport pilot certificate under the total flight times listed in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section must otherwise meet the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159, except that the person may apply for an airline transport pilot certificate with 200 hours of cross-country flight time.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) A person who has 1,500 hours total time as a pilot, 200 hours of cross-country flight time, and otherwise meets the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159 may apply for an airline transport pilot certificate under this section.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">479</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(g) An airline transport pilot certificate obtained under this section is subject to the pilot in command limitations set forth in § 61.167(b) and must contain the following limitation, “Restricted in accordance with 14 CFR 61.167.” The pilot is entitled to an airline transport pilot certificate without the limitation specified in this paragraph when the applicant presents satisfactory evidence of having met the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159 and the age requirement of § 61.153(a)(1).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) An applicant who meets the aeronautical experience requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section is issued an airline transport pilot certificate with the limitation, “Holder does not meet the pilot in command aeronautical experience requirements of ICAO,” as prescribed under Article 39 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation if the applicant does not meet the ICAO requirements contained in Annex 1 “Personnel Licensing” to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. An applicant is entitled to an airline transport pilot certificate without the ICAO limitation specified under this paragraph when the applicant presents satisfactory evidence of having met the ICAO requirements and otherwise meets the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2010-0100, 78 FR 42375, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.161"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.161</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience: Rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot certificate with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating, must have at least 1,200 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 100 hours of night flight time, of which 15 hours are in helicopters;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 200 hours of flight time in helicopters, which includes at least 75 hours as a pilot in command, or as second in command performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument meteorological conditions, of which at least 50 hours are obtained in flight with at least 25 hours in helicopters as a pilot in command, or as second in command performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section, subject to the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Training in a flight simulator or a flight training device must be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a rotorcraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, an applicant may receive credit for not more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument time in a flight simulator and flight training device.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section if the aeronautical experience is accomplished in an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40906, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20289, Apr. 23, 1998]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.163"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.163</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical experience: Powered-lift category rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person who is applying for an airline transport pilot certificate with a powered-lift category rating must have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) 500 hours of cross-country flight time;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) 100 hours of night flight time;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) 250 hours in a powered-lift as a pilot in command, or as a second in command performing the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof, which includes at least—</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">480</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(i) 100 hours of cross-country flight time; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) 25 hours of night flight time.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) 75 hours of instrument flight time in actual or simulated instrument conditions, subject to the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section, an applicant may not receive credit for more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument time in a flight simulator or flight training device.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A maximum of 50 hours of training in a flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section if the training was accomplished in a course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Training in a flight simulator or flight training device must be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a powered-lift.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Not more than 100 hours of the total aeronautical experience requirements of paragraph (a) of this section may be obtained in a flight simulator or flight training device that represents a powered-lift, provided the aeronautical experience was obtained in an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40906, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20289, Apr. 23, 1998]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.165"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.165</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Additional aircraft category and class ratings.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating.</span> A person applying for an airline transport certificate with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating who holds an airline transport pilot certificate with another aircraft category rating must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of § 61.153 of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of § 61.155(c) of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Comply with the requirements in § 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.161 of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of § 61.157(e)(4) of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating.</span> A person applying for an airline transport certificate with an airplane category and single-engine class rating who holds an airline transport pilot certificate with another aircraft category rating must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of § 61.153 of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of § 61.155(c) of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Comply with the requirements in § 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159 of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of § 61.157(e)(1) of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating.</span> A person applying for an airline transport certificate with an airplane category and multiengine class rating who holds an airline transport certificate with another aircraft category rating must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of § 61.153 of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) After July 31, 2014, successfully complete the airline transport pilot certification training program specified in § 61.156;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Pass a knowledge test for an airplane category multiengine class rating or type rating on the aeronautical knowledge areas of § 61.155(c);</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Comply with the requirements in § 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159 or § 61.160; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Pass the practical test on the areas of operation of § 61.157(e)(2) of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Powered-lift category.</span> A person applying for an airline transport pilot certificate with a powered-lift category rating who holds an airline transport certificate with another aircraft category rating must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of § 61.153 of this part; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">481</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Pass a required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of § 61.155(c) of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Comply with the requirements in § 61.157(b) of this part, if appropriate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.163 of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Pass the required practical test on the areas of operation of § 61.157(e)(3) of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Additional class rating within the same aircraft category.</span> Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, a person applying for an airline transport pilot certificate with an additional class rating who holds an airline transport certificate in the same aircraft category must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of § 61.153, except paragraph (g) of that section;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Comply with the requirements in § 61.157(b) of this part, if applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of subpart G of this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Pass a practical test on the areas of operation of § 61.157(e) appropriate to the aircraft rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Adding a multiengine class rating or airplane type rating to an airline transport pilot certificate with a single engine class rating.</span> A person applying to add a multiengine class rating or airplane type rating to an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category single engine class rating must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Meet the eligibility requirements of § 61.153;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) After July 31, 2014, pass a required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas of § 61.155(c), as applicable to multiengine airplanes;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Comply with the requirements in § 61.157(b), if applicable;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Meet the applicable aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Pass a practical test on the areas of operation of § 61.157(e)(2).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Category class ratings for the operation of aircraft with experimental certificates.</span> Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section, a person holding an airline transport certificate may apply for a category and class rating limited to a specific make and model of experimental aircraft, provided—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The person has logged at least 5 hours flight time while acting as pilot in command in the same category, class, make, and model of aircraft that has been issued an experimental certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The person has received a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who has determined that he or she is proficient to act as pilot in command of the same category, class, make, and model of aircraft for which application is made; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The flight time specified in paragraph (g)(1) of this section must be logged between September 1, 2004 and August 31, 2005.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40906, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-130, 78 FR 42376, July 15, 2013; Amdt. 61-130B, 78 FR 77574, Dec. 24, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.167"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.167</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Airline transport pilot privileges and limitations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Privileges.</span> (1) A person who holds an airline transport pilot certificate is entitled to the same privileges as a person who holds a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A person who holds an airline transport pilot certificate and has met the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159 and the age requirements of § 61.153(a)(1) of this part may instruct—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Other pilots in air transportation service in aircraft of the category, class, and type, as applicable, for which the airline transport pilot is rated and endorse the logbook or other training record of the person to whom training has been given;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) In flight simulators, and flight training devices representing the aircraft referenced in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, when instructing under the provisions of this section and endorse the logbook or other training record of the person to whom training has been given;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Only as provided in this section, except that an airline transport pilot who also holds a flight instructor certificate can exercise the instructor privileges under subpart H of this part for which he or she is rated; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">482</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) In an aircraft, only if the aircraft has functioning dual controls, when instructing under the provisions of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Excluding briefings and debriefings, an airline transport pilot may not instruct in aircraft, flight simulators, and flight training devices under this section—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) For more than 8 hours in any 24-consecutive-hour period; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For more than 36 hours in any 7-consecutive-day period.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) An airline transport pilot may not instruct in Category II or Category III operations unless he or she has been trained and successfully tested under Category II or Category III operations, as applicable.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Limitations.