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jhoenicke/remez.c

Created August 2, 2020 14:03
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Remez Algorithm to approximate arbitrary functions by low-level polynomials on a fixed interval
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remez.c
#include <math.h>
#include <gmp.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define DEBUG
/*#define MOREDEBUG*/
#define BITS 1000
#define DIGITS 30 //(BITS/3 - 5)
#define ROUND_COEFFS 48
#define RELATIVE_ERROR 0
#define ERROR_AT_LAST_IS_ZERO 1
char number[DIGITS+3];
mp_exp_t expt;
mpf_t PI_2;
mpf_t LN2;
#define FIRST_POLY 1
#define STEP_POLY 1
#define NUM_POLY 3
void newton(mpf_t m, void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t), void (*df) (mpf_t, mpf_t))
{
mpf_t tmp1, tmp2;
int retry;
mpf_init(tmp1);
mpf_init(tmp2);
for (retry = 0; retry < 4; retry++)
{
f(tmp1, m);
df(tmp2, m);
mpf_div(tmp1, tmp1, tmp2);
mpf_sub(m, m, tmp1);
}
}
void findzero(mpf_t m, mpf_t a, mpf_t b, void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t))
{
int retry;
int sign;
mpf_t val;
mpf_init(val);
f(val, b);
sign = (mpf_cmp_si(val, 0) > 0);
for (retry = 0; retry < BITS/10; retry++)
{
mpf_add(m, a, b);
mpf_div_ui(m, m, 2);
f(val, m);
if ((mpf_cmp_si(val, 0) > 0) ^ sign)
a = m;
else
b = m;
}
}
void find_all_zeros(mpf_t *roots, int n,
void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t), void (*df) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
mpf_t a, mpf_t b, mpf_t eps)
{
mpf_t tmp1, tmp2, tmp3;
int retry, i, j, done;
mpf_init(tmp1);
mpf_init(tmp2);
mpf_init(tmp3);
done = 0;
for (retry = 0; retry < 50 && !done; retry++)
{
done = 1;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
#if 0
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, roots[i]);
printf("%d: root %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
f(tmp1, roots[i]);
df(tmp2, roots[i]);
#if 0
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp1);
printf("%d: f %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp2);
printf("%d: df %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
mpf_div(tmp2, tmp2, tmp1);
#if 0
mpf_ui_div(tmp3, 1, tmp2);
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp3);
printf("%d: delta %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
if (i != j)
{
mpf_sub(tmp3, roots[i], roots[j]);
if (mpf_cmp_si(tmp3, 0) == 0)
{
mpf_set(tmp2, eps);
break;
}
mpf_ui_div(tmp3, 1, tmp3);
mpf_sub(tmp2, tmp2, tmp3);
#if STEP_POLY == 2
mpf_add(tmp3, roots[i], roots[j]);
mpf_ui_div(tmp3, 1, tmp3);
mpf_sub(tmp2, tmp2, tmp3);
#endif
}
}
#if FIRST_POLY > 1
mpf_ui_div(tmp3, FIRST_POLY-1, roots[i]);
mpf_sub(tmp2, tmp2, tmp3);
#endif
mpf_ui_div(tmp2, 1, tmp2);
mpf_abs(tmp3, tmp2);
if (mpf_cmp(tmp3, eps) > 0)
done = 0;
#if 0
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, roots[i]);
printf("%d: root %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
mpf_sub(roots[i], roots[i], tmp2);
#if 0
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, roots[i]);
printf("%d: root %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
if (mpf_cmp(roots[i], a) < 0)
mpf_set(roots[i], a);
if (mpf_cmp(roots[i], b) > 0)
mpf_set(roots[i], b);
}
}
if (done)
printf("Newton succeeds after %d iterations!\n", retry);
else
printf("Newton didn't succeed!\n");
{
int compare(const mpf_t *a, const mpf_t *b)
{
return mpf_cmp(*a, *b);
}
qsort(roots, n, sizeof(mpf_t),
(int (*) (const void*, const void*)) compare);
}
}
void approx(int n,
void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*T) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
mpf_t *xcof,
mpf_t *a, mpf_t error)
{
int i, j, k;
int swapR[n+1];
mpf_t M[n+1][n+1];
mpf_t b[n+1];
mpf_t fac, tmp, tmp2;
#ifdef MOREDEBUG
char number[DIGITS+3];
mp_exp_t expt;
#endif
mpf_init(fac);
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_init(tmp2);
/* build an equation system M*a = b */
/* Here a_0 is error, a_1...,a_{n+1} are the coefficients for poly */
/* The equation system M_ij is SUM a_j*T_j(xi) +/- a_{n+1} = f(xi) */
/* initialize b to the f(xi) */
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_init(b[i]);
f(b[i], xcof[i]);
}
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_init(M[i][n-j]);
T(M[i][n-j], j, xcof[i]);
}
j = 1;
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_t factor;
mpf_init(factor);
f(factor, xcof[i]);
mpf_add_ui(factor, factor, 1);
mpf_init_set_si(M[i][0], j);
mpf_mul(M[i][0], M[i][0], factor);
j = -j;
}
mpf_t t;
mpf_set_d(t, 1/65536.);
mpf_add(b[1], b[1], t);
//mpf_set_d(t, 1/65536.);
//mpf_add(b[3], b[3], t);
#if ERROR_AT_LAST_IS_ZERO
mpf_init_set_si(M[n][0], 0);
#endif
//mpf_init_set_si(M[1][0], 0);
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
swapR[i] = i;
#ifdef MOREDEBUG
printf("INITIAL EQUATION: \n");
for (k = 0; k <=n; k++)
{
for (j = 0; j <= n; j++)
{
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, M[swapR[k]][j]);
printf(" %*sE%2d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, b[swapR[k]]);
printf("= %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
#endif
/* Produce upper triangle matrix */
/* after this step M[swapR[i]][j] is an upper triangle */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
