jhyland87/ps.txt

## ps.txt

PS(1)			  BSD General Commands Manual			 PS(1)

NAME
     ps -- process status

SYNOPSIS
     ps [-AaCcEefhjlMmrSTvwXx] [-O fmt | -o fmt] [-G gid[,gid...]]
	[-g grp[,grp...]] [-u uid[,uid...]] [-p pid[,pid...]]
	[-t tty[,tty...]] [-U user[,user...]]
     ps [-L]

DESCRIPTION
     The ps utility displays a header line, followed by lines containing
     information about all of your processes that have controlling terminals.

     A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any
     combination of the -a, -G, -g, -p, -T, -t, -U, and -u options.  If more
     than one of these options are given, then ps will select all processes
     which are matched by at least one of the given options.

     For the processes which have been selected for display, ps will usually
     display one line per process.  The -M option may result in multiple out-
     put lines (one line per thread) for some processes.  By default all of
     these output lines are sorted first by controlling terminal, then by
     process ID.  The -m, -r, and -v options will change the sort order.  If
     more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes will
     be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified.

     For the processes which have been selected for display, the information
     to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the -L, -O, and -o
     options).	The default output format includes, for each process, the
     process' ID, controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and sys-
     tem time), state, and associated command.

     The options are as follows:

     -A      Display information about other users' processes, including those
	     without controlling terminals.

     -a      Display information about other users' processes as well as your
	     own.  This will skip any processes which do not have a control-
	     ling terminal, unless the -x option is also specified.

     -C      Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
	     ``raw'' CPU calculation that ignores ``resident'' time (this nor-
	     mally has no effect).

     -c      Change the ``command'' column output to just contain the exe-
	     cutable name, rather than the full command line.

     -d      Like -A, but excludes session leaders.

     -E      Display the environment as well.  This does not reflect changes
	     in the environment after process launch.

     -e      Identical to -A.

     -f      Display the uid, pid, parent pid, recent CPU usage, process start
	     time, controlling tty, elapsed CPU usage, and the associated com-
	     mand.  If the -u option is also used, display the user name
	     rather then the numeric uid.  When -o or -O is used to add to the
	     display following -f, the command field is not truncated as se-
	     verely as it is in other formats.

     -G      Display information about processes which are running with the
	     specified real group IDs.

     -g      Display information about processes with the specified process
	     group leaders.

     -h      Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee
	     one header per page of information.

     -j      Print information associated with the following keywords: user,
	     pid, ppid, pgid, sess, jobc, state, tt, time, and command.

     -L      List the set of keywords available for the -O and -o options.

     -l      Display information associated with the following keywords: uid,
	     pid, ppid, flags, cpu, pri, nice, vsz=SZ, rss, wchan, state=S,
	     paddr=ADDR, tty, time, and command=CMD.

     -M      Print the threads corresponding to each task.

     -m      Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling
	     terminal and process ID.

     -O      Add the information associated with the space or comma separated
	     list of keywords specified, after the process ID, in the default
	     information display.  Keywords may be appended with an equals
	     (`=') sign and a string.  This causes the printed header to use
	     the specified string instead of the standard header.

     -o      Display information associated with the space or comma separated
	     list of keywords specified.  Multiple keywords may also be given
	     in the form of more than one -o option.  Keywords may be appended
	     with an equals (`=') sign and a string.  This causes the printed
	     header to use the specified string instead of the standard
	     header.  If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line
	     is written.

     -p      Display information about processes which match the specified
	     process IDs.

     -r      Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of control-
	     ling terminal and process ID.

     -S      Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all
	     exited children to their parent process.

     -T      Display information about processes attached to the device asso-
	     ciated with the standard input.

     -t      Display information about processes attached to the specified
	     terminal devices.

     -U      Display the processes belonging to the specified real user IDs.

     -u      Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames.

     -v      Display information associated with the following keywords: pid,
	     state, time, sl, re, pagein, vsz, rss, lim, tsiz, %cpu, %mem, and
	     command.  The -v option implies the -m option.

     -w      Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default
	     which is your window size.  If the -w option is specified more
	     than once, ps will use as many columns as necessary without
	     regard for your window size.  When output is not to a terminal,
	     an unlimited number of columns are always used.

     -X      When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any pro-
	     cesses which do not have a controlling terminal.