</span> A person who holds an airline transport pilot certificate and has not satisfied the age requirement of § 61.153(a)(1) and the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159 may not:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Act as pilot in command in operations conducted under part 121, § 91.1053(a)(2)(i), or § 135.243(a)(1) of this chapter, or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Serve as second in command in flag or supplemental operations in part 121 of this chapter requiring three or more pilots.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2010-0100, 78 FR 42376, July 15, 2013, as amended by Amdt. 61-130B, 78 FR 77574, Dec. 24, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.169"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.169</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Letters of authorization for institutions of higher education.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) An institution of higher education that is accredited, as defined in § 61.1, may apply for a letter of authorization for the purpose of certifying its graduates for an airline transport pilot certificate under the academic and aeronautical experience requirements in § 61.160. The application must be in a form and manner acceptable to the Administrator.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) An institution of higher education must comply with the provisions of the letter of authorization and may not certify a graduate unless it determines that the graduate has satisfied the requirements of § 61.160, as appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) The Administrator may rescind or amend a letter of authorization if the Administrator determines that the institution of higher education is not complying or is unable to comply with the provisions of the letter of authorization.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2010-0100, 78 FR 42377, July 15, 2013]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.170-69.171"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§§ 61.170-69.171</span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart H—Flight Instructors Other than Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating</span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.181"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.181</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="P">This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of flight instructor certificates and ratings (except for flight instructor certificates with a sport pilot rating), the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary, and the limitations on those certificates and ratings.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.183"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.183</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">To be eligible for a flight instructor certificate or rating a person must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Be at least 18 years of age;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's flight instructor certificate as are necessary;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Hold either a commercial pilot certificate or airline transport pilot certificate with:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) An aircraft category and class rating that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) An instrument rating, or privileges on that person's pilot certificate that are appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought, if applying for—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A flight instructor certificate with an airplane category and single-engine class rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A flight instructor certificate with an airplane category and multiengine class rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) A flight instructor certificate with a powered-lift rating; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) A flight instructor certificate with an instrument rating. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">483</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor on the fundamentals of instructing listed in § 61.185 of this part appropriate to the required knowledge test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Pass a knowledge test on the areas listed in § 61.185(a)(1) of this part, unless the applicant:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Holds a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Holds a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.185(a)(2) and (a)(3) of this part that are appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation listed in § 61.187(b) of this part, appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) Pass the required practical test that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought in an:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Aircraft that is representative of the category and class of aircraft for the aircraft rating sought; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Flight simulator or approved flight training device that is representative of the category and class of aircraft for the rating sought, and used in accordance with a course at a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Accomplish the following for a flight instructor certificate with an airplane or a glider rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor indicating that the applicant is competent and possesses instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures after providing the applicant with flight training in those training areas in an airplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certificated for spins; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Demonstrate instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures. However, upon presentation of the endorsement specified in paragraph (i)(1) of this section an examiner may accept that endorsement as satisfactory evidence of instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures for the practical test, provided that the practical test is not a retest as a result of the applicant failing the previous test for deficiencies in the knowledge or skill of stall awareness, spin entry, spins, or spin recovery instructional procedures. If the retest is a result of deficiencies in the ability of an applicant to demonstrate knowledge or skill of stall awareness, spin entry, spins, or spin recovery instructional procedures, the examiner must test the person on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery instructional procedures in an airplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certificated for spins;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) Log at least 15 hours as pilot in command in the category and class of aircraft that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) Comply with the appropriate sections of this part that apply to the flight instructor rating sought.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40907, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42561, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.185"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.185</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person who is applying for a flight instructor certificate must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the fundamentals of instructing, including:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The learning process;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Elements of effective teaching;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Student evaluation and testing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Course development;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Lesson planning; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Classroom training techniques.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The aeronautical knowledge areas for a recreational, private, and commercial pilot certificate applicable to the aircraft category for which flight instructor privileges are sought; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) The aeronautical knowledge areas for the instrument rating applicable to the category for which instrument flight instructor privileges are sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The following applicants do not need to comply with paragraph (a)(1) of this section: | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">484</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The holder of a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The holder of a current teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A person employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40907, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.187"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.187</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">General.</span> A person who is applying for a flight instructor certificate must receive and log flight and ground training from an authorized instructor on the areas of operation listed in this section that apply to the flight instructor rating sought. The applicant's logbook must contain an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person is proficient to pass a practical test on those areas of operation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Areas of operation.</span> (1) For an airplane category rating with a single-engine class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Fundamentals of instructing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Technical subject areas;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Airport and seaplane base operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Fundamentals of flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Slow flight, stalls, and spins;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Basic instrument maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiii) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiv) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For an airplane category rating with a multiengine class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Fundamentals of instructing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Technical subject areas;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Airport and seaplane base operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Fundamentals of flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Basic instrument maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiii) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiv) Multiengine operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xv) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) For a rotorcraft category rating with a helicopter class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Fundamentals of instructing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Technical subject areas;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Airport and heliport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Hovering maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Fundamentals of flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Emergency operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Special operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiii) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) For a rotorcraft category rating with a gyroplane class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Fundamentals of instructing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Technical subject areas;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Airport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Fundamentals of flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Flight at slow airspeeds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiii) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) For a powered-lift category rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Fundamentals of instructing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Technical subject areas;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Airport and heliport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Hovering maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Fundamentals of flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Ground reference maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Slow flight and stalls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiii) Basic instrument maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiv) Emergency operations; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">485</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(xv) Special operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xvi) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) For a glider category rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Fundamentals of instructing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Technical subject areas;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Preflight procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Airport and gliderport operations;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Launches and landings;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Fundamentals of flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Performance speeds;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Soaring techniques;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xi) Performance maneuvers;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xii) Slow flight, stalls, and spins;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiii) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(xiv) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) For an instrument rating with the appropriate aircraft category and class rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Fundamentals of instructing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Technical subject areas;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Preflight preparation;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Air traffic control clearances and procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Flight by reference to instruments;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vii) Navigation aids;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(viii) Instrument approach procedures;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ix) Emergency operations; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(x) Postflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) The flight training required by this section may be accomplished:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) In an aircraft that is representative of the category and class of aircraft for the rating sought; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) In a flight simulator or flight training device representative of the category and class of aircraft for the rating sought, and used in accordance with an approved course at a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40907, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42561, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.189"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.189</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight instructor records.