Setup nix, nix-darwin and home-manager from scratch on an M1 Macbook Pro

README

###
### [2023-06-19] UPDATE: Just tried to use my instructions again on a fresh install and it failed in a number of places. 
###.   Not sure if I'll update this gist (though I realise it seems to still have some traffic), but here's a list of 
###.   things to watch out for:
###      - Check out the `nix-darwin` instructions, as they have changed.
###      - There's a home manager gotcha https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues/4026
###

# I found some good resources but they seem to do a bit too much (maybe from a time when there were more bugs).
# So here's a minimal Gist which worked for me as an install on a new M1 Pro.
# Inspired by https://github.com/malob/nixpkgs I highly recommend looking at malob's repo for a more thorough configuration
#
# Some people are coming directly to this Gist from search results and not the original post[1]. If that sounds like you, you should also know there is a video[2] that accompanies this.
#
# [1] https://discourse.nixos.org/t/simple-workable-config-for-m1-macbook-pro-monterey-12-0-1-with-nix-flakes-nix-darwin-and-home-manager/16834
# [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJgN0lnA5mk
#
# Let's get started
#
# Let's install nix (at the time of writing this is version 2.5.1
curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh

# I might not have needed to, but I rebooted
mkdir -p ~/.config/nix

# Emable nix-command and flakes to bootstrap 
cat <<EOF > ~/.config/nix/nix.conf
experimental-features = nix-command flakes
EOF

# Get the flake.nix in this gist
cd ~/.config
curl https://gist.githubusercontent.com/jmatsushita/5c50ef14b4b96cb24ae5268dab613050/raw/24a755065de59fc77a552518e106454750e86a49/flake.nix -O
# Get the configuration.nix and home.nix
curl https://gist.githubusercontent.com/jmatsushita/5c50ef14b4b96cb24ae5268dab613050/raw/24a755065de59fc77a552518e106454750e86a49/configuration.nix -O
curl https://gist.githubusercontent.com/jmatsushita/5c50ef14b4b96cb24ae5268dab613050/raw/24a755065de59fc77a552518e106454750e86a49/home.nix -O

# Until this is addressed https://github.com/LnL7/nix-darwin/issues/149
sudo mv /etc/nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/.nix-darwin.bkp.nix.conf
# Build the configuration
nix build .#darwinConfigurations.j-one.system
./result/sw/bin/darwin-rebuild switch --flake .
# Enjoy!

# Might be useful to install x86 packages in the nix profile manually
nix profile install nixpkgs#legacyPackages.x86_64-darwin.haskellPackages.stack

configuration.nix

{ pkgs, lib, ... }:
{
  # Nix configuration ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  nix.binaryCaches = [
    "https://cache.nixos.org/"
  ];
  nix.binaryCachePublicKeys = [
    "cache.nixos.org-1:6NCHdD59X431o0gWypbMrAURkbJ16ZPMQFGspcDShjY="
  ];
  nix.trustedUsers = [
    "@admin"
  ];
  users.nix.configureBuildUsers = true;

  # Enable experimental nix command and flakes
  # nix.package = pkgs.nixUnstable;
  nix.extraOptions = ''
    auto-optimise-store = true
    experimental-features = nix-command flakes
  '' + lib.optionalString (pkgs.system == "aarch64-darwin") ''
    extra-platforms = x86_64-darwin aarch64-darwin
  '';

  # Create /etc/bashrc that loads the nix-darwin environment.
  programs.zsh.enable = true;

  # Auto upgrade nix package and the daemon service.
  services.nix-daemon.enable = true;

  # Apps
  # `home-manager` currently has issues adding them to `~/Applications`
  # Issue: https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues/1341
  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
    kitty
    terminal-notifier
  ];

  # https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/issues/423
  environment.variables = {
    TERMINFO_DIRS = "${pkgs.kitty.terminfo.outPath}/share/terminfo";
  };
  programs.nix-index.enable = true;

  # Fonts
  fonts.enableFontDir = true;
  fonts.fonts = with pkgs; [
     recursive
     (nerdfonts.override { fonts = [ "JetBrainsMono" ]; })
   ];