int best = i;
int t;
mpf_abs(tmp, M[swapR[i]][i]);
for (k = i+1; k <= n; k++)
{
mpf_abs(tmp2, M[swapR[k]][i]);
if (mpf_cmp(tmp2, tmp) > 0)
{
mpf_set(tmp, tmp2);
best = k;
}
}
#ifdef MOREDEBUG
printf("SELECTING %d (%d)\n", swapR[best], best);
#endif
t = swapR[i];
swapR[i] = swapR[best];
swapR[best] = t;
for (k = i+1; k <= n; k++)
{
mpf_div(fac, M[swapR[k]][i], M[swapR[i]][i]);
for (j = i; j <= n; j++)
{
mpf_mul(tmp, fac, M[swapR[i]][j]);
mpf_sub(M[swapR[k]][j], M[swapR[k]][j], tmp);
}
mpf_mul(tmp, fac, b[swapR[i]]);
mpf_sub(b[swapR[k]], b[swapR[k]], tmp);
}
#ifdef MOREDEBUG
printf("EQUATION step %d: \n", i);
for (k = 0; k <=n; k++)
{
for (j = 0; j <= n; j++)
{
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, M[swapR[k]][j]);
printf(" %*sE%2d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, b[swapR[k]]);
printf("= %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
#endif
}
for (i = n; i >= 0; i--)
{
for (j = n; j > i; j--)
{
mpf_mul(tmp, j==0 ? error : a[n-j], M[swapR[i]][j]);
mpf_sub(b[swapR[i]], b[swapR[i]], tmp);
}
mpf_div(tmp, b[swapR[i]], M[swapR[i]][i]);
if (i == 0)
mpf_set(error, tmp);
else
{
#if ROUND_COEFFS > 0
/* round to FixedPoint representable number */
mpf_mul_2exp(tmp, tmp, (ROUND_COEFFS - 16*(n-i)) + 1);
mpf_add_ui(tmp, tmp, 1);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, tmp, 2);
mpf_floor(tmp, tmp);
mpf_div_2exp(tmp, tmp, (ROUND_COEFFS - 16*(n-i)));
#endif
mpf_set(a[n-i], tmp);
}
}
mpf_abs(error, error);
}
void newX(mpf_t eps, int n, mpf_t a, mpf_t b,
void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*df) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*ddf) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*T) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
void (*dT) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
void (*ddT) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
mpf_t *xcof, mpf_t *acof, mpf_t error)
{
int i;
mpf_t nxcof[n];
mpf_t tmp, tmp1;
void fun(mpf_t r, mpf_t x)
{
int k;
mpf_t val;
mpf_init(val);
f(r, x);
for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
T(val, k, x);
mpf_mul(val, acof[k], val);
mpf_sub(r, r, val);
}
}
void dev(mpf_t r, mpf_t x)
{
int k;
mpf_t val;
mpf_init(val);
df(r, x);
for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
dT(val, k, x);
mpf_mul(val, acof[k], val);
mpf_sub(r, r, val);
}
}
void ddev(mpf_t r, mpf_t x)
{
int k;
mpf_t val;
mpf_init(val);
ddf(r, x);
for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
ddT(val, k, x);
mpf_mul(val, acof[k], val);
mpf_sub(r, r, val);
}
}
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_init(tmp1);
#if 1
find_all_zeros(xcof, n, dev, ddev, a, b, eps);
#else
if (useNewton)
{
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
mpf_init(nxcof[i]);
newton(xcof[i], dev, ddev);
}
}
else
{
mpf_t del;
mpf_t last;
mpf_t tmp2;
int sign, p;
mpf_init(del);
mpf_init(tmp2);
mpf_init(last);
mpf_sub(del, b, a);
mpf_div_ui(del, del, 1000);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, del, 10);
dev(tmp1, tmp);
sign = (mpf_cmp_si(tmp1, 0) > 0);
p = 0;
/* mpf_set(xcof[p], a); */
for (i = 10; i < 1000; i++)
{
/* char number[DIGITS+3]; */
/* mp_exp_t expt; */
mpf_set(last, tmp);
mpf_add(tmp, tmp, del);
/* mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp); */
/* printf("d'(%*sE%2d) = ", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt); */
dev(tmp1, tmp);
/* mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp1); */
/* printf("%*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt); */
if ((mpf_cmp_si(tmp1, 0) > 0) ^ sign) {
/* int signtmp; */
findzero(tmp1, last, tmp, dev);
/* fun(tmp2, tmp1); */
/* signtmp = mpf_cmp_si(tmp2, 0) > 0; */
/* fun(tmp2, xcof[p]); */
/* if (signtmp != (mpf_cmp_si(tmp2, 0) > 0)) */
/* p++; */
mpf_set(xcof[p++], tmp1);
sign ^=1;
}
}
while (p < n)
mpf_set(xcof[p++], b);
}
#endif
mpf_set_si(error, 0);
for (i=0; i< n; i++)
{
fun(tmp, xcof[i]);
mpf_abs(tmp, tmp);
if (mpf_cmp(tmp, error) > 0)
mpf_set(error, tmp);
}
}
void remez(int n, mpf_t a, mpf_t b, mpf_t eps,
void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*df) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*ddf) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*T) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
void (*dT) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
void (*ddT) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
mpf_t *xcof, mpf_t *acof)
{
int i, j;
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_t error, maxerror;
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_init(error);
mpf_init(maxerror);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf(" XCOF:");
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, xcof[i]);
printf(" %*sE%2d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
printf("\n");
#endif
for (j = 0; j < 100; j++)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("REMEZ iter %d: \n", j);
#endif
approx(n, f, T, xcof, acof, error);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf(" ACOF:");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
#if ROUND_COEFFS
mpf_mul_2exp(tmp, acof[i], ROUND_COEFFS - 16*i);