     -x      When displaying processes matched by other options, include pro-
	     cesses which do not have a controlling terminal.  This is the
	     opposite of the -X option.  If both -X and -x are specified in
	     the same command, then ps will use the one which was specified
	     last.

     A complete list of the available keywords is given below.	Some of these
     keywords are further specified as follows:

     %cpu      The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average
	       over up to a minute of previous (real) time.  Because the time
	       base over which this is computed varies (some processes may be
	       very young), it is possible for the sum of all %cpu fields to
	       exceed 100%.

     %mem      The percentage of real memory used by this process.

     flags     The flags associated with the process as in the include file
	       <sys/proc.h>:

	       P_ADVLOCK	   0x00001	Process may hold a POSIX
						advisory lock
	       P_CONTROLT	   0x00002	Has a controlling terminal
	       P_LP64		   0x00004	Process is LP64
	       P_NOCLDSTOP	   0x00008	No SIGCHLD when children stop
	       P_PPWAIT 	   0x00010	Parent is waiting for child to
						exec/exit
	       P_PROFIL 	   0x00020	Has started profiling
	       P_SELECT 	   0x00040	Selecting; wakeup/waiting
						danger
	       P_CONTINUED	   0x00080	Process was stopped and
						continued
	       P_SUGID		   0x00100	Had set id privileges since
						last exec
	       P_SYSTEM 	   0x00200	System proc: no sigs, stats or
						swapping
	       P_TIMEOUT	   0x00400	Timing out during sleep
	       P_TRACED 	   0x00800	Debugged process being traced
	       P_WAITED 	   0x01000	Debugging process has waited
						for child
	       P_WEXIT		   0x02000	Working on exiting
	       P_EXEC		   0x04000	Process called exec
	       P_OWEUPC 	   0x08000	Owe process an addupc() call
						at next ast
	       P_WAITING	   0x40000	Process has a wait() in
						progress
	       P_KDEBUG 	   0x80000	  Kdebug tracing on for this
						process

     lim       The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
	       setrlimit(2).

     lstart    The exact time the command started, using the `%c' format
	       described in strftime(3).

     nice      The process scheduling increment (see setpriority(2)).

     rss       the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024
	       byte units).

     start     The time the command started.  If the command started less than
	       24 hours ago, the start time is displayed using the
	       ``%l:ps.1p'' format described in strftime(3).  If the command
	       started less than 7 days ago, the start time is displayed using
	       the ``%a6.15p'' format.	Otherwise, the start time is displayed
	       using the ``%e%b%y'' format.

     state     The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example,
	       ``RWNA''.  The first character indicates the run state of the
	       process:

	       I       Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than
		       about 20 seconds).
	       R       Marks a runnable process.
	       S       Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20
		       seconds.
	       T       Marks a stopped process.
	       U       Marks a process in uninterruptible wait.
	       Z       Marks a dead process (a ``zombie'').

	       Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional
	       state information:

	       +       The process is in the foreground process group of its
		       control terminal.
	       <       The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
	       >       The process has specified a soft limit on memory
		       requirements and is currently exceeding that limit;
		       such a process is (necessarily) not swapped.
	       A       the process has asked for random page replacement
		       (VA_ANOM, from vadvise(2), for example, lisp(1) in a
		       garbage collect).
	       E       The process is trying to exit.
	       L       The process has pages locked in core (for example, for
		       raw I/O).
	       N       The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see
		       setpriority(2)).
	       S       The process has asked for FIFO page replacement
		       (VA_SEQL, from vadvise(2), for example, a large image
		       processing program using virtual memory to sequentially
		       address voluminous data).
	       s       The process is a session leader.
	       V       The process is suspended during a vfork(2).
	       W       The process is swapped out.
	       X       The process is being traced or debugged.

     tt        An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal,
	       if any.	The abbreviation consists of the three letters follow-
	       ing /dev/tty, or, for the console, ``con''.  This is followed
	       by a `-' if the process can no longer reach that controlling
	       terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).

     wchan     The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
	       When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
	       trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example,
	       0x80324000 prints as 324000.