  # Keyboard
  system.keyboard.enableKeyMapping = true;
  system.keyboard.remapCapsLockToEscape = true;

  # Add ability to used TouchID for sudo authentication
  security.pam.enableSudoTouchIdAuth = true;

}

flake.nix

{
  description = "Jun's darwin system";

  inputs = {
    # Package sets
    nixpkgs.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-21.11-darwin";
    nixpkgs-unstable.url = github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable;

    # Environment/system management
    darwin.url = "github:lnl7/nix-darwin/master";
    darwin.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs-unstable";
    home-manager.url = "github:nix-community/home-manager";
    home-manager.inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs-unstable";

    # Other sources
    comma = { url = github:Shopify/comma; flake = false; };
    
  };

  outputs = { self, darwin, nixpkgs, home-manager, ... }@inputs:
  let 

    inherit (darwin.lib) darwinSystem;
    inherit (inputs.nixpkgs-unstable.lib) attrValues makeOverridable optionalAttrs singleton;

    # Configuration for `nixpkgs`
    nixpkgsConfig = {
      config = { allowUnfree = true; };
      overlays = attrValues self.overlays ++ singleton (
        # Sub in x86 version of packages that don't build on Apple Silicon yet
        final: prev: (optionalAttrs (prev.stdenv.system == "aarch64-darwin") {
          inherit (final.pkgs-x86)
            idris2
            nix-index
            niv
            purescript;
        })
      );
    }; 
  in
  {
    # My `nix-darwin` configs
      
    darwinConfigurations = rec {
      j-one = darwinSystem {
        system = "aarch64-darwin";
        modules = attrValues self.darwinModules ++ [ 
          # Main `nix-darwin` config
          ./configuration.nix
          # `home-manager` module
          home-manager.darwinModules.home-manager
          {
            nixpkgs = nixpkgsConfig;
            # `home-manager` config
            home-manager.useGlobalPkgs = true;
            home-manager.useUserPackages = true;
            home-manager.users.jun = import ./home.nix;            
          }
        ];
      };
    };

    # Overlays --------------------------------------------------------------- {{{

    overlays = {
      # Overlays to add various packages into package set
        comma = final: prev: {
          comma = import inputs.comma { inherit (prev) pkgs; };
        };  

      # Overlay useful on Macs with Apple Silicon
        apple-silicon = final: prev: optionalAttrs (prev.stdenv.system == "aarch64-darwin") {
          # Add access to x86 packages system is running Apple Silicon
          pkgs-x86 = import inputs.nixpkgs-unstable {
            system = "x86_64-darwin";
            inherit (nixpkgsConfig) config;
          };
        }; 
      };

    # My `nix-darwin` modules that are pending upstream, or patched versions waiting on upstream
    # fixes.
    darwinModules = {
      programs-nix-index = 
        # Additional configuration for `nix-index` to enable `command-not-found` functionality with Fish.
        { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:

        {
          config = lib.mkIf config.programs.nix-index.enable {
            programs.fish.interactiveShellInit = ''
              function __fish_command_not_found_handler --on-event="fish_command_not_found"
                ${if config.programs.fish.useBabelfish then ''
                command_not_found_handle $argv
                '' else ''
                ${pkgs.bashInteractive}/bin/bash -c \
                  "source ${config.programs.nix-index.package}/etc/profile.d/command-not-found.sh; command_not_found_handle $argv"
                ''}
              end
            '';
            };
        };
      security-pam = 
        # Upstream PR: https://github.com/LnL7/nix-darwin/pull/228
        { config, lib, pkgs, ... }:

        with lib;

        let
          cfg = config.security.pam;

          # Implementation Notes
          #
          # We don't use `environment.etc` because this would require that the user manually delete
          # `/etc/pam.d/sudo` which seems unwise given that applying the nix-darwin configuration requires
          # sudo. We also can't use `system.patchs` since it only runs once, and so won't patch in the
          # changes again after OS updates (which remove modifications to this file).
          #
          # As such, we resort to line addition/deletion in place using `sed`. We add a comment to the
          # added line that includes the name of the option, to make it easier to identify the line that
          # should be deleted when the option is disabled.
          mkSudoTouchIdAuthScript = isEnabled:
          let
            file   = "/etc/pam.d/sudo";
            option = "security.pam.enableSudoTouchIdAuth";
          in ''
            ${if isEnabled then ''
              # Enable sudo Touch ID authentication, if not already enabled
              if ! grep 'pam_tid.so' ${file} > /dev/null; then
                sed -i "" '2i\
              auth       sufficient     pam_tid.so # nix-darwin: ${option}
                ' ${file}
              fi
            '' else ''
              # Disable sudo Touch ID authentication, if added by nix-darwin
              if grep '${option}' ${file} > /dev/null; then
                sed -i "" '/${option}/d' ${file}
              fi
            ''}
          '';
        in