printf(" %ld", mpf_get_si(tmp));
#else
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, acof[i]);
printf(" %*sE%02d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
}
printf("\n");
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, error);
printf(" ERR: %*sE%02d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
newX(eps, n, a, b, f, df, ddf, T,dT,ddT, xcof, acof, maxerror);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf(" XCOF:");
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, xcof[i]);
printf(" %*sE%2d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
printf("\n");
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, maxerror);
printf("MAXERR: %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int) expt);
#endif
mpf_sub(tmp, maxerror, error);
mpf_div(tmp, tmp, maxerror);
if (mpf_cmp(tmp, eps) < 0)
break;
}
}
void poly(mpf_t r, int i, mpf_t x) {
i = STEP_POLY*i + FIRST_POLY;
mpf_set_ui(r, 1);
while (i-- > 0)
mpf_mul(r, r, x);
}
void dpoly(mpf_t r, int i, mpf_t x) {
i = STEP_POLY*i + FIRST_POLY;
mpf_set_ui(r, i);
i--;
while (i-- > 0)
mpf_mul(r, r, x);
}
void ddpoly(mpf_t r, int i, mpf_t x) {
i = STEP_POLY*i + FIRST_POLY;
mpf_set_ui(r, i * (i-1));
i -= 2;
while (i-- > 0)
mpf_mul(r, r, x);
}
void mpf_sin(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w, p;
int i;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_init(p);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_set(p, x);
mpf_set(r, p);
for (i=3; i< 40; i+=2)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, w);
mpf_div_ui(p, p,i*(i-1));
mpf_neg(p, p);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
}
}
void loghelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
/* compute ln (1+x) - ln (1-x) - 2x */
mpf_t w, p,q;
int i;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_init(p);
mpf_init(q);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul_ui(p, x,2);
mpf_set_ui(r, 0);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
for (i=3; i< 800; i+=2)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, w);
mpf_div_ui(q, p, i);
mpf_add(r, r, q);
}
}
void mpf_log(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t p, q;
int i;
mpf_init(p);
mpf_init(q);
mpf_add_ui(p, x, 1);
mpf_sub_ui(q, x, 1);
mpf_div(p, p, q);
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, p);
printf("p: %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
// p = (x+1)/(x-1)
loghelp(r, p);
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, r);
printf("r: %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
// r = ln((1+p) / (1-p)) - 2p
// r = ln(x) - 2p
mpf_mul_ui(p, p, 2);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
}
void dloghelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_mul(r, x, x);
mpf_ui_sub(r, 1, r);
mpf_ui_div(r, 2, r);
//mpf_sub_ui(r, r, 2);
}
void ddloghelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_mul(r, x, x);
mpf_ui_sub(r, 1, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, r);
mpf_div(r, x, r);
mpf_mul_ui(r, r, 4);
}
void mpf_cos(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w, p;
int i;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_init(p);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_set_si(p, 1);
mpf_set(r, p);
for (i=2; i< 40; i+=2)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, w);
mpf_div_ui(p, p, i*(i-1));
mpf_neg(p,p);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
}
}
void mpf_exp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t p;
int i;
mpf_init(p);
mpf_set_si(p, 1);
mpf_set(r, p);
for (i=1; i< 1000; i++)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, x);
mpf_div_ui(p, p, i);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
}
}
void mpf_atan(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w, p, tmp;
int i;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_init(p);
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_set(p, x);
mpf_set(r, p);
for (i=3; i< 80; i+=2)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, w);
mpf_neg(p,p);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, p, i);
mpf_add(r, r, tmp);
}
}
void c(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 1048576);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, 0);
/* mpf_div_ui(w, w, 1024); */
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_cos(r, r);
mpf_sub_ui(r, r, 1);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void dc(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, x);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 1048576);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, (0)*8);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_sin(r, r);
mpf_neg(r, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void ddc(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 1048576);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, (0)*8*7);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_cos(r, r);
mpf_neg(r, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void s(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, x);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 8192*4);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, 5);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_sin(r, r);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