     When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
     has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a
     zombie) is listed as ``<defunct>'', and a process which is blocked while
     trying to exit is listed as ``<exiting>''.  If the arguments cannot be
     located (usually because it has not been set, as is the case of system
     processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed within
     square brackets.  The process can change the arguments shown with
     setproctitle(3).  Otherwise, ps makes an educated guess as to the file
     name and arguments given when the process was created by examining memory
     or the swap area.	The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in
     any event a process is entitled to destroy this information.  The ucomm
     (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on.  If the arguments are
     unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword, the value for the
     ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses.

KEYWORDS
     The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
     meanings.	Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).

     %cpu	percentage CPU usage (alias pcpu)
     %mem	percentage memory usage (alias pmem)
     acflag	accounting flag (alias acflg)
     args	command and arguments
     comm	command
     command	command and arguments
     cpu	short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
     etime	elapsed running time
     flags	the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias f)
     gid	processes group id (alias group)
     inblk	total blocks read (alias inblock)
     jobc	job control count
     ktrace	tracing flags
     ktracep	tracing vnode
     lim	memoryuse limit
     logname	login name of user who started the session
     lstart	time started
     majflt	total page faults
     minflt	total page reclaims
     msgrcv	total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
     msgsnd	total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
     nice	nice value (alias ni)
     nivcsw	total involuntary context switches
     nsigs	total signals taken (alias nsignals)
     nswap	total swaps in/out
     nvcsw	total voluntary context switches
     nwchan	wait channel (as an address)
     oublk	total blocks written (alias oublock)
     p_ru	resource usage (valid only for zombie)
     paddr	swap address
     pagein	pageins (same as majflt)
     pgid	process group number
     pid	process ID
     ppid	parent process ID
     pri	scheduling priority
     re 	core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
     rgid	real group ID
     rss	resident set size
     ruid	real user ID
     ruser	user name (from ruid)
     sess	session ID
     sig	pending signals (alias pending)
     sigmask	blocked signals (alias blocked)
     sl 	sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
     start	time started
     state	symbolic process state (alias stat)
     svgid	saved gid from a setgid executable
     svuid	saved UID from a setuid executable
     tdev	control terminal device number
     time	accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias cputime)
     tpgid	control terminal process group ID
     tsess	control terminal session ID
     tsiz	text size (in Kbytes)
     tt 	control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
     tty	full name of control terminal
     ucomm	name to be used for accounting
     uid	effective user ID
     upr	scheduling priority on return from system call (alias usrpri)
     user	user name (from UID)
     utime	user CPU time (alias putime)
     vsz	virtual size in Kbytes (alias vsize)
     wchan	wait channel (as a symbolic name)
     wq 	total number of workqueue threads
     wqb	number of blocked workqueue threads
     wqr	number of running workqueue threads
     wql	workqueue limit status (C = constrained thread limit, T =
		total thread limit)
     xstat	exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)

ENVIRONMENT
     The following environment variables affect the execution of ps:

     COLUMNS  If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column
	      positions.  By default, ps attempts to automatically determine
	      the terminal width.

FILES
     /dev		  special files and device names
     /var/run/dev.db	  /dev name database
     /var/db/kvm_kernel.db
			  system namelist database

LEGACY DESCRIPTION
     In legacy mode, ps functions as described above, with the following dif-
     ferences:

     -e      Display the environment as well. Same as -E.

     -g      Ignored for compatibility. Takes no argument.

     -l      Display information associated with the following keywords: uid,
	     pid, ppid, cpu, pri, nice, vsz, rss, wchan, state, tt, time, and
	     command.

     -u      Display information associated with the following keywords: user,
	     pid, %cpu, %mem, vsz, rss, tt, state, start, time, and command.
	     The -u option implies the -r option.

     The biggest change is in the interpretation of the -u option, which now
     displays processes belonging to the specified username(s).  Thus, "ps
     -aux" will fail (unless you want to know about user "x").	As a conve-
     nience, however, "ps aux" still works as it did in Tiger.

     For more information about legacy mode, see compat(5).

SEE ALSO
     kill(1), w(1), kvm(3), strftime(3), sysctl(8)

STANDARDS
     The ps utility supports the Version 3 of the Single UNIX Specification
     (``SUSv3'') standard.

HISTORY
     The ps command appeared in Version 4 AT&T UNIX.

BUGS
     Since ps cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other sched-
     uled process, the information it displays can never be exact.

