joevt/dumpvols.sh

## dumpvols.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
# Get Partition Info from all disks
#
# Written by joevt updated March 16, 2024
#  Patches marked "rgh" July, 2010, to dump information beyond the
#   four bios partitions
#
#	sudo ./dumpvols.sh > dumpvols_result.txt 2>&1
#
# Based on johnsock's AHCI Master Boot Record Patch.
#
# This script is freely distributable.
#

if [ ! "$USER" = "root" ]; then
	echo WARNING: This script must be run as root.
	exit
fi

INPUTDISK="$1"
INPUTDISK="${INPUTDISK#/dev/}"
INPUTSLICE=$(expr "$INPUTDISK" : 'disk[0-9]*s\([0-9]*\)')

if [[ -n $INPUTDISK ]]; then
	disklist="$(diskutil list "$INPUTDISK" | perl -p -e 's|^/|\n/|')"
	apfslist="$(diskutil apfs list | sed -nE "/^\|/s// /; /^ $/s///; /\+.*$1 /,/^$/ { /^$/d ; p ; }" 2> /dev/null)"
	ALLDISKS=0
else
	disklist="$(diskutil list | perl -p -e 's|^/|\n/|')"
	apfslist="$(diskutil apfs list 2> /dev/null)"
	ALLDISKS=1
fi
[[ "${apfslist:0:4}" == "Disk" ]] && apfslist=""

MBRHASHES="
Windows_XP=d88d4f2dbc2c662db7d7d60ebf9e3e00
Windows_Vista=12c9d7ff4914c88a7f9eadf9211b861b
Windows_7=118eb70c44cb69284e5d8aa93096831e
None_all_zeros=4ebc676ce4896613a3a9df6e2a1c77ae

MSDOS_or_FreeDOS_on_FreeDOS=93dd2ee87a995e36cbab0c2d5c2f041a

Windows_XP_On_BootCamp2_with_AHCI_patch=c3fb54174bc479899d4ef6e45308dc18
Windows_XP_On_BootCamp2=cb4dabdd862da0508083b05814e198b8
Windows_Vista_on_XP_with_AHCI_patch=4979e1b9d70738759280f6962c2ad298
Windows_7_on_XP=7db43c1425e9ff3077dd62b776a50419
Windows_7_with_AHCI_patch=a243d3475531b0f6f0d7199043c2eb5c
Windows_7_on_XP_with_AHCI_patch=24977c27865adec9ac8298f1a8d214bf

Apple_Partition_Map_Block0_Driver_Descriptor_Map_390721968_blocks_and_Tiger_OS_9_drivers=087f35e49a39d52a46e3a94882869f51
"


#All VBR hashes use all the bytes starting from offset 0x60. It may be better to use a different range for each type of VBR...

# GRUB2 hash was incorrectly named GRUB #rgh
# added GRUB hash from observation of kununtu 9.04 #rgh
# added Windows 8
VBRHASHES="
None_all_zeros=acf496fff71230daa6985a701f83ce49
NTFS_No_Loader=3be27456483746abb85cd614381dac5e
NTFS_Windows_XP_NTLDR=dd1728a59343b9fa9458d80657f68771
NTFS_Windows_Vista_BOOTMGR=d1c278b56eeea9536d0eb5898fe6a0b5
NTFS_Windows_8_BOOTMGR=771df8b803f96296854316d3d5918812
GRUB_from_Ubuntu=332469fa146db809f58d6392e2e0bdce
GRUB2_from_Ubuntu=9c249066e1eb9c842d8acdfe6d23a2e3
FAT32_FRDOS4.1=98050815221ee147066f99f806c23203
FAT32_FRDOS4.1_or_MSWIN4.1_BOOTMGR=aec608de8ac709d91e6f3340b643ab4d
FAT32_NTFS_NTLDR=d9c3d66e975d2b3b122353951a598b32
FAT12_BSD_4.4_BOOTMGR=4cc92970d5a3350bc72d2b975e28b915
FAT16_Non_system_disk=2a3d0f51ad246f115aa7d37891788857
FAT32_Non_system_disk_or_EFI=34f2d1f3c3ecce5c00cae8f0b82c922b
HFS_boot_block_0=28f5bc1563fbaedeb8dabbd4ef9eb4c2

APM_Driver_SCSI_patch=44dc8729f17b4de891fc93d8db04e393
APM_Driver_SCSI_chained_real=f13d0837e944353d07121dcda47f01c0
APM_Driver_ATA_patch=e1dd2732d4f0cfc3f79357f1bae992c7
APM_Driver_ATA_chained_real=4ccc33e59537e50e7831fc499a8672a5
"
# APM drivers created by Leopard Install Mac OS 9 Drivers