mpf_set_d(w, 4.6566128730773e-10/2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void ds(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 8192*4);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, 9*5);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_cos(r, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void dds(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_div(w, w, x);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 8192*4);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, 9*8*5);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_sin(r, r);
mpf_neg(r, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void at(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_atan(r, x);
mpf_div(r, r, PI_2);
}
void dat(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_mul(r, x, x);
mpf_add_ui(r, r, 1);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_ui_div(r, 1, r);
}
void ddat(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_add_ui(w, w, 1);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, PI_2);
mpf_div(r, x, w);
mpf_mul_ui(r, r, 2);
mpf_neg(r, r);
}
void sn(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_sin(r, x);
}
void dsn(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_cos(r, x);
}
void ddsn(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_sin(r, x);
mpf_neg(r, r);
}
void exphelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
/* x*(e+1)/(e-1) - 2 */
mpf_t e, t, xln2;
mpf_init(e);
mpf_init(t);
mpf_exp(e, x);
mpf_sub_ui(t, e, 1);
mpf_add_ui(e, e, 1);
mpf_mul(e, e, x);
mpf_div(t, e, t);
mpf_sub_ui(r, t, 2);
}
void dexphelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
/* (ee - 2xe - 1)/(e-1)^2 */
if (mpf_sgn(x) == 0) {
mpf_set_ui(r, 0);
return;
}
mpf_t e, n, xln2;
mpf_init(e);
mpf_init(n);
mpf_exp(e, x);
mpf_sub_ui(n, e, 1);
mpf_mul(n, n, n);
mpf_mul_ui(r, x, 2);
mpf_sub(r, e, r);
mpf_mul(r, e, r);
mpf_sub_ui(r, r, 1);
mpf_div(r, r, n);
}
void ddexphelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
/* 2e (-2e + xe + 2 + x) / (e-1)^3 */
if (mpf_sgn(x) == 0) {
mpf_set_ui(r, 2);
mpf_div_ui(r, r, 3);
return;
}
mpf_t e, n;
mpf_t xln2;
mpf_init(e);
mpf_init(n);
mpf_exp(e, x);
mpf_sub_ui(n, e, 1);
mpf_mul(r, n, n);
mpf_mul(n, r, n);
// n = (e-1)^3
mpf_mul(r, e, x);
mpf_add_ui(r, r, 2);
// r = xe + 2
mpf_add(r, r, x);
// r = xe + 2 + x
mpf_add(e, e, e);
// e = 2e
mpf_sub(r, r, e);
mpf_mul(r, r, e);
mpf_div(r, r, n);
}
void exphelp2(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t xln2;
mpf_init(xln2);
mpf_mul(xln2, x, LN2);
exphelp(r, xln2);
mpf_div(r, r, LN2);
}
void dexphelp2(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t xln2;
mpf_init(xln2);
mpf_mul(xln2, x, LN2);
dexphelp(r, xln2);
}
void ddexphelp2(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t xln2;
mpf_init(xln2);
mpf_mul(xln2, x, LN2);
ddexphelp(r, xln2);
mpf_mul(r, r, LN2);
}
int main() {
int i, n = NUM_POLY;
mpf_t xcof[n+1];
mpf_t acof[n];
mpf_t a, b, eps, tmp;
mpf_set_default_prec(BITS);
mpf_init(PI_2);
mpf_set_str(PI_2, "1.57079632679489661923132169163975144209858469968755291048747229615390820314310", 10);
mpf_init(LN2);
{
mpf_t a;
mpf_init(a);
mpf_set_ui(LN2, 0);
mpf_set_ui(a, 1);
for (int n = 1; n < BITS; n++) {
mpf_div_ui(a, a, 2);
mpf_add(LN2, LN2, a);
mpf_mul_ui(a, a, n);
mpf_div_ui(a, a, n+1);
}
}
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, LN2);
printf("LN2: %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
mpf_init(xcof[i]);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
mpf_init(acof[i]);
mpf_init(eps);
mpf_init(a);
mpf_init(b);
mpf_init(tmp);
#if 0
mpf_set_d(a, -.01);
mpf_set_d(b, .34657359);
#endif
mpf_set_d(a, 0.0001);
mpf_set_d(b, 1);
mpf_set_d(eps, 1E-16);
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_mul_ui(xcof[i], b, i+1);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, a, n-i);
mpf_add(xcof[i], xcof[i], tmp);
mpf_div_ui(xcof[i], xcof[i], n+1);
}
/* mpf_set_d(xcof[0], .10); */
/* mpf_set_d(xcof[1], .2); */
/* mpf_set_d(xcof[2], .3); */
/* mpf_set(xcof[3], b); */
{
/*
void f(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
loghelp(r,x);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, tmp, 5);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, tmp, 16);
mpf_sub(r, r, tmp);
}
void df(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
dloghelp(r,x);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, tmp, 7*5);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, tmp, 16);
mpf_sub(r, r, tmp);
}
void ddf(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
ddloghelp(r,x);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, tmp, 7*6*5);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, tmp, 16);
mpf_sub(r, r,tmp);
}
*/
void f(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, LN2);
mpf_exp(r, tmp);
mpf_sub_ui(r, r, 1);
}
void df(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, LN2);
mpf_exp(r, tmp);
mpf_mul(r, r, LN2);
}
void ddf(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, LN2);
mpf_exp(r, tmp);