     The ps utility does not correctly display argument lists containing
     multibyte characters.

BSD				March 20, 2005				   BSD

	PS(1) BSD General Commands Manual PS(1)

	NAME
	ps -- process status

	SYNOPSIS
	ps [-AaCcEefhjlMmrSTvwXx] [-O fmt \| -o fmt] [-G gid[,gid...]]
	[-g grp[,grp...]] [-u uid[,uid...]] [-p pid[,pid...]]
	[-t tty[,tty...]] [-U user[,user...]]
	ps [-L]

	DESCRIPTION
	The ps utility displays a header line, followed by lines containing
	information about all of your processes that have controlling terminals.

	A different set of processes can be selected for display by using any
	combination of the -a, -G, -g, -p, -T, -t, -U, and -u options. If more
	than one of these options are given, then ps will select all processes
	which are matched by at least one of the given options.

	For the processes which have been selected for display, ps will usually
	display one line per process. The -M option may result in multiple out-
	put lines (one line per thread) for some processes. By default all of
	these output lines are sorted first by controlling terminal, then by
	process ID. The -m, -r, and -v options will change the sort order. If
	more than one sorting option was given, then the selected processes will
	be sorted by the last sorting option which was specified.

	For the processes which have been selected for display, the information
	to display is selected based on a set of keywords (see the -L, -O, and -o
	options). The default output format includes, for each process, the
	process' ID, controlling terminal, CPU time (including both user and sys-
	tem time), state, and associated command.

	The options are as follows:

	-A Display information about other users' processes, including those
	without controlling terminals.

	-a Display information about other users' processes as well as your
	own. This will skip any processes which do not have a control-
	ling terminal, unless the -x option is also specified.

	-C Change the way the CPU percentage is calculated by using a
	``raw'' CPU calculation that ignores ``resident'' time (this nor-
	mally has no effect).

	-c Change the ``command'' column output to just contain the exe-
	cutable name, rather than the full command line.

	-d Like -A, but excludes session leaders.

	-E Display the environment as well. This does not reflect changes
	in the environment after process launch.

	-e Identical to -A.

	-f Display the uid, pid, parent pid, recent CPU usage, process start
	time, controlling tty, elapsed CPU usage, and the associated com-
	mand. If the -u option is also used, display the user name
	rather then the numeric uid. When -o or -O is used to add to the
	display following -f, the command field is not truncated as se-
	verely as it is in other formats.

	-G Display information about processes which are running with the
	specified real group IDs.

	-g Display information about processes with the specified process
	group leaders.

	-h Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee
	one header per page of information.

	-j Print information associated with the following keywords: user,
	pid, ppid, pgid, sess, jobc, state, tt, time, and command.

	-L List the set of keywords available for the -O and -o options.

	-l Display information associated with the following keywords: uid,
	pid, ppid, flags, cpu, pri, nice, vsz=SZ, rss, wchan, state=S,
	paddr=ADDR, tty, time, and command=CMD.

	-M Print the threads corresponding to each task.

	-m Sort by memory usage, instead of the combination of controlling
	terminal and process ID.

	-O Add the information associated with the space or comma separated
	list of keywords specified, after the process ID, in the default
	information display. Keywords may be appended with an equals
	(`=') sign and a string. This causes the printed header to use
	the specified string instead of the standard header.

	-o Display information associated with the space or comma separated
	list of keywords specified. Multiple keywords may also be given
	in the form of more than one -o option. Keywords may be appended
	with an equals (`=') sign and a string. This causes the printed
	header to use the specified string instead of the standard
	header. If all keywords have empty header texts, no header line
	is written.

	-p Display information about processes which match the specified
	process IDs.

	-r Sort by current CPU usage, instead of the combination of control-
	ling terminal and process ID.

	-S Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all
	exited children to their parent process.

	-T Display information about processes attached to the device asso-
	ciated with the standard input.

	-t Display information about processes attached to the specified
	terminal devices.

	-U Display the processes belonging to the specified real user IDs.

	-u Display the processes belonging to the specified usernames.

	-v Display information associated with the following keywords: pid,
	state, time, sl, re, pagein, vsz, rss, lim, tsiz, %cpu, %mem, and
	command. The -v option implies the -m option.