        {
          options = {
            security.pam.enableSudoTouchIdAuth = mkEnableOption ''
              Enable sudo authentication with Touch ID
              When enabled, this option adds the following line to /etc/pam.d/sudo:
                  auth       sufficient     pam_tid.so
              (Note that macOS resets this file when doing a system update. As such, sudo
              authentication with Touch ID won't work after a system update until the nix-darwin
              configuration is reapplied.)
            '';
          };

          config = {
            system.activationScripts.extraActivation.text = ''
              # PAM settings
              echo >&2 "setting up pam..."
              ${mkSudoTouchIdAuthScript cfg.enableSudoTouchIdAuth}
            '';
          };
        };
    };
 };
}

home.nix

{ config, pkgs, lib, ... }:

{
  home.stateVersion = "22.05";

  # https://github.com/malob/nixpkgs/blob/master/home/default.nix

  # Direnv, load and unload environment variables depending on the current directory.
  # https://direnv.net
  # https://rycee.gitlab.io/home-manager/options.html#opt-programs.direnv.enable
  programs.direnv.enable = true;
  programs.direnv.nix-direnv.enable = true;

  # Htop
  # https://rycee.gitlab.io/home-manager/options.html#opt-programs.htop.enable
  programs.htop.enable = true;
  programs.htop.settings.show_program_path = true;

  home.packages = with pkgs; [
    # Some basics
    coreutils
    curl
    wget

    # Dev stuff
    # (agda.withPackages (p: [ p.standard-library ]))
    google-cloud-sdk
    haskellPackages.cabal-install
    haskellPackages.hoogle
    haskellPackages.hpack
    haskellPackages.implicit-hie
    haskellPackages.stack
    idris2
    jq
    nodePackages.typescript
    nodejs
    purescript

    # Useful nix related tools
    cachix # adding/managing alternative binary caches hosted by Cachix
    # comma # run software from without installing it
    niv # easy dependency management for nix projects
    nodePackages.node2nix

  ] ++ lib.optionals stdenv.isDarwin [
    cocoapods
    m-cli # useful macOS CLI commands
  ];

  # Misc configuration files --------------------------------------------------------------------{{{

  # https://docs.haskellstack.org/en/stable/yaml_configuration/#non-project-specific-config
  home.file.".stack/config.yaml".text = lib.generators.toYAML {} {
    templates = {
      scm-init = "git";
      params = {
        author-name = "Your Name"; # config.programs.git.userName;
        author-email = "youremail@example.com"; # config.programs.git.userEmail;
        github-username = "yourusername";
      };
    };
    nix.enable = true;
  };

}

@rober-m Note line 45 of flake.nix, j-one = darwinSystem {.... To switch to this the first time I would specify the name "j-one" like this.

./result/sw/bin/darwin-rebuild switch --flake ".#j-one"

I am not positive this will solve your problem but it can't hurt to try.

Thank you, @dansteeves68! It did solve the problem! It makes so much sense in retrospect 😂.

Thank you for this, it's really helpful!
Is there also a config that shows multiple users on a single M1 mac?

This was great - thanks. I just wanted to point people to nix-community/home-manager#1341 (comment) in case they wanted to get installed apps indexed by Spotlight

This does work on Intel Mac.

# Enable experimental nix command and flakes
  # nix.package = pkgs.nixUnstable;
  nix.extraOptions = ''
    auto-optimise-store = true
    experimental-features = nix-command flakes
  '' + lib.optionalString (pkgs.system == "x86_64-darwin") ''
    extra-platforms = x86_64-darwin aarch64-darwin
  '';

I have both Intel and M1 Macs. How can I set this up so this is configured dynamically and it's not hard-coded?