mpf_mul(r, r, LN2);
mpf_mul(r, r, LN2);
}
remez(n, a, b, eps,
f, df, ddf, poly, dpoly, ddpoly, xcof, acof);
}
return 0;
}
#include <math.h>
#include <gmp.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define DEBUG
/*#define MOREDEBUG*/
#define BITS 1000
#define DIGITS 30 //(BITS/3 - 5)
#define ROUND_COEFFS 48
#define RELATIVE_ERROR 0
#define ERROR_AT_LAST_IS_ZERO 1
char number[DIGITS+3];
mp_exp_t expt;
mpf_t PI_2;
mpf_t LN2;
#define FIRST_POLY 1
#define STEP_POLY 1
#define NUM_POLY 3
void newton(mpf_t m, void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t), void (*df) (mpf_t, mpf_t))
{
mpf_t tmp1, tmp2;
int retry;
mpf_init(tmp1);
mpf_init(tmp2);
for (retry = 0; retry < 4; retry++)
{
f(tmp1, m);
df(tmp2, m);
mpf_div(tmp1, tmp1, tmp2);
mpf_sub(m, m, tmp1);
}
}
void findzero(mpf_t m, mpf_t a, mpf_t b, void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t))
{
int retry;
int sign;
mpf_t val;
mpf_init(val);
f(val, b);
sign = (mpf_cmp_si(val, 0) > 0);
for (retry = 0; retry < BITS/10; retry++)
{
mpf_add(m, a, b);
mpf_div_ui(m, m, 2);
f(val, m);
if ((mpf_cmp_si(val, 0) > 0) ^ sign)
a = m;
else
b = m;
}
}
void find_all_zeros(mpf_t *roots, int n,
void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t), void (*df) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
mpf_t a, mpf_t b, mpf_t eps)
{
mpf_t tmp1, tmp2, tmp3;
int retry, i, j, done;
mpf_init(tmp1);
mpf_init(tmp2);
mpf_init(tmp3);
done = 0;
for (retry = 0; retry < 50 && !done; retry++)
{
done = 1;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
#if 0
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, roots[i]);
printf("%d: root %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
f(tmp1, roots[i]);
df(tmp2, roots[i]);
#if 0
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp1);
printf("%d: f %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp2);
printf("%d: df %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
mpf_div(tmp2, tmp2, tmp1);
#if 0
mpf_ui_div(tmp3, 1, tmp2);
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp3);
printf("%d: delta %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
if (i != j)
{
mpf_sub(tmp3, roots[i], roots[j]);
if (mpf_cmp_si(tmp3, 0) == 0)
{
mpf_set(tmp2, eps);
break;
}
mpf_ui_div(tmp3, 1, tmp3);
mpf_sub(tmp2, tmp2, tmp3);
#if STEP_POLY == 2
mpf_add(tmp3, roots[i], roots[j]);
mpf_ui_div(tmp3, 1, tmp3);
mpf_sub(tmp2, tmp2, tmp3);
#endif
}
}
#if FIRST_POLY > 1
mpf_ui_div(tmp3, FIRST_POLY-1, roots[i]);
mpf_sub(tmp2, tmp2, tmp3);
#endif
mpf_ui_div(tmp2, 1, tmp2);
mpf_abs(tmp3, tmp2);
if (mpf_cmp(tmp3, eps) > 0)
done = 0;
#if 0
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, roots[i]);
printf("%d: root %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
mpf_sub(roots[i], roots[i], tmp2);
#if 0
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, roots[i]);
printf("%d: root %*sE%2d\n", i, DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
if (mpf_cmp(roots[i], a) < 0)
mpf_set(roots[i], a);
if (mpf_cmp(roots[i], b) > 0)
mpf_set(roots[i], b);
}
}
if (done)
printf("Newton succeeds after %d iterations!\n", retry);
else
printf("Newton didn't succeed!\n");
{
int compare(const mpf_t *a, const mpf_t *b)
{
return mpf_cmp(*a, *b);
}
qsort(roots, n, sizeof(mpf_t),
(int (*) (const void*, const void*)) compare);
}
}
void approx(int n,
void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*T) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
mpf_t *xcof,
mpf_t *a, mpf_t error)
{
int i, j, k;
int swapR[n+1];
mpf_t M[n+1][n+1];
mpf_t b[n+1];
mpf_t fac, tmp, tmp2;
#ifdef MOREDEBUG
char number[DIGITS+3];
mp_exp_t expt;
#endif
mpf_init(fac);
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_init(tmp2);
/* build an equation system M*a = b */
/* Here a_0 is error, a_1...,a_{n+1} are the coefficients for poly */
/* The equation system M_ij is SUM a_j*T_j(xi) +/- a_{n+1} = f(xi) */
/* initialize b to the f(xi) */
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_init(b[i]);
f(b[i], xcof[i]);
}
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_init(M[i][n-j]);
T(M[i][n-j], j, xcof[i]);
}
j = 1;
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_t factor;
mpf_init(factor);
f(factor, xcof[i]);
mpf_add_ui(factor, factor, 1);
mpf_init_set_si(M[i][0], j);
mpf_mul(M[i][0], M[i][0], factor);
j = -j;
}
mpf_t t;
mpf_set_d(t, 1/65536.);
mpf_add(b[1], b[1], t);
//mpf_set_d(t, 1/65536.);
//mpf_add(b[3], b[3], t);
#if ERROR_AT_LAST_IS_ZERO
mpf_init_set_si(M[n][0], 0);
#endif
//mpf_init_set_si(M[1][0], 0);
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
swapR[i] = i;
#ifdef MOREDEBUG
printf("INITIAL EQUATION: \n");
for (k = 0; k <=n; k++)
{
for (j = 0; j <= n; j++)
{
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, M[swapR[k]][j]);
printf(" %*sE%2d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, b[swapR[k]]);
printf("= %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
#endif
/* Produce upper triangle matrix */
/* after this step M[swapR[i]][j] is an upper triangle */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
int best = i;
int t;
mpf_abs(tmp, M[swapR[i]][i]);
for (k = i+1; k <= n; k++)
{
mpf_abs(tmp2, M[swapR[k]][i]);
if (mpf_cmp(tmp2, tmp) > 0)
{
mpf_set(tmp, tmp2);
best = k;
}
}
#ifdef MOREDEBUG
printf("SELECTING %d (%d)\n", swapR[best], best);
#endif
t = swapR[i];
swapR[i] = swapR[best];
swapR[best] = t;
for (k = i+1; k <= n; k++)
{
mpf_div(fac, M[swapR[k]][i], M[swapR[i]][i]);
for (j = i; j <= n; j++)
{
mpf_mul(tmp, fac, M[swapR[i]][j]);
mpf_sub(M[swapR[k]][j], M[swapR[k]][j], tmp);
}
mpf_mul(tmp, fac, b[swapR[i]]);
mpf_sub(b[swapR[k]], b[swapR[k]], tmp);
}
#ifdef MOREDEBUG
printf("EQUATION step %d: \n", i);
for (k = 0; k <=n; k++)
{
for (j = 0; j <= n; j++)
{
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, M[swapR[k]][j]);
printf(" %*sE%2d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, b[swapR[k]]);
printf("= %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
#endif
}
for (i = n; i >= 0; i--)
{
for (j = n; j > i; j--)
{
mpf_mul(tmp, j==0 ? error : a[n-j], M[swapR[i]][j]);
mpf_sub(b[swapR[i]], b[swapR[i]], tmp);
}
mpf_div(tmp, b[swapR[i]], M[swapR[i]][i]);
if (i == 0)
mpf_set(error, tmp);
else
{
#if ROUND_COEFFS > 0
/* round to FixedPoint representable number */
mpf_mul_2exp(tmp, tmp, (ROUND_COEFFS - 16*(n-i)) + 1);
mpf_add_ui(tmp, tmp, 1);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, tmp, 2);
mpf_floor(tmp, tmp);
mpf_div_2exp(tmp, tmp, (ROUND_COEFFS - 16*(n-i)));
#endif
mpf_set(a[n-i], tmp);
}
}
mpf_abs(error, error);
}
void newX(mpf_t eps, int n, mpf_t a, mpf_t b,
void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*df) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*ddf) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*T) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
void (*dT) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
void (*ddT) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
mpf_t *xcof, mpf_t *acof, mpf_t error)
{
int i;
mpf_t nxcof[n];
mpf_t tmp, tmp1;
void fun(mpf_t r, mpf_t x)
{
int k;
mpf_t val;
mpf_init(val);
f(r, x);
for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
T(val, k, x);
mpf_mul(val, acof[k], val);
mpf_sub(r, r, val);
}
}
void dev(mpf_t r, mpf_t x)
{
int k;
mpf_t val;
mpf_init(val);
df(r, x);
for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
dT(val, k, x);
mpf_mul(val, acof[k], val);
mpf_sub(r, r, val);
}
}
void ddev(mpf_t r, mpf_t x)
{
int k;
mpf_t val;
mpf_init(val);
ddf(r, x);
for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
{
ddT(val, k, x);
mpf_mul(val, acof[k], val);
mpf_sub(r, r, val);
}
}
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_init(tmp1);
#if 1
find_all_zeros(xcof, n, dev, ddev, a, b, eps);
#else
if (useNewton)
{
for (i=0; i<n; i++)
{
mpf_init(nxcof[i]);
newton(xcof[i], dev, ddev);
}
}
else
{
mpf_t del;
mpf_t last;
mpf_t tmp2;
int sign, p;
mpf_init(del);
mpf_init(tmp2);
mpf_init(last);
mpf_sub(del, b, a);
mpf_div_ui(del, del, 1000);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, del, 10);
dev(tmp1, tmp);
sign = (mpf_cmp_si(tmp1, 0) > 0);
p = 0;
/* mpf_set(xcof[p], a); */
for (i = 10; i < 1000; i++)
{
/* char number[DIGITS+3]; */
/* mp_exp_t expt; */
mpf_set(last, tmp);
mpf_add(tmp, tmp, del);
/* mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp); */
/* printf("d'(%*sE%2d) = ", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt); */
dev(tmp1, tmp);
/* mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, tmp1); */
/* printf("%*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt); */
if ((mpf_cmp_si(tmp1, 0) > 0) ^ sign) {
/* int signtmp; */
findzero(tmp1, last, tmp, dev);
/* fun(tmp2, tmp1); */
/* signtmp = mpf_cmp_si(tmp2, 0) > 0; */
/* fun(tmp2, xcof[p]); */
/* if (signtmp != (mpf_cmp_si(tmp2, 0) > 0)) */
/* p++; */
mpf_set(xcof[p++], tmp1);
sign ^=1;
}
}
while (p < n)
mpf_set(xcof[p++], b);
}
#endif
mpf_set_si(error, 0);
for (i=0; i< n; i++)
{
fun(tmp, xcof[i]);
mpf_abs(tmp, tmp);
if (mpf_cmp(tmp, error) > 0)
mpf_set(error, tmp);
}
}
void remez(int n, mpf_t a, mpf_t b, mpf_t eps,
void (*f) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*df) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*ddf) (mpf_t, mpf_t),
void (*T) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
void (*dT) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
void (*ddT) (mpf_t, int, mpf_t),
mpf_t *xcof, mpf_t *acof)
{
int i, j;
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_t error, maxerror;
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_init(error);
mpf_init(maxerror);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf(" XCOF:");
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, xcof[i]);
printf(" %*sE%2d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
printf("\n");
#endif
for (j = 0; j < 100; j++)
{
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("REMEZ iter %d: \n", j);
#endif
approx(n, f, T, xcof, acof, error);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf(" ACOF:");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
#if ROUND_COEFFS
mpf_mul_2exp(tmp, acof[i], ROUND_COEFFS - 16*i);
printf(" %ld", mpf_get_si(tmp));
#else
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, acof[i]);
printf(" %*sE%02d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
}
printf("\n");
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, error);