FindHash () {
	# $1: name of hashed contents
	# $2: list of known hashes
	# $3: the hash to search for
	DIDFIND=0
	for CURHASH in $2; do
		THEHASH=$(expr "$CURHASH" : '[^=]*=\(.*\)')
		THEOS=$(expr "$CURHASH" : '^\([^=]*\)=')
		if [ "$3" = "$THEHASH" ]; then
			DIDFIND=1
			break
		fi
	done
	echo ""
	if [ $DIDFIND = 1 ]; then
		echo "$1: $THEOS"
	else
		echo "$1: Unrecognized (hash=$3)"
	fi
}

pascalstring () {
	# $1 pascal string bytes
	local thebytes;
	local thechars;
	local thelen;
	thebytes="$1"
	thelen=$((0x${thebytes:0:2}))
	thechars=$(sed -E 's/(00)+$//' <<< "${thebytes:2}" | xxd -p -r | tr '\0' '.')
	if (( thelen != ${#thechars} )); then
		printf "len:%d? " "$thelen"
	fi
	printf "\"%s\"" "$thechars"
}

GetFileInfo="GetFileInfo"
command -v GetFileInfo > /dev/null 2>&1 || {
	GetFileInfo="/Developer/Tools/GetFileInfo"
}

inodetopath () {
	"$GetFileInfo" -P "/.vol/$1/$2" 2> /dev/null | sed -nE '/^(file|directory): "(.*)"/s//\2/p'
}

inodestring () {
	local deviceid="$1"
	local inode="$2"
	local thepath;
	thepath="$(inodetopath "$deviceid" "$inode")"
	printf "%d" "$inode"
	[[ -n $thepath ]] && printf " => \"%s\"" "$thepath"
}

forkdatastring () {
	local forkdata="$1"
	local extentslist
	if [[ -n ${forkdata//0/} ]]; then
		extentslist=$(
			extents="${forkdata:32}"
			while [[ -n $extents ]]; do
				if ((0x${extents:0:16})); then
					printf "(%d,%d)," $((0x${extents:0:8})) $((0x${extents:8:8}))
				else
					printf ","
				fi
				extents="${extents:16}"
			done
		)
		printf "logicalSize:%d clumpSize:%d totalBlocks:%d extents:(%s)" $((0x${forkdata:0:16})) $((0x${forkdata:16:8})) $((0x${forkdata:24:8})) "${extentslist%"${extentslist##*[!,]}"}"
	fi
}

extentstring () {
	extents="$1"
	extentslist=$(
		while [[ -n $extents ]]; do
			if ((0x${extents:0:16})); then
				printf "(%d,%d)," $((0x${extents:0:4})) $((0x${extents:4:4}))
			else
				printf ","
			fi
			extents="${extents:8}"
		done
	)
	printf "(%s)" "${extentslist%"${extentslist##*[!,]}"}"
}

dumpencoding () {
	local message="$1"
	local encoding="$2"
	((encoding)) && {
		printf "%s 0x%08x" "$message" "$encoding"
		(( (encoding & 0x656e6300) == 0x656e6300 )) && {
			case $((encoding & 0xff)) in
				 0) printf " = kTextEncodingMacRoman"           ;;
				 1) printf " = kTextEncodingMacJapanese"        ;;
				 2) printf " = kTextEncodingMacChineseTrad"     ;;
				 3) printf " = kTextEncodingMacKorean"          ;;
				 4) printf " = kTextEncodingMacArabic"          ;;
				 5) printf " = kTextEncodingMacHebrew"          ;;
				 6) printf " = kTextEncodingMacGreek"           ;;
				 7) printf " = kTextEncodingMacCyrillic"        ;;
				 9) printf " = kTextEncodingMacDevanagari"      ;;
				10) printf " = kTextEncodingMacGurmukhi"        ;;
				11) printf " = kTextEncodingMacGujarati"        ;;
				12) printf " = kTextEncodingMacOriya"           ;;
				13) printf " = kTextEncodingMacBengali"         ;;
				14) printf " = kTextEncodingMacTamil"           ;;
				15) printf " = kTextEncodingMacTelugu"          ;;
				16) printf " = kTextEncodingMacKannada"         ;;
				17) printf " = kTextEncodingMacMalayalam"       ;;
				18) printf " = kTextEncodingMacSinhalese"       ;;
				19) printf " = kTextEncodingMacBurmese"         ;;
				20) printf " = kTextEncodingMacKhmer"           ;;
				21) printf " = kTextEncodingMacThai"            ;;
				22) printf " = kTextEncodingMacLaotian"         ;;
				23) printf " = kTextEncodingMacGeorgian"        ;;
				24) printf " = kTextEncodingMacArmenian"        ;;
				25) printf " = kTextEncodingMacChineseSimp"     ;;
				26) printf " = kTextEncodingMacTibetan"         ;;
				27) printf " = kTextEncodingMacMongolian"       ;;
				28) printf " = kTextEncodingMacEthiopic"        ;;
				29) printf " = kTextEncodingMacCentralEurRoman" ;;
				30) printf " = kTextEncodingMacVietnamese"      ;;
				31) printf " = kTextEncodingMacExtArabic"       ;;
				33) printf " = kTextEncodingMacSymbol"          ;;
				34) printf " = kTextEncodingMacDingbats"        ;;
				35) printf " = kTextEncodingMacTurkish"         ;;
				36) printf " = kTextEncodingMacCroatian"        ;;
				37) printf " = kTextEncodingMacIcelandic"       ;;
				38) printf " = kTextEncodingMacRomanian"        ;;
				39) printf " = kTextEncodingMacCeltic"          ;;
				40) printf " = kTextEncodingMacGaelic"          ;;
				41) printf " = kTextEncodingMacKeyboardGlyphs"  ;;
			esac
		}
		printf "\n"
	}
}