TouchID for PAM was merged a while ago

This does work on Intel Mac.

# Enable experimental nix command and flakes
  # nix.package = pkgs.nixUnstable;
  nix.extraOptions = ''
    auto-optimise-store = true
    experimental-features = nix-command flakes
  '' + lib.optionalString (pkgs.system == "x86_64-darwin") ''
    extra-platforms = x86_64-darwin aarch64-darwin
  '';

I have both Intel and M1 Macs. How can I set this up so this is configured dynamically and it's not hard-coded?

Technically, it's being dynamically. Because they're return an optional string if the pkgs.system matches the aarch64-darwin value, if does not match, won't append anything to the string.

If you want to add other architectures, you can do a key/value mapping and appending based on it too.

Just tried to use my instructions again on a fresh install and it failed in a number of places. Not sure if I'll update this gist (though I realise it seems to still have some traffic), but here's a list of things to watch out for:

• Check out the nix-darwin instructions, as they have changed.
• There's a home manager gotcha nix-community/home-manager#4026

For those who are new to nix, starting with Fleek is highly recommended.

@ZeroDeth Fleek seems fine and I haven't tried it, but AFAICT:

• it doesn't manage your system level settings like nix-darwin does
• It's a wrapper on top of home-manager, if you like yaml there might be advantages to that, but things will break underneath, and you'll have to know some nix to figure out why (to be fair that's not a problem with fleek, just with anything that provided some wrapping abstraction).

How is your experience with it?

@jmatsushita I have been utilizing Nix on a virtual machine for three years, without encountering any problems. However, I attempted to use Nix on both my Intel and M1 Mac and discovered Fleek as a potential solution. While it was initially useful for beginners, it has not been functioning properly for the past two months. Despite submitting several contributions and issues to Fleek, I have not received any response or resolution.

Have you tried experimenting with devbox.sh? It's a great tool to import a remote configuration and customize your experience. https://www.jetpack.io/devbox/docs/devbox_global/#using-fleek-with-devbox-global

@jmatsushita thanks for this post those years ago! Even if there's some issues with things here and there, it's a great reference and helped me get my head all the way around the nix -> flake -> nix-darwin + home-manager situation... so i wanted to say thanks!

@ZeroDeth I would definitely hang in there. i've used nix on mac laptops for nearly 2 years. I can't imagine going back. Just look for nix-darwin/flake configurations on github that have a large number of stars or followers. My personal setups were based on a work script that provisioned each laptop with a nix/flake setup. i've seen many very similar to mine though.

@jmatsushita I have been utilizing Nix on a virtual machine for three years, without encountering any problems. However, I attempted to use Nix on both my Intel and M1 Mac and discovered Fleek as a potential solution. While it was initially useful for beginners, it has not been functioning properly for the past two months. Despite submitting several contributions and issues to Fleek, I have not received any response or resolution.

Have you tried experimenting with devbox.sh? It's a great tool to import a remote configuration and customize your experience. https://www.jetpack.io/devbox/docs/devbox_global/#using-fleek-with-devbox-global

Seems like that the Fleek repository is archived as Mar 24, 2024

Thank you so much for this! it helped me get off the ground with home-manager and nix-darwin.

There were a few minor things I had to change in the flake.nix:

• LnL7/nix-darwin#228 has been merged, so the touchId setup needs to go away to prevent duplicate definitions
• NixOS/nixpkgs#137512 has been closed, and so I think the workarounds for the kitty m1 builds have to go away. I don't use kitty, so I just removed it all.
• There were a bunch of warnings about renamed config options. Not a huge deal, I just renamed them all 1 by 1 and there was no issue.
• The home-manager.users.jun config key needs to be changed to indicate your mac username
• Add users.users."$MY_USER_NAME".homeDirectory = "/Users/$MY_USER_NAME"; above the home-manager.useGlobalPkgs line. based on: nix-community/home-manager#4026

Lastly (and this was noted in comments above) the command to enable the flake should be ./result/sw/bin/darwin-rebuild switch --flake ".#j-one" rather than ./result/sw/bin/darwin-rebuild switch --flake .