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A flight instructor must sign the logbook of each person to whom that instructor has given flight training or ground training.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A flight instructor must maintain a record in a logbook or a separate document that contains the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The name of each person whose logbook or student pilot certificate that instructor has endorsed for solo flight privileges, and the date of the endorsement; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The name of each person that instructor has endorsed for a knowledge test or practical test, and the record shall also indicate the kind of test, the date, and the results.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Each flight instructor must retain the records required by this section for at least 3 years.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.191"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.191</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Additional flight instructor ratings.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person who applies for an additional flight instructor rating on a flight instructor certificate must meet the eligibility requirements listed in § 61.183 of this part that apply to the flight instructor rating sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A person who applies for an additional rating on a flight instructor certificate is not required to pass the knowledge test on the areas listed in § 61.185(a)(1) of this part.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40907, July 30, 1997]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.193"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.193</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight instructor privileges.</span> | |
| <span class="P">A person who holds a flight instructor certificate is authorized within the limitations of that person's flight instructor certificate and ratings to train and issue endorsements that are required for:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A student pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A flight instructor certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) A ground instructor certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) An aircraft rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) An instrument rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) A flight review, operating privilege, or recency of experience requirement of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) A practical test; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A knowledge test.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40907, July 30, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42561, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">486</span></div></div></div> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.195"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.195</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Flight instructor limitations and qualifications.</span> | |
| <span class="P">A person who holds a flight instructor certificate is subject to the following limitations:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Hours of training.</span> In any 24-consecutive-hour period, a flight instructor may not conduct more than 8 hours of flight training.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Aircraft Ratings.</span> A flight instructor may not conduct flight training in any aircraft for which the flight instructor does not hold:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A pilot certificate and flight instructor certificate with the applicable category and class rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) If appropriate, a type rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) <span class="E-03">Instrument Rating.</span> A flight instructor who provides instrument training for the issuance of an instrument rating, a type rating not limited to VFR, or the instrument training required for commercial pilot and airline transport pilot certificates must hold an instrument rating on his or her pilot certificate and flight instructor certificate that is appropriate to the category and class of aircraft used for the training provided.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) <span class="E-03">Limitations on endorsements.</span> A flight instructor may not endorse a:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Student pilot's certificate or logbook for solo flight privileges, unless that flight instructor has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Given that student the flight training required for solo flight privileges required by this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Determined that the student is prepared to conduct the flight safely under known circumstances, subject to any limitations listed in the student's logbook that the instructor considers necessary for the safety of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Student pilot's certificate and logbook for a solo cross-country flight, unless that flight instructor has determined the student's flight preparation, planning, equipment, and proposed procedures are adequate for the proposed flight under the existing conditions and within any limitations listed in the logbook that the instructor considers necessary for the safety of the flight;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Student pilot's logbook for solo flight in a Class B airspace area or at an airport within Class B airspace unless that flight instructor has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Given that student ground and flight training in that Class B airspace or at that airport; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Determined that the student is proficient to operate the aircraft safely.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Logbook of a recreational pilot, unless that flight instructor has—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Given that pilot the ground and flight training required by this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Determined that the recreational pilot is proficient to operate the aircraft safely.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Logbook of a pilot for a flight review, unless that instructor has conducted a review of that pilot in accordance with the requirements of § 61.56(a) of this part; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Logbook of a pilot for an instrument proficiency check, unless that instructor has tested that pilot in accordance with the requirements of § 61.57(d) of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) <span class="E-03">Training in an aircraft that requires a type rating.</span> A flight instructor may not give flight training in an aircraft that requires the pilot in command to hold a type rating unless the flight instructor holds a type rating for that aircraft on his or her pilot certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) <span class="E-03">Training received in a multiengine airplane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift.</span> A flight instructor may not give training required for the issuance of a certificate or rating in a multiengine airplane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift unless that flight instructor has at least 5 flight hours of pilot-in-command time in the specific make and model of multiengine airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift, as appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) <span class="E-03">Position in aircraft and required pilot stations for providing flight training.</span> (1) A flight instructor must perform all training from in an aircraft that complies with the requirements of § 91.109 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A flight instructor who provides flight training for a pilot certificate or rating issued under this part must provide that flight training in an aircraft that meets the following requirements—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The aircraft must have at least two pilot stations and be of the same category, class, and type, if appropriate, that applies to the pilot certificate or rating sought. | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">487</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For single-place aircraft, the pre-solo flight training must have been provided in an aircraft that has two pilot stations and is of the same category, class, and type, if appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) <span class="E-03">Qualifications of the flight instructor for training first-time flight instructor applicants.</span> (1) The ground training provided to an initial applicant for a flight instructor certificate must be given by an authorized instructor who—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Holds a ground or flight instructor certificate with the appropriate rating, has held that certificate for at least 24 calendar months, and has given at least 40 hours of ground training; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Holds a ground or flight instructor certificate with the appropriate rating, and has given at least 100 hours of ground training in an FAA-approved course.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Except for an instructor who meets the requirements of paragraph (h)(3)(ii) of this section, a flight instructor who provides training to an initial applicant for a flight instructor certificate must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Meet the eligibility requirements prescribed in § 61.183 of this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Hold the appropriate flight instructor certificate and rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Have held a flight instructor certificate for at least 24 months;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) For training in preparation for an airplane, rotorcraft, or powered-lift rating, have given at least 200 hours of flight training as a flight instructor; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) For training in preparation for a glider rating, have given at least 80 hours of flight training as a flight instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A flight instructor who serves as a flight instructor in an FAA-approved course for the issuance of a flight instructor rating must hold a flight instructor certificate with the appropriate rating and pass the required initial and recurrent flight instructor proficiency tests, in accordance with the requirements of the part under which the FAA-approved course is conducted, and must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Meet the requirements of paragraph (h)(2) of this section; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Have trained and endorsed at least five applicants for a practical test for a pilot certificate, flight instructor certificate, ground instructor certificate, or an additional rating, and at least 80 percent of those applicants passed that test on their first attempt; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) Given at least 400 hours of flight training as a flight instructor for training in an airplane, a rotorcraft, or for a powered-lift rating; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) Given at least 100 hours of flight training as a flight instructor, for training in a glider rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) <span class="E-03">Prohibition against self-endorsements.</span> A flight instructor shall not make any self-endorsement for a certificate, rating, flight review, authorization, operating privilege, practical test, or knowledge test that is required by this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) <span class="E-03">Additional qualifications required to give training in Category II or Category III operations.</span> A flight instructor may not give training in Category II or Category III operations unless the flight instructor has been trained and tested in Category II or Category III operations, pursuant to § 61.67 or § 61.68 of this part, as applicable.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) <span class="E-03">Training for night vision goggle operations.</span> A flight instructor may not conduct training for night vision goggle operations unless the flight instructor:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Has a pilot and flight instructor certificate with the applicable category and class rating for the training;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) If appropriate, has a type rating on his or her pilot certificate for the aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Is pilot in command qualified for night vision goggle operations, in accordance with § 61.31(k);</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Has logged 100 night vision goggle operations as the sole manipulator of the controls;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Has logged 20 night vision goggle operations as the sole manipulator of the controls in the category and class, and type of aircraft, if aircraft class and type is appropriate, that the training will be given in;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Is qualified to act as pilot in command in night vision goggle operations under § 61.57(f) or (g); and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) Has a logbook endorsement from an FAA Aviation Safety Inspector or a person who is authorized by the FAA to provide that logbook endorsement that states the flight instructor is authorized to perform the night vision goggle pilot in command qualification and recent flight experience requirements under § 61.31(k) and § 61.57(f) and (g).</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">488</span></div></div></div> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997; Amdt. 61-103, 62 FR 40907, July 30, 1997; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42561, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.197"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.197</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Renewal requirements for flight instructor certification.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person who holds a flight instructor certificate that has not expired may renew that flight instructor certificate by—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Passing a practical test for—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) One of the ratings listed on the current flight instructor certificate; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) An additional flight instructor rating; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Submitting a completed and signed application with the FAA and satisfactorily completing one of the following renewal requirements—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A record of training students showing that, during the preceding 24 calendar months, the flight instructor has endorsed at least 5 students for a practical test for a certificate or rating and at least 80 percent of those students passed that test on the first attempt.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) A record showing that, within the preceding 24 calendar months, the flight instructor has served as a company check pilot, chief flight instructor, company check airman, or flight instructor in a part 121 or part 135 operation, or in a position involving the regular evaluation of pilots.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) A graduation certificate showing that, within the preceding 3 calendar months, the person has successfully completed an approved flight instructor refresher course consisting of ground training or flight training, or a combination of both.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) A record showing that, within the preceding 12 months from the month of application, the flight instructor passed an official U.S. Armed Forces military instructor pilot proficiency check.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The expiration month of a renewed flight instructor certificate shall be 24 calendar months from—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The month the renewal requirements of paragraph (a) of this section are accomplished; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The month of expiration of the current flight instructor certificate provided—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The renewal requirements of paragraph (a) of this section are accomplished within the 3 calendar months preceding the expiration month of the current flight instructor certificate, and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) If the renewal is accomplished under paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section, the approved flight instructor refresher course must be completed within the 3 calendar months preceding the expiration month of the current flight instructor certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) The practical test required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section may be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device if the test is accomplished pursuant to an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 63 FR 20289, Apr. 23, 1998, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.199"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.199</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Reinstatement requirements of an expired flight instructor certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Flight instructor certificates.</span> The holder of an expired flight instructor certificate who has not complied with the flight instructor renewal requirements of § 61.197 may reinstate that flight instructor certificate and ratings by filing a completed and signed application with the FAA and satisfactorily completing one of the following reinstatement requirements:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A flight instructor certification practical test, as prescribed by § 61.183(h), for one of the ratings held on the expired flight instructor certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) A flight instructor certification practical test for an additional rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Flight instructor ratings.</span> (1) A flight instructor rating or a limited flight instructor rating on a pilot certificate is no longer valid and may not be exchanged for a similar rating or a flight instructor certificate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The holder of a flight instructor rating or a limited flight instructor rating on a pilot certificate may be issued a flight instructor certificate with the current ratings, but only if the person passes the required knowledge and practical test prescribed in this subpart for the issuance of the current flight instructor certificate and rating.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">489</span></div></div></div> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-104, 63 FR 20289, Apr. 23, 1998; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.201"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.201</span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart I—Ground Instructors</span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.211"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.211</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Applicability.</span> | |
| <span class="P">This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of ground instructor certificates and ratings, the conditions under which those certificates and ratings are necessary, and the limitations upon those certificates and ratings.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.213"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.213</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Eligibility requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) To be eligible for a ground instructor certificate or rating a person must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Be at least 18 years of age;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Be able to read, write, speak, and understand the English language. If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons, then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant's ground instructor certificate as are necessary;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, pass a knowledge test on the fundamentals of instructing to include—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) The learning process;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Elements of effective teaching;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Student evaluation and testing;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Course development;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(v) Lesson planning; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(vi) Classroom training techniques.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Pass a knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas in—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) For a basic ground instructor rating §§ 61.97, 61.105, and 61.309;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) For an advanced ground instructor rating §§ 61.97, 61.105, 61.125, 61.155, and 61.309; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) For an instrument ground instructor rating, § 61.65.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) The knowledge test specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this section is not required if the applicant:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Holds a ground instructor certificate or flight instructor certificate issued under this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Holds a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality that authorizes the person to teach at an educational level of the 7th grade or higher; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Is employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.215"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.215</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Ground instructor privileges.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A person who holds a basic ground instructor rating is authorized to provide—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Ground training in the aeronautical knowledge areas required for the issuance of a sport pilot certificate, recreational pilot certificate, private pilot certificate, or associated ratings under this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Ground training required for a sport pilot, recreational pilot, and private pilot flight review; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A recommendation for a knowledge test required for the issuance of a sport pilot certificate, recreational pilot certificate, or private pilot certificate under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A person who holds an advanced ground instructor rating is authorized to provide:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Ground training on the aeronautical knowledge areas required for the issuance of any certificate or rating under this part except for the aeronautical knowledge areas required for an instrument rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The ground training required for any flight review except for the training required for an instrument rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A recommendation for a knowledge test required for the issuance of any certificate or rating under this part except for an instrument rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A person who holds an instrument ground instructor rating is authorized to provide:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Ground training in the aeronautical knowledge areas required for the issuance of an instrument rating under this part;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Ground training required for an instrument proficiency check; and | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">490</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(3) A recommendation for a knowledge test required for the issuance of an instrument rating under this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) A person who holds a ground instructor certificate is authorized, within the limitations of the ratings on the ground instructor certificate, to endorse the logbook or other training record of a person to whom the holder has provided the training or recommendation specified in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, as amended by Amdt. 61-110, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.217"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.217</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Recent experience requirements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">The holder of a ground instructor certificate may not perform the duties of a ground instructor unless the person can show that one of the following occurred during the preceding 12 calendar months:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Employment or activity as a ground instructor giving pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor training;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Employment or activity as a flight instructor giving pilot, flight instructor, or ground instructor ground or flight training;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Completion of an approved flight instructor refresher course and receipt of a graduation certificate for that course; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) An endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that the person has demonstrated knowledge in the subject areas prescribed under § 61.213(a)(3) and (a)(4), as appropriate.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2006-26661, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart J—Sport Pilots</span> | |
| <span class="SOURCE SUBPART-SOURCE"> | |
| <span class="HD SOURCE-HED">Source:</span> | |
| <span class="AUTH-SOURCE-P">Docket No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, unless otherwise noted.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.301"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.301</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What is the purpose of this subpart and to whom does it apply?</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) This subpart prescribes the following requirements that apply to a sport pilot certificate:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Eligibility.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Aeronautical experience.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Endorsements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Privileges and limits.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Other provisions of this part apply to the logging of flight time and testing.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) This subpart applies to applicants for, and holders of, sport pilot certificates. It also applies to holders of recreational pilot certificates and higher, as provided in § 61.303.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.303"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.303</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">If I want to operate a light-sport aircraft, what operating limits and endorsement requirements in this subpart must I comply with?</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Use the following table to determine what operating limits and endorsement requirements in this subpart, if any, apply to you when you operate a light-sport aircraft. The medical certificate specified in this table must be in compliance with § 61.2 in regards to currency and validity. If you hold a recreational pilot certificate, but not a medical certificate, you must comply with cross country requirements in § 61.101 (c), even if your flight does not exceed 50 nautical miles from your departure airport. You must also comply with requirements in other subparts of this part that apply to your certificate and the operation you conduct.</span> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" class="GPOTABLE"> | |