command -v python > /dev/null 2>&1 && python=python || python=python3
vsdbtouuid0 () {
	"$python" -c '
import uuid ; from hashlib import md5
kFSUUIDNamespaceSHA1 = uuid.UUID("b3e20f39-f292-11d6-97a4-00306543ecac")
digest = md5(kFSUUIDNamespaceSHA1.bytes + bytes.fromhex("'"$1"'"), usedforsecurity=False).digest()
print ("%s" % uuid.UUID(bytes=digest[:16], version=3))
'
}

vsdbtouuid () {
	local theuuid=""
	theuuid=$(printf "b3e20f39f29211d697a400306543ecac%s" "$1" | xxd -p -r | md5 | tr "a-f" "A-F" )
	printf "%s" "${theuuid:0:8}-${theuuid:8:4}-3${theuuid:13:3}-$(printf "%X" $(((0x${theuuid:16:1} & 3) | 8)))${theuuid:17:3}-${theuuid:20:12}"
}

(( ALLDISKS )) && echo "$disklist"
echo "$apfslist"

DRIVELIST="$(sed -n -E "/^[ ]*0: [ ]{0,25}([A-Za-z_]+)[ ]*[+*][0-9.]+ [TGMK][iB][ ]+(disk[0-9]+)$/s//\1_\2/p;/^[ ]*0: [ ]{0,26} .* \*[0-9.]+ [TGMK][iB][ ]+(disk[0-9]+)$/s//whole_\1/p" <<< "$disklist")"

for PARTDRIVE in $(echo $DRIVELIST); do
	DRIVE=$(expr "$PARTDRIVE" : '.*_\([^_]*\)')
	DTYPE=$(expr "$PARTDRIVE" : '\(.*\)_[^_]*')
	echo "==============================================================================="

	diskutiloutput="$(sed -nE '/\/dev\/'"$DRIVE"'( |$)/,/^$/ p' <<< "${disklist}")"
	echo "$diskutiloutput"

	echo "---------------------------------------------"
	diskinfo="$(diskutil info "$DRIVE")"
	echo "$diskinfo"
	BLOCKSIZE=$(sed -nE '/^ *Device Block Size: +([0-9]+).*/s//\1/p' <<< "$diskinfo")
	if [[ -z $BLOCKSIZE ]]; then
		BLOCKSIZE=512
	fi

	MOUNTPOINTS=""
	if [[ -n $INPUTSLICE ]]; then
		DEVLIST="$(echo "$diskutiloutput" | sed -n -E "/^.* (disk[0-9]+s${INPUTSLICE})$/s//\1/p")"
	else
		DEVLIST="$(echo "$diskutiloutput" | sed -n -E "/^.* (disk[0-9]+s[0-9]+)$/s//\1/p")"
	fi

	for THEDEV in $(echo $DEVLIST); do
		echo "---------------------------------------------"
		partinfo="$(diskutil info "$THEDEV")"
		echo "$partinfo"
		MOUNTPOINTS="${MOUNTPOINTS}${THEDEV}_$(sed -nE '/ *Mount Point: *(.*)/s//\1/p' <<< "$partinfo")"$'\n'
	done
	echo "---------------------------------------------"

	PARTLIST=""

	blockbytes=$(dd if="/dev/$DRIVE" bs=512 count=1 2> /dev/null | xxd -p -c 9999)

	if [ "$DTYPE" = "Apple_partition_scheme" ]; then

		pdiskoutput="$(pdisk -r -l "/dev/$DRIVE" 2>&1)"
		pdiskoutput2="$(pdisk -r -l -f "/dev/$DRIVE" 2>&1)"

		echo "$pdiskoutput"
		[[ "$pdiskoutput" != "$pdiskoutput2" ]] && echo "$pdiskoutput2"

		i=0
		if [[ ${blockbytes:0:4} == "4552" ]]; then # 'ER'
			sbBlkSize=$((0x${blockbytes:4:4}))
			sbBlkCount=$((0x${blockbytes:8:8}))
			sbDevType=$((0x${blockbytes:16:4}))
			sbDevId=$((0x${blockbytes:20:4}))
			sbData=$((0x${blockbytes:24:8}))
			sbDrvrCount=$((0x${blockbytes:32:4}))

			echo
			echo "APM Block 0 contents"

			printf "000: sbSig      : 'ER' = sbSIGWord\n"
			printf "002: sbBlkSize  : %d\n" "$sbBlkSize"
			printf "004: sbBlkCount : %d = %d MB\n" "$sbBlkCount" $((sbBlkCount*sbBlkSize / 1000 / 1000))
			((sbDevType   != 0)) && printf "008: sbDevType  : %d\n" "$sbDevType"
			((sbDevId     != 0)) && printf "00a: sbