Encapsulation within PHP Classes(using getters and setters)

Person.php

<?php
/*===================================
ENCAPSULATION - protecting our code
===================================*/

//this shows the benefits of encapsulation; ie protecting certain methods and parts of your code from external modification
class Person {
	//by declaring our properties private all subsequent methods may only be called from within the class on instantiation.
	private $name;
	private $age;

	//when constructing our person we will take one argument of name.  Using this method on a private property we are unable to change after initialization.
	public function __construct($name) {
		$this->name = $name;
	}

	//by using a getter we can get the property which is otherwise inaccesible
	public function getAge() {
		return $this->age;
	}
	//we are able to update the age using a setter but age must always be over 21.  this protects against tricking.
	public function setAge($age) {

		if ($age < 21) {
			throw new Exception("This dude needs to show some ID.", 1);
			
		}
		//here we can assign $age in aurgument to $age above.
		$this->age = $age;
	}
}

$joel = new Person('Joelski the Great');

$joel->setAge(200);



var_dump($joel->getAge());

print_r($joel);