| <tr><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">If you hold</th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">And you hold</th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">Then you may operate</th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">And</th></tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) A medical certificate</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) A sport pilot certificate,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(A) Any light-sport aircraft for which you hold the endorsements required for its category and class</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) You must hold any other endorsements required by this subpart, and comply with the limitations in § 61.315.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(ii) At least a recreational pilot certificate with a category and class rating,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(A) Any light-sport aircraft in that category and class,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) You do not have to hold any of the endorsements required by this subpart, nor do you have to comply with the limitations in § 61.315.</td> | |
| </tr><tr class="TRPRTPAGE"><td class="TDPRTPAGE" colspan="4"><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">491</span></div></div></div></td></tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) At least a recreational pilot certificate but not a rating for the category and class of light sport aircraft you operate,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(A) That light-sport aircraft, only if you hold the endorsements required in § 61.321 for its category and class,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) You must comply with the limitations in § 61.315, except § 61.315(c)(14) and, if a private pilot or higher, § 61.315(c)(7).</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(2) Only a U.S. driver's license</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) A sport pilot certificate,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(A) Any light-sport aircraft for which you hold the endorsements required for its category and class.</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) You must hold any other endorsements required by this subpart, and comply with the limitations in § 61.315.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(ii) At least a recreational pilot certificate with a category and class rating,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(A) Any light-sport aircraft in that category and class,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) You do not have to hold any of the endorsements required by this subpart, but you must comply with the limitations in § 61.315.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) At least a recreational pilot certificate but not a rating for the category and class of light-sport aircraft you operate,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(A) That light-sport aircraft, only if you hold the endorsements required in § 61.321 for its category and class,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) You must comply with the limitations in § 61.315, except § 61.315(c)(14) and, if a private pilot or higher, § 61.315(c)(7).</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(3) Neither a medical certificate nor a U.S. driver's license</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) A sport pilot certificate,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(A) Any light-sport glider or balloon for which you hold the endorsements required for its category and class</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) You must hold any other endorsements required by this subpart, and comply with the limitations in § 61.315.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(ii) At least a private pilot certificate with a category and class rating for glider or balloon,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(A) Any light-sport glider or balloon in that category and class</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) You do not have to hold any of the endorsements required by this subpart, nor do you have to comply with the limitations in § 61.315.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) At least a private pilot certificate but not a rating for glider or balloon,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(A) Any light-sport glider or balloon, only if you hold the endorsements required in § 61.321 for its category and class</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(<span class="E-03">1</span>) You must comply with the limitations in § 61.315, except § 61.315(c)(14) and, if a private pilot or higher, § 61.315(c)(7).</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A person using a U.S. driver's license to meet the requirements of this paragraph must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Comply with each restriction and limitation imposed by that person's U.S. driver's license and any judicial or administrative order applying to the operation of a motor vehicle;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Have been found eligible for the issuance of at least a third-class airman medical certificate at the time of his or her most recent application (if the person has applied for a medical certificate);</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Not have had his or her most recently issued medical certificate (if the person has held a medical certificate) suspended or revoked or most recent Authorization for a Special Issuance of a Medical Certificate withdrawn; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Not know or have reason to know of any medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a light-sport aircraft in a safe manner.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.305"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.305</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What are the age and language requirements for a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) To be eligible for a sport pilot certificate you must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Be at least 17 years old (or 16 years old if you are applying to operate a glider or balloon).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand English. If you cannot read, speak, write, and understand English because of medical reasons, the FAA may place limits on your certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of light-sport aircraft.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">492</span></div></div></div> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.307"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.307</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What tests do I have to take to obtain a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="P">To obtain a sport pilot certificate, you must pass the following tests:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Knowledge test.</span> You must pass a knowledge test on the applicable aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.309. Before you may take the knowledge test for a sport pilot certificate, you must receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who trained you or reviewed and evaluated your home-study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.309 certifying you are prepared for the test.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Practical test.</span> You must pass a practical test on the applicable areas of operation listed in §§ 61.309 and 61.311. Before you may take the practical test for a sport pilot certificate, you must receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided you with flight training on the areas of operation specified in §§ 61.309 and 61.311 in preparation for the practical test. This endorsement certifies that you meet the applicable aeronautical knowledge and experience requirements and are prepared for the practical test.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.309"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.309</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="P">To apply for a sport pilot certificate you must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor or complete a home-study course on the following aeronautical knowledge areas:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Applicable regulations of this chapter that relate to sport pilot privileges, limits, and flight operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Use of the applicable portions of the aeronautical information manual and FAA advisory circulars.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage, dead reckoning, and navigation systems, as appropriate.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, windshear avoidance, and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) Safe and efficient operation of aircraft, including collision avoidance, and recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) Weight and balance computations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Principles of aerodynamics, powerplants, and aircraft systems.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques, as applicable.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) Aeronautical decision making and risk management.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(l) Preflight actions that include—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) How to get information on runway lengths at airports of intended use, data on takeoff and landing distances, weather reports and forecasts, and fuel requirements; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) How to plan for alternatives if the planned flight cannot be completed or if you encounter delays.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.311"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.311</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="P">To apply for a sport pilot certificate you must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the following areas of operation, as appropriate, for airplane single-engine land or sea, glider, gyroplane, airship, balloon, powered parachute land or sea, and weight-shift-control aircraft land or sea privileges:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Preflight preparation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Preflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Airport, seaplane base, and gliderport operations, as applicable.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Takeoffs (or launches), landings, and go-arounds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Performance maneuvers, and for gliders, performance speeds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) Ground reference maneuvers (not applicable to gliders and balloons).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) Soaring techniques (applicable only to gliders).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) Navigation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Slow flight (not applicable to lighter-than-air aircraft and powered parachutes).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) Stalls (not applicable to lighter-than-air aircraft, gyroplanes, and powered parachutes). | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">493</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(k) Emergency operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(l) Post-flight procedures.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.313"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.313</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="P">Use the following table to determine the aeronautical experience you must have to apply for a sport pilot certificate:</span> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" class="GPOTABLE"> | |
| <tr><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">If you are applying for a sport pilot certificate with . . .</th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">Then you must log at least . . .</th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">Which must include at least . . .</th></tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(a) Airplane category and single-engine land or sea class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 20 hours of flight time, including at least 15 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor in a single-engine airplane and at least 5 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.311,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 2 hours of cross-country flight training, (ii) 10 takeoffs and landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport, (iii) One solo cross-country flight of at least 75 nautical miles total distance, with a full-stop landing at a minimum of two points and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 25 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations, and (iv) 2 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor on those areas of operation specified in § 61.311 in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(b) Glider category privileges, and you have not logged at least 20 hours of flight time in a heavier-than-air aircraft,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 10 hours of flight time in a glider, including 10 flights in a glider receiving flight training from an authorized instructor and at least 2 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.311,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) Five solo launches and landings, and (ii) at least 3 training flights with an authorized instructor on those areas of operation specified in § 61.311 in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(c) Glider category privileges, and you have logged 20 hours flight time in a heavier-than-air aircraft,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 3 hours of flight time in a glider, including five flights in a glider while receiving flight training from an authorized instructor and at least 1 hour of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.311,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) Three solo launches and landings, and (ii) at least 3 training flights with an authorized instructor on those areas of operation specified in § 61.311 in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(d) Rotorcraft category and gyroplane class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 20 hours of flight time, including 15 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor in a gyroplane and at least 5 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.311,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 2 hours of cross-country flight training, (ii) 10 takeoffs and landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport, (iii) One solo cross-country flight of at least 50 nautical miles total distance, with a full-stop landing at a minimum of two points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 25 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations, and (iv) 2 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor on those areas of operation specified in § 61.311 in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(e) Lighter-than-air category and airship class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 20 hours of flight time, including 15 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor in an airship and at least 3 hours performing the duties of pilot in command in an airship with an authorized instructor in the areas of operation listed in § 61.311,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 2 hours of cross-country flight training, (ii) Three takeoffs and landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport, (iii) One cross-country flight of at least 25 nautical miles between the takeoff and landing locations, and (iv) 2 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor on those areas of operation specified in § 61.311 in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(f) Lighter-than-air category and balloon class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 7 hours of flight time in a balloon, including three flights with an authorized instructor and one flight performing the duties of pilot in command in a balloon with an authorized instructor in the areas of operation listed in § 61.311,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 2 hours of cross-country flight training, and (ii) 1 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor on those areas of operation specified in § 61.311 in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</td> | |
| </tr><tr class="TRPRTPAGE"><td class="TDPRTPAGE" colspan="3"><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">494</span></div></div></div></td></tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(g) Powered parachute category land or sea class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 12 hours of flight time in a powered parachute, including 10 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor in a powered parachute, and at least 2 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.311</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 1 hour of cross-country flight training, (ii) 20 takeoffs and landings to a full stop in a powered parachute with each landing involving flight in the traffic pattern at an airport; (iii) 10 solo takeoffs and landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport, (iv) One solo flight with a landing at a different airport and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 10 nautical miles between takeoff and landing locations, and (v) 1 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor on those areas of operation specified in § 61.311 in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(h) Weight-shift-control aircraft category land or sea class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 20 hours of light time, including 15 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor in a weight-shift-control aircraft and at least 5 hours of solo flight training in the areas of operation listed in § 61.311,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 2 hours of cross-country flight training, (ii) 10 takeoffs and landings to a full stop (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport, (iii) One solo cross-country flight of at least 50 nautical miles total distance, with a full-stop landing at a minimum of two points, and one segment of the flight consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 25 nautical miles between takeoff and landing locations, and (iv) 2 hours of flight training with an authorized instructor on those areas of operation specified in § 61.311 in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004; Amdt. 61-124A, 74 FR 53647, Oct. 20, 2009; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.315"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.315</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What are the privileges and limits of my sport pilot certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) If you hold a sport pilot certificate you may act as pilot in command of a light-sport aircraft, except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) You may share the operating expenses of a flight with a passenger, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenses, or aircraft rental fees. You must pay at least half the operating expenses of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) You may not act as pilot in command of a light-sport aircraft:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) That is carrying a passenger or property for compensation or hire.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For compensation or hire.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) In furtherance of a business.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) While carrying more than one passenger.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) At night.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) In Class A airspace.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(7) In Class B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower unless you have met the requirements specified in § 61.325.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(8) Outside the United States, unless you have prior authorization from the country in which you seek to operate. Your sport pilot certificate carries the limit “Holder does not meet ICAO requirements.” | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">495</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(9) To demonstrate the aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer if you are an aircraft salesperson.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(10) In a passenger-carrying airlift sponsored by a charitable organization.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(11) At an altitude of more than 10,000 feet MSL or 2,000 feet AGL, whichever is higher.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(12) When the flight or surface visibility is less than 3 statute miles.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(13) Without visual reference to the surface.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(14) If the aircraft:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Has a V<span class="E-52">H</span> greater than 87 knots CAS, unless you have met the requirements of § 61.327(b).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Has a V<span class="E-52">H</span> less than or equal to 87 knots CAS, unless you have met the requirements of § 61.327(a) or have logged flight time as pilot in command of an airplane with a V<span class="E-52">H</span> less than or equal to 87 knots CAS before April 2, 2010.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(15) Contrary to any operating limitation placed on the airworthiness certificate of the aircraft being flown.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(16) Contrary to any limit on your pilot certificate or airman medical certificate, or any other limit or endorsement from an authorized instructor.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(17) Contrary to any restriction or limitation on your U.S. driver's license or any restriction or limitation imposed by judicial or administrative order when using your driver's license to satisfy a requirement of this part.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(18) While towing any object.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(19) As a pilot flight crewmember on any aircraft for which more than one pilot is required by the type certificate of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is conducted.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5221, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.317"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.317</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Is my sport pilot certificate issued with aircraft category and class ratings?</span> | |
| <span class="P">Your sport pilot certificate does not list aircraft category and class ratings. When you successfully pass the practical test for a sport pilot certificate, regardless of the light-sport aircraft privileges you seek, the FAA will issue you a sport pilot certificate without any category and class ratings. The FAA will provide you with a logbook endorsement for the category and class of aircraft in which you are authorized to act as pilot in command.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44869, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.319"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.319</span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.321"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.321</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">How do I obtain privileges to operate an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft?</span> | |
| <span class="P">If you hold a sport pilot certificate and seek to operate an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft, you must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who trained you on the applicable aeronautical knowledge areas specified in § 61.309 and areas of operation specified in § 61.311. The endorsement certifies you have met the aeronautical knowledge and flight proficiency requirements for the additional light-sport aircraft privilege you seek;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Successfully complete a proficiency check from an authorized instructor other than the instructor who trained you on the aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation specified in §§ 61.309 and 61.311 for the additional light-sport aircraft privilege you seek;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Complete an application for those privileges on a form and in a manner acceptable to the FAA and present this application to the authorized instructor who conducted the proficiency check specified in paragraph (b) of this section; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Receive a logbook endorsement from the instructor who conducted the proficiency check specified in paragraph (b) of this section certifying you are proficient in the applicable areas of operation and aeronautical knowledge areas, and that you are authorized for the additional category and class light-sport aircraft privilege.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">496</span></div></div></div> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.323"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.323</span> | |
| <span class="RESERVED SECTION-RESERVED">[Reserved]</span><br /> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.325"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.325</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">How do I obtain privileges to operate a light-sport aircraft at an airport within, or in airspace within, Class B, C, and D airspace, or in other airspace with an airport having an operational control tower?</span> | |
| <span class="P">If you hold a sport pilot certificate and seek privileges to operate a light-sport aircraft in Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower, you must receive and log ground and flight training. The authorized instructor who provides this training must provide a logbook endorsement that certifies you are proficient in the following aeronautical knowledge areas and areas of operation:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) The use of radios, communications, navigation system/facilities, and radar services.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Operations at airports with an operating control tower to include three takeoffs and landings to a full stop, with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern, at an airport with an operating control tower.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Applicable flight rules of part 91 of this chapter for operations in Class B, C, and D airspace and air traffic control clearances.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.327"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.327</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Are there specific endorsement requirements to operate a light-sport aircraft based on V<span class="E-0732">H</span>?</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section, if you hold a sport pilot certificate and you seek to operate a light-sport aircraft that is an airplane with a V<span class="E-52">H</span> less than or equal to 87 knots CAS you must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in an airplane that has a V<span class="E-52">H</span> less than or equal to 87 knots CAS; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided the training specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section certifying that you are proficient in the operation of light-sport aircraft that is an airplane with a V<span class="E-52">H</span> less than or equal to 87 knots CAS.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) If you hold a sport pilot certificate and you seek to operate a light-sport aircraft that has a V<span class="E-52">H</span> greater than 87 knots CAS you must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft that has a V<span class="E-52">H</span> greater than 87 knots CAS; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided the training specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section certifying that you are proficient in the operation of light-sport aircraft with a V<span class="E-52">H</span> greater than 87 knots CAS.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) The training and endorsements required by paragraph (a) of this section are not required if you have logged flight time as pilot in command of an airplane with a V<span class="E-52">H</span> less than or equal to 87 knots CAS prior to April 2, 2010.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2007-29015, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SUBPART PART-SUBPART"> | |
| <span class="HD SUBPART-HED">Subpart K—Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating</span> | |
| <span class="SOURCE SUBPART-SOURCE"> | |
| <span class="HD SOURCE-HED">Source:</span> | |