	-w Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default
	which is your window size. If the -w option is specified more
	than once, ps will use as many columns as necessary without
	regard for your window size. When output is not to a terminal,
	an unlimited number of columns are always used.

	-X When displaying processes matched by other options, skip any pro-
	cesses which do not have a controlling terminal.

	-x When displaying processes matched by other options, include pro-
	cesses which do not have a controlling terminal. This is the
	opposite of the -X option. If both -X and -x are specified in
	the same command, then ps will use the one which was specified
	last.

	A complete list of the available keywords is given below. Some of these
	keywords are further specified as follows:

	%cpu The CPU utilization of the process; this is a decaying average
	over up to a minute of previous (real) time. Because the time
	base over which this is computed varies (some processes may be
	very young), it is possible for the sum of all %cpu fields to
	exceed 100%.

	%mem The percentage of real memory used by this process.

	flags The flags associated with the process as in the include file
	<sys/proc.h>:

	P_ADVLOCK 0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX
	advisory lock
	P_CONTROLT 0x00002 Has a controlling terminal
	P_LP64 0x00004 Process is LP64
	P_NOCLDSTOP 0x00008 No SIGCHLD when children stop
	P_PPWAIT 0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to
	exec/exit
	P_PROFIL 0x00020 Has started profiling
	P_SELECT 0x00040 Selecting; wakeup/waiting
	danger
	P_CONTINUED 0x00080 Process was stopped and
	continued
	P_SUGID 0x00100 Had set id privileges since
	last exec
	P_SYSTEM 0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or
	swapping
	P_TIMEOUT 0x00400 Timing out during sleep
	P_TRACED 0x00800 Debugged process being traced
	P_WAITED 0x01000 Debugging process has waited
	for child
	P_WEXIT 0x02000 Working on exiting
	P_EXEC 0x04000 Process called exec
	P_OWEUPC 0x08000 Owe process an addupc() call
	at next ast
	P_WAITING 0x40000 Process has a wait() in
	progress
	P_KDEBUG 0x80000 Kdebug tracing on for this
	process

	lim The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
	setrlimit(2).

	lstart The exact time the command started, using the `%c' format
	described in strftime(3).

	nice The process scheduling increment (see setpriority(2)).

	rss the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024
	byte units).

	start The time the command started. If the command started less than
	24 hours ago, the start time is displayed using the
	``%l:ps.1p'' format described in strftime(3). If the command
	started less than 7 days ago, the start time is displayed using
	the ``%a6.15p'' format. Otherwise, the start time is displayed
	using the ``%e%b%y'' format.

	state The state is given by a sequence of characters, for example,
	``RWNA''. The first character indicates the run state of the
	process:

	I Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than
	about 20 seconds).
	R Marks a runnable process.
	S Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20
	seconds.
	T Marks a stopped process.
	U Marks a process in uninterruptible wait.
	Z Marks a dead process (a ``zombie'').

	Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional
	state information:

	+ The process is in the foreground process group of its
	control terminal.
	< The process has raised CPU scheduling priority.
	> The process has specified a soft limit on memory
	requirements and is currently exceeding that limit;
	such a process is (necessarily) not swapped.
	A the process has asked for random page replacement
	(VA_ANOM, from vadvise(2), for example, lisp(1) in a
	garbage collect).
	E The process is trying to exit.
	L The process has pages locked in core (for example, for
	raw I/O).
	N The process has reduced CPU scheduling priority (see
	setpriority(2)).
	S The process has asked for FIFO page replacement
	(VA_SEQL, from vadvise(2), for example, a large image
	processing program using virtual memory to sequentially
	address voluminous data).
	s The process is a session leader.
	V The process is suspended during a vfork(2).
	W The process is swapped out.
	X The process is being traced or debugged.

	tt An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal,
	if any. The abbreviation consists of the three letters follow-
	ing /dev/tty, or, for the console, ``con''. This is followed
	by a `-' if the process can no longer reach that controlling
	terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).

	wchan The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
	When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
	trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example,
	0x80324000 prints as 324000.

	When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
	has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a
	zombie) is listed as ``<defunct>'', and a process which is blocked while
	trying to exit is listed as ``<exiting>''. If the arguments cannot be
	located (usually because it has not been set, as is the case of system
	processes and/or kernel threads) the command name is printed within
	square brackets. The process can change the arguments shown with
	setproctitle(3). Otherwise, ps makes an educated guess as to the file
	name and arguments given when the process was created by examining memory
	or the swap area. The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in
	any event a process is entitled to destroy this information. The ucomm
	(accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on. If the arguments are
	unavailable or do not agree with the ucomm keyword, the value for the
	ucomm keyword is appended to the arguments in parentheses.

	KEYWORDS
	The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
	meanings. Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).

	%cpu percentage CPU usage (alias pcpu)
	%mem percentage memory usage (alias pmem)
	acflag accounting flag (alias acflg)
	args command and arguments
	comm command
	command command and arguments
	cpu short-term CPU usage factor (for scheduling)
	etime elapsed running time
	flags the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias f)
	gid processes group id (alias group)
	inblk total blocks read (alias inblock)
	jobc job control count
	ktrace tracing flags
	ktracep tracing vnode
	lim memoryuse limit
	logname login name of user who started the session
	lstart time started
	majflt total page faults
	minflt total page reclaims
	msgrcv total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
	msgsnd total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
	nice nice value (alias ni)
	nivcsw total involuntary context switches
	nsigs total signals taken (alias nsignals)
	nswap total swaps in/out
	nvcsw total voluntary context switches
	nwchan wait channel (as an address)
	oublk total blocks written (alias oublock)
	p_ru resource usage (valid only for zombie)
	paddr swap address
	pagein pageins (same as majflt)
	pgid process group number
	pid process ID
	ppid parent process ID
	pri scheduling priority
	re core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
	rgid real group ID
	rss resident set size
	ruid real user ID
	ruser user name (from ruid)
	sess session ID
	sig pending signals (alias pending)
	sigmask blocked signals (alias blocked)
	sl sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
	start time started
	state symbolic process state (alias stat)
	svgid saved gid from a setgid executable
	svuid saved UID from a setuid executable
	tdev control terminal device number
	time accumulated CPU time, user + system (alias cputime)
	tpgid control terminal process group ID
	tsess control terminal session ID
	tsiz text size (in Kbytes)
	tt control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
	tty full name of control terminal
	ucomm name to be used for accounting
	uid effective user ID
	upr scheduling priority on return from system call (alias usrpri)
	user user name (from UID)
	utime user CPU time (alias putime)
	vsz virtual size in Kbytes (alias vsize)
	wchan wait channel (as a symbolic name)
	wq total number of workqueue threads
	wqb number of blocked workqueue threads
	wqr number of running workqueue threads
	wql workqueue limit status (C = constrained thread limit, T =
	total thread limit)
	xstat exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)

	ENVIRONMENT
	The following environment variables affect the execution of ps:

	COLUMNS If set, specifies the user's preferred output width in column
	positions. By default, ps attempts to automatically determine
	the terminal width.

	FILES
	/dev special files and device names
	/var/run/dev.db /dev name database
	/var/db/kvm_kernel.db
	system namelist database

	LEGACY DESCRIPTION
	In legacy mode, ps functions as described above, with the following dif-
	ferences:

	-e Display the environment as well. Same as -E.

	-g Ignored for compatibility. Takes no argument.

	-l Display information associated with the following keywords: uid,
	pid, ppid, cpu, pri, nice, vsz, rss, wchan, state, tt, time, and
	command.

	-u Display information associated with the following keywords: user,
	pid, %cpu, %mem, vsz, rss, tt, state, start, time, and command.
	The -u option implies the -r option.

	The biggest change is in the interpretation of the -u option, which now
	displays processes belonging to the specified username(s). Thus, "ps
	-aux" will fail (unless you want to know about user "x"). As a conve-
	nience, however, "ps aux" still works as it did in Tiger.

	For more information about legacy mode, see compat(5).

	SEE ALSO
	kill(1), w(1), kvm(3), strftime(3), sysctl(8)

	STANDARDS
	The ps utility supports the Version 3 of the Single UNIX Specification
	(``SUSv3'') standard.

	HISTORY
	The ps command appeared in Version 4 AT&T UNIX.

	BUGS
	Since ps cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other sched-
	uled process, the information it displays can never be exact.

	The ps utility does not correctly display argument lists containing
	multibyte characters.

	BSD March 20, 2005 BSD