printf(" ERR: %*sE%02d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
#endif
newX(eps, n, a, b, f, df, ddf, T,dT,ddT, xcof, acof, maxerror);
#ifdef DEBUG
printf(" XCOF:");
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, xcof[i]);
printf(" %*sE%2d", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
}
printf("\n");
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, maxerror);
printf("MAXERR: %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int) expt);
#endif
mpf_sub(tmp, maxerror, error);
mpf_div(tmp, tmp, maxerror);
if (mpf_cmp(tmp, eps) < 0)
break;
}
}
void poly(mpf_t r, int i, mpf_t x) {
i = STEP_POLY*i + FIRST_POLY;
mpf_set_ui(r, 1);
while (i-- > 0)
mpf_mul(r, r, x);
}
void dpoly(mpf_t r, int i, mpf_t x) {
i = STEP_POLY*i + FIRST_POLY;
mpf_set_ui(r, i);
i--;
while (i-- > 0)
mpf_mul(r, r, x);
}
void ddpoly(mpf_t r, int i, mpf_t x) {
i = STEP_POLY*i + FIRST_POLY;
mpf_set_ui(r, i * (i-1));
i -= 2;
while (i-- > 0)
mpf_mul(r, r, x);
}
void mpf_sin(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w, p;
int i;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_init(p);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_set(p, x);
mpf_set(r, p);
for (i=3; i< 40; i+=2)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, w);
mpf_div_ui(p, p,i*(i-1));
mpf_neg(p, p);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
}
}
void loghelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
/* compute ln (1+x) - ln (1-x) - 2x */
mpf_t w, p,q;
int i;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_init(p);
mpf_init(q);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul_ui(p, x,2);
mpf_set_ui(r, 0);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
for (i=3; i< 800; i+=2)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, w);
mpf_div_ui(q, p, i);
mpf_add(r, r, q);
}
}
void mpf_log(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t p, q;
int i;
mpf_init(p);
mpf_init(q);
mpf_add_ui(p, x, 1);
mpf_sub_ui(q, x, 1);
mpf_div(p, p, q);
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, p);
printf("p: %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
// p = (x+1)/(x-1)
loghelp(r, p);
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, r);
printf("r: %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
// r = ln((1+p) / (1-p)) - 2p
// r = ln(x) - 2p
mpf_mul_ui(p, p, 2);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
}
void dloghelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_mul(r, x, x);
mpf_ui_sub(r, 1, r);
mpf_ui_div(r, 2, r);
//mpf_sub_ui(r, r, 2);
}
void ddloghelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_mul(r, x, x);
mpf_ui_sub(r, 1, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, r);
mpf_div(r, x, r);
mpf_mul_ui(r, r, 4);
}
void mpf_cos(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w, p;
int i;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_init(p);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_set_si(p, 1);
mpf_set(r, p);
for (i=2; i< 40; i+=2)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, w);
mpf_div_ui(p, p, i*(i-1));
mpf_neg(p,p);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
}
}
void mpf_exp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t p;
int i;
mpf_init(p);
mpf_set_si(p, 1);
mpf_set(r, p);
for (i=1; i< 1000; i++)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, x);
mpf_div_ui(p, p, i);
mpf_add(r, r, p);
}
}
void mpf_atan(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w, p, tmp;
int i;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_init(p);
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_set(p, x);
mpf_set(r, p);
for (i=3; i< 80; i+=2)
{
mpf_mul(p, p, w);
mpf_neg(p,p);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, p, i);
mpf_add(r, r, tmp);
}
}
void c(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 1048576);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, 0);
/* mpf_div_ui(w, w, 1024); */
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_cos(r, r);
mpf_sub_ui(r, r, 1);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void dc(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, x);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 1048576);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, (0)*8);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_sin(r, r);
mpf_neg(r, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void ddc(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 1048576);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, (0)*8*7);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_cos(r, r);
mpf_neg(r, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void s(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, x);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 8192*4);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, 5);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_sin(r, r);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
mpf_set_d(w, 4.6566128730773e-10/2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void ds(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 8192*4);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, 9*5);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_cos(r, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void dds(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_div(w, w, x);