| <span class="AUTH-SOURCE-P">Docket No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, unless otherwise noted.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.401"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.401</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What is the purpose of this subpart?</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) This part prescribes the following requirements that apply to a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Eligibility.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Aeronautical knowledge.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Flight proficiency.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Endorsements.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Privileges and limits.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Other provisions of this part apply to the logging of flight time and testing.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.403"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.403</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What are the age, language, and pilot certificate requirements for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="P">To be eligible for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating you must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Be at least 18 years old.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Be able to read, speak, write, and understand English. If you cannot read, speak, write, and understand English because of medical reasons, the FAA may place limits on your certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of light-sport aircraft.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">497</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Hold at least a sport pilot certificate with category and class ratings or privileges, as applicable, that are appropriate to the flight instructor privileges sought.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.405"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.405</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What tests do I have to take to obtain a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="P">To obtain a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating you must pass the following tests:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) <span class="E-03">Knowledge test.</span> Before you take a knowledge test, you must receive a logbook endorsement certifying you are prepared for the test from an authorized instructor who trained you or evaluated your home-study course on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in § 61.407. You must pass knowledge tests on—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The fundamentals of instructing listed in § 61.407(a), unless you meet the requirements of § 61.407(c); and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) The aeronautical knowledge areas for a sport pilot certificate applicable to the aircraft category and class for which flight instructor privileges are sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) <span class="E-03">Practical test.</span> (1) Before you take the practical test, you must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who provided you with flight training on the areas of operation specified in § 61.409 that apply to the category and class of aircraft privileges you seek. This endorsement certifies you meet the applicable aeronautical knowledge and experience requirements and are prepared for the practical test;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) If you are seeking privileges to provide instruction in an airplane or glider, receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor indicating that you are competent and possess instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures after you have received flight training in those training areas in an airplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certificated for spins;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) You must pass a practical test—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) On the areas of operation listed in § 61.409 that are appropriate to the category and class of aircraft privileges you seek;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) In an aircraft representative of the category and class of aircraft for the privileges you seek;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) In which you demonstrate that you are able to teach stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures if you are seeking privileges to provide instruction in an airplane or glider. If you have not failed a practical test based on deficiencies in your ability to demonstrate knowledge or skill in these areas and you provide the endorsement required by paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section, an examiner may accept the endorsement instead of the demonstration required by this paragraph. If you are taking a test because you previously failed a test based on not meeting the requirements of this paragraph, you must pass a practical test on stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery instructional competency and proficiency in the applicable category and class of aircraft that is certificated for spins.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.407"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.407</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this section you must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the fundamentals of instruction that includes:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The learning process.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Elements of effective teaching.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Student evaluation and testing.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Course development.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(5) Lesson planning.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(6) Classroom training techniques.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) You must receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the aeronautical knowledge areas applicable to a sport pilot certificate for the aircraft category and class in which you seek flight instructor privileges.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) You do not have to meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section if you—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Hold a flight instructor certificate or ground instructor certificate issued under this part; | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">498</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Hold a teacher's certificate issued by a State, county, city, or municipality; or</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Are employed as a teacher at an accredited college or university.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.409"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.409</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="P">You must receive and log ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the following areas of operation for the aircraft category and class in which you seek flight instructor privileges:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Technical subject areas.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Preflight preparation.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Preflight lesson on a maneuver to be performed in flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Preflight procedures.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Airport, seaplane base, and gliderport operations, as applicable.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) Takeoffs (or launches), landings, and go-arounds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) Fundamentals of flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) Performance maneuvers and for gliders, performance speeds.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Ground reference maneuvers (except for gliders and lighter-than-air).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(j) Soaring techniques.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(k) Slow flight (not applicable to lighter-than-air and powered parachutes).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(l) Stalls (not applicable to lighter-than-air, powered parachutes, and gyroplanes).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(m) Spins (applicable to airplanes and gliders).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(n) Emergency operations.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(o) Tumble entry and avoidance techniques (applicable to weight-shift-control aircraft).</span> | |
| <span class="P">(p) Post-flight procedures.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.411"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.411</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="P">Use the following table to determine the experience you must have for each aircraft category and class:</span> | |
| <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" class="GPOTABLE"> | |
| <tr><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">If you are applying for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot ratingfor . . . | |
| </th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">Then you must log at least . . .</th><th id="GPOHEADERS" class="CHED">Which must include at least . . .</th></tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(a) Airplane category and single-engine class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 150 hours of flight time as a pilot,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 100 hours of flight time as pilot in command in powered aircraft,<span class="LI ENT-LI">(ii) 50 hours of flight time in a single-engine airplane,</span> | |
| <span class="LI ENT-LI">(iii) 25 hours of cross-country flight time,</span> | |
| <span class="LI ENT-LI">(iv) 10 hours of cross-country flight time in a single-engine airplane, and</span> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(v) 15 hours of flight time as pilot in command in a single-engine airplane that is a light-sport aircraft.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(b) Glider category privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 25 hours of flight time as pilot in command in a glider, 100 flights in a glider, and 15 flights as pilot in command in a glider that is a light-sport aircraft, or<span class="LI ENT-LI">(2) 100 hours in heavier-than-air aircraft, 20 flights in a glider, and 15 flights as pilot in command in a glider that is a light-sport aircraft</span> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(c) Rotorcraft category and gyroplane class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 125 hours of flight time as a pilot,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 100 hours of flight time as pilot in command in powered aircraft,<span class="LI ENT-LI">(ii) 50 hours of flight time in a gyroplane,</span> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) 10 hours of cross-country flight time,</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iv) 3 hours of cross-country flight time in a gyroplane, and</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(v) 15 hours of flight time as pilot in command in a gyroplane that is a light-sport aircraft.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(d) Lighter-than-air category and airship class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 100 hours of flight time as a pilot,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 40 hours of flight time in an airship,<span class="LI ENT-LI">(ii) 20 hours of pilot in command time in an airship,</span> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) 10 hours of cross-country flight time,</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iv) 5 hours of cross-country flight time in an airship, and</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(v) 15 hours of flight time as pilot in command in an airship that is a light-sport aircraft.</td> | |
| </tr><tr class="TRPRTPAGE"><td class="TDPRTPAGE" colspan="3"><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">499</span></div></div></div></td></tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(e) Lighter-than-air category and balloon class privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 35 hours of flight time as pilot-in-command,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 20 hours of flight time in a balloon,<span class="LI ENT-LI">(ii) 10 flights in a balloon, and</span> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) 5 flights as pilot in command in a balloon that is a light-sport aircraft.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(f) Weight-shift-control aircraft category privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 150 hours of flight time as a pilot,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 100 hours of flight time as pilot in command in powered aircraft,<span class="LI ENT-LI">(ii) 50 hours of flight time in a weight-shift-control aircraft,</span> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) 25 hours of cross-country flight time,</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iv) 10 hours of cross-country flight time in a weight-shift-control aircraft, and</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(v) 15 hours of flight time as pilot in command in a weight-shift-control aircraft that is a light-sport aircraft.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT">(g) Powered-parachute category privileges,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(1) 100 hours of flight time as a pilot,</td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(i) 75 hours of flight time as pilot in command in powered aircraft,<span class="LI ENT-LI">(ii) 50 hours of flight time in a powered parachute,</span> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iii) 15 hours of cross-country flight time,</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(iv) 5 hours of cross-country flight time in a powered parachute, and</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr class="ROW"> | |
| <td class="ENT"> </td> | |
| <td class="ENT"></td> | |
