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Created January 10, 2023 16:02
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prompt: write an explanation (which should appear in a scientific article) of why space applications demand autonomous operations
response: Space applications, such as spacecraft and satellites, often operate in environments that are inaccessible or dangerous for humans. For example, space exploration missions to other planets, moons, or asteroids require spacecraft to be able to function for long periods of time without direct human control. Similarly, satellites that operate in Earth orbit may need to continue functioning despite loss of contact with ground control stations. Additionally, autonomous operations can greatly reduce the cost and complexity of space missions by eliminating the need for human operators and the hardware required to support them.
One of the main challenges for autonomous space operations is the communication delay caused by the large distances involved. Light travels at a speed of approximately 299,792,458 meters per second (or about 186,282 miles per second), and even at this speed, it takes light roughly 4.2 minutes to travel from Earth to Mars. This means that there is a significant delay in communication between a spacecraft on Mars and its ground control station on Earth. This delay can range from a few minutes to over an hour, depending on the distance between the spacecraft and Earth. In such scenarios, it is impractical and inefficient to wait for human commands, and spacecraft must be able to make decisions and take actions on their own.
Another important factor is that space is an extreme environment, high radiation, vacuum and low temperature. Human survival in such a environment is extremely difficult, if not impossible. Therefore, use of machines and robots are essential.
Moreover, Autonomous operations are also beneficial for managing power and other resources. Autonomous control systems can monitor the spacecraft's systems and adjust the power usage to ensure that the spacecraft can continue operating for as long as possible. They can also prioritize different systems to conserve power and ensure the survival of the most critical subsystems.
In conclusion, space applications demand autonomous operations due to the inaccessibility and dangerousness of the environments, the communication delays caused by large distances, and the need to manage power and other resources efficiently. The use of autonomous systems allows for more efficient and cost-effective space missions and enables us to explore areas of the universe that would otherwise be inaccessible to humans.
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