mpf_div_ui(w, w, 8192*4);
mpf_mul_ui(w, w, 9*8*5);
mpf_mul(r, x, PI_2);
mpf_sin(r, r);
mpf_neg(r, r);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_sub(r, r, w);
}
void at(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_atan(r, x);
mpf_div(r, r, PI_2);
}
void dat(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_mul(r, x, x);
mpf_add_ui(r, r, 1);
mpf_mul(r, r, PI_2);
mpf_ui_div(r, 1, r);
}
void ddat(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t w;
mpf_init(w);
mpf_mul(w, x, x);
mpf_add_ui(w, w, 1);
mpf_mul(w, w, w);
mpf_mul(w, w, PI_2);
mpf_div(r, x, w);
mpf_mul_ui(r, r, 2);
mpf_neg(r, r);
}
void sn(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_sin(r, x);
}
void dsn(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_cos(r, x);
}
void ddsn(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_sin(r, x);
mpf_neg(r, r);
}
void exphelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
/* x*(e+1)/(e-1) - 2 */
mpf_t e, t, xln2;
mpf_init(e);
mpf_init(t);
mpf_exp(e, x);
mpf_sub_ui(t, e, 1);
mpf_add_ui(e, e, 1);
mpf_mul(e, e, x);
mpf_div(t, e, t);
mpf_sub_ui(r, t, 2);
}
void dexphelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
/* (ee - 2xe - 1)/(e-1)^2 */
if (mpf_sgn(x) == 0) {
mpf_set_ui(r, 0);
return;
}
mpf_t e, n, xln2;
mpf_init(e);
mpf_init(n);
mpf_exp(e, x);
mpf_sub_ui(n, e, 1);
mpf_mul(n, n, n);
mpf_mul_ui(r, x, 2);
mpf_sub(r, e, r);
mpf_mul(r, e, r);
mpf_sub_ui(r, r, 1);
mpf_div(r, r, n);
}
void ddexphelp(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
/* 2e (-2e + xe + 2 + x) / (e-1)^3 */
if (mpf_sgn(x) == 0) {
mpf_set_ui(r, 2);
mpf_div_ui(r, r, 3);
return;
}
mpf_t e, n;
mpf_t xln2;
mpf_init(e);
mpf_init(n);
mpf_exp(e, x);
mpf_sub_ui(n, e, 1);
mpf_mul(r, n, n);
mpf_mul(n, r, n);
// n = (e-1)^3
mpf_mul(r, e, x);
mpf_add_ui(r, r, 2);
// r = xe + 2
mpf_add(r, r, x);
// r = xe + 2 + x
mpf_add(e, e, e);
// e = 2e
mpf_sub(r, r, e);
mpf_mul(r, r, e);
mpf_div(r, r, n);
}
void exphelp2(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t xln2;
mpf_init(xln2);
mpf_mul(xln2, x, LN2);
exphelp(r, xln2);
mpf_div(r, r, LN2);
}
void dexphelp2(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t xln2;
mpf_init(xln2);
mpf_mul(xln2, x, LN2);
dexphelp(r, xln2);
}
void ddexphelp2(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t xln2;
mpf_init(xln2);
mpf_mul(xln2, x, LN2);
ddexphelp(r, xln2);
mpf_mul(r, r, LN2);
}
int main() {
int i, n = NUM_POLY;
mpf_t xcof[n+1];
mpf_t acof[n];
mpf_t a, b, eps, tmp;
mpf_set_default_prec(BITS);
mpf_init(PI_2);
mpf_set_str(PI_2, "1.57079632679489661923132169163975144209858469968755291048747229615390820314310", 10);
mpf_init(LN2);
{
mpf_t a;
mpf_init(a);
mpf_set_ui(LN2, 0);
mpf_set_ui(a, 1);
for (int n = 1; n < BITS; n++) {
mpf_div_ui(a, a, 2);
mpf_add(LN2, LN2, a);
mpf_mul_ui(a, a, n);
mpf_div_ui(a, a, n+1);
}
}
mpf_get_str(number, &expt, 10, DIGITS, LN2);
printf("LN2: %*sE%2d\n", DIGITS+2, number, (int)expt);
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
mpf_init(xcof[i]);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
mpf_init(acof[i]);
mpf_init(eps);
mpf_init(a);
mpf_init(b);
mpf_init(tmp);
#if 0
mpf_set_d(a, -.01);
mpf_set_d(b, .34657359);
#endif
mpf_set_d(a, 0.0001);
mpf_set_d(b, 1);
mpf_set_d(eps, 1E-16);
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
mpf_mul_ui(xcof[i], b, i+1);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, a, n-i);
mpf_add(xcof[i], xcof[i], tmp);
mpf_div_ui(xcof[i], xcof[i], n+1);
}
/* mpf_set_d(xcof[0], .10); */
/* mpf_set_d(xcof[1], .2); */
/* mpf_set_d(xcof[2], .3); */
/* mpf_set(xcof[3], b); */
{
/*
void f(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
loghelp(r,x);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, tmp, 5);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, tmp, 16);
mpf_sub(r, r, tmp);
}
void df(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
dloghelp(r,x);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, tmp, 7*5);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, tmp, 16);
mpf_sub(r, r, tmp);
}
void ddf(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
ddloghelp(r,x);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, x);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, tmp, x);
mpf_mul_ui(tmp, tmp, 7*6*5);
mpf_div_ui(tmp, tmp, 16);
mpf_sub(r, r,tmp);
}
*/
void f(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, LN2);
mpf_exp(r, tmp);
mpf_sub_ui(r, r, 1);
}
void df(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, LN2);
mpf_exp(r, tmp);
mpf_mul(r, r, LN2);
}
void ddf(mpf_t r, mpf_t x) {
mpf_t tmp;
mpf_init(tmp);
mpf_mul(tmp, x, LN2);
mpf_exp(r, tmp);
mpf_mul(r, r, LN2);
mpf_mul(r, r, LN2);
}
remez(n, a, b, eps,
f, df, ddf, poly, dpoly, ddpoly, xcof, acof);
}
return 0;
}
@jhoenicke
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Compile with gcc remez.c -lgmp. Warning: this code is an undocumented mess and will break if you touch it too much.

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