| <td class="ENT">(v) 15 hours of flight time as pilot in command in a powered parachute that is a light-sport aircraft.</td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.413"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.413</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What are the privileges of my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="P">If you hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you are authorized, within the limits of your certificate and rating, to provide training and endorsements that are required for, and relate to—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) A student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) A sport pilot certificate;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) A flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) A powered parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) Sport pilot privileges;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) A flight review or operating privilege for a sport pilot;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) A practical test for a sport pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate with a powered parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft rating or a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) A knowledge test for a sport pilot certificate, a private pilot certificate with a powered parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft rating or a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) A proficiency check for an additional category or class privilege for a sport pilot certificate or a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.415"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.415</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What are the limits of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="P">If you hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you may only provide flight training in a light-sport aircraft and are subject to the following limits:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) You may not provide ground or flight training in any aircraft for which you do not hold:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) A sport pilot certificate with applicable category and class privileges or a pilot certificate with the applicable category and class rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Applicable category and class privileges for your flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) You may not provide ground or flight training for a private pilot certificate with a powered parachute or weight-shift-control aircraft rating unless you hold: | |
| </span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">500</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(1) At least a private pilot certificate with the applicable category and class rating; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Applicable category and class privileges for your flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) You may not conduct more than 8 hours of flight training in any 24-consecutive-hour period.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) You may not endorse a:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Student pilot's certificate or logbook for solo flight privileges, unless you have—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Given that student the flight training required for solo flight privileges required by this part; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Determined that the student is prepared to conduct the flight safely under known circumstances, subject to any limitations listed in the student's logbook that you consider necessary for the safety of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Student pilot's certificate and logbook for a solo cross-country flight, unless you have determined the student's flight preparation, planning, equipment, and proposed procedures are adequate for the proposed flight under the existing conditions and within any limitations listed in the logbook that you consider necessary for the safety of the flight.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(3) Student pilot's certificate and logbook for solo flight in Class B, C, and D airspace areas, at an airport within Class B, C, or D airspace and to from, through or on an airport having an operational control tower, unless that you have—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Given that student ground and flight training in that airspace or at that airport; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Determined that the student is proficient to operate the aircraft safely.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(4) Logbook of a pilot for a flight review, unless you have conducted a review of that pilot in accordance with the requirements of § 61.56.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(e) You may not provide training to operate a light-sport aircraft in Class B, C, and D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower, unless you have the endorsement specified in § 61.325, or are otherwise authorized to conduct operations in this airspace and at these airports.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(f) You may not provide training in a light-sport aircraft that is an airplane with a V<span class="E-52">H</span> less than or equal to 87 knots CAS unless you have the endorsement specified in § 61.327 (a), or are otherwise authorized to operate that light-sport aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(g) You may not provide training in a light-sport aircraft with a V<span class="E-52">H</span> greater than 87 knots CAS unless you have the endorsement specified in § 61.327 (b), or are otherwise authorized to operate that light-sport aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(h) You must perform all training in an aircraft that complies with the requirements of § 91.109 of this chapter.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) If you provide flight training for a certificate, rating or privilege, you must provide that flight training in an aircraft that meets the following:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) The aircraft must have at least two pilot stations and be of the same category and class appropriate to the certificate, rating or privilege sought.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) For single place aircraft, pre-solo flight training must be provided in an aircraft that has two pilot stations and is of the same category and class appropriate to the certificate, rating, or privilege sought.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.417"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.417</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">Will my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating list aircraft category and class ratings?</span> | |
| <span class="P">Your flight instructor certificate does not list aircraft category and class ratings. When you successfully pass the practical test for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, regardless of the light-sport aircraft privileges you seek, the FAA will issue you a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating without any category and class ratings. The FAA will provide you with a logbook endorsement for the category and class of light-sport aircraft you are authorized to provide training in.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.419"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.419</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">How do I obtain privileges to provide training in an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft?</span> | |
| <span class="P">If you hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating and seek to provide training in an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft you must—</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">501</span></div></div></div> | |
| <span class="P">(a) Receive a logbook endorsement from the authorized instructor who trained you on the applicable areas of operation specified in § 61.409 certifying you have met the aeronautical knowledge and flight proficiency requirements for the additional category and class flight instructor privilege you seek;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Successfully complete a proficiency check from an authorized instructor other than the instructor who trained you on the areas specified in § 61.409 for the additional category and class flight instructor privilege you seek;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) Complete an application for those privileges on a form and in a manner acceptable to the FAA and present this application to the authorized instructor who conducted the proficiency check specified in paragraph (b) of this section; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(d) Receive a logbook endorsement from the instructor who conducted the proficiency check specified in paragraph (b) of this section certifying you are proficient in the areas of operation and authorized for the additional category and class flight instructor privilege.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.421"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.421</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">May I give myself an endorsement?</span> | |
| <span class="P">No. If you hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you may not give yourself an endorsement for any certificate, privilege, rating, flight review, authorization, practical test, knowledge test, or proficiency check required by this part.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.423"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.423</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What are the recordkeeping requirements for a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating?</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) As a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating you must:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Sign the logbook of each person to whom you have given flight training or ground training.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Keep a record of the name, date, and type of endorsement for:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(i) Each person whose logbook or student pilot certificate you have endorsed for solo flight privileges.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(ii) Each person for whom you have provided an endorsement for a knowledge test, practical test, or proficiency check, and the record must indicate the kind of test or check, and the results.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iii) Each person whose logbook you have endorsed as proficient to operate—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(A) An additional category or class of light-sport aircraft;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(B) In Class B, C, and D airspace; at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace; and to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower;</span> | |
| <span class="P">(C) A light-sport aircraft that is an airplane with a V<span class="E-52">H</span> less than or equal to 87 knots CAS; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(D) A light-sport aircraft with a V<span class="E-52">H</span> greater than 87 knots CAS.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(iv) Each person whose logbook you have endorsed as proficient to provide flight training in an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) Within 10 days after providing an endorsement for a person to operate or provide training in an additional category and class of light-sport aircraft you must—</span> | |
| <span class="P">(1) Complete, sign, and submit to the FAA the application presented to you to obtain those privileges; and</span> | |
| <span class="P">(2) Retain a copy of the form.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) You must keep the records listed in this section for 3 years. You may keep these records in a logbook or a separate document.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010; Amdt. 61-125A, 75 FR 15610, Mar. 30, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.425"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.425</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">How do I renew my flight instructor certificate?</span> | |
| <span class="P">If you hold a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating you may renew your certificate in accordance with the provisions of § 61.197.</span> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.427"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.427</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">What must I do if my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating expires?</span> | |
| <span class="P">You may exchange your expired flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating for a new certificate with a sport pilot rating and any other rating on that certificate by passing a practical test as prescribed in § 61.405(b) or § 61.183(h) for one of the ratings listed on the expired flight instructor certificate. The FAA will reinstate any privilege authorized by the expired certificate.</span><div class="PGHEAD"><div class="PRTPAGELN2"><div class="PRTPAGELN1"><span class="PGLABEL"><span class="PGHDRCOLLECTION">Code of Federal Regulations</span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRREFERENCE"> | |
| Title 14 - Aeronautics and Space </span><span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span> | |
| Vol. 2<span class="PGHDRDLIMIT"> / </span><span class="PGHDRDATE">2016-01-01</span></span><span class="PRTPAGE">502</span></div></div></div> | |
| </span> | |
| <span class="SECTION SUBPART-SECTION"> | |
| <a name="seqnum 61.429"></a><span class="SECTNO SECTION-SECTNO">§ 61.429</span> | |
| <span class="SUBJECT SECTION-SUBJECT">May I exercise the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating if I hold a flight instructor certificate with another rating?</span> | |
| <span class="P">If you hold a flight instructor certificate, a commercial pilot certificate with an airship rating, or a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating issued under this part, and you seek to exercise the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, you may do so without any further showing of proficiency, subject to the following limits:</span> | |
| <span class="P">(a) You are limited to the aircraft category and class ratings listed on your flight instructor certificate, commercial pilot certificate with an airship rating, or commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating, as appropriate, when exercising your flight instructor privileges and the privileges specified in § 61.413.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(b) You must comply with the limits specified in § 61.415 and the recordkeeping requirements of § 61.423.</span> | |
| <span class="P">(c) If you want to exercise the privileges of your flight instructor certificate in a category or class of light-sport aircraft for which you are not currently rated, you must meet all applicable requirements to provide training in an additional category or class of light-sport aircraft specified in § 61.419.</span> | |
| <table class="CITA">[Doc. No. FAA-2001-11133, 69 FR 44875, July 27, 2004, as amended by Amdt. 61-124, 74 FR 42562, Aug. 21, 2009; Amdt. 61-125, 75 FR 5222, Feb. 1, 2010]</table> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| </span> | |
| </span><div id="dotepub"><div id="status"><p>Conversion in progress...</p></div></div></body></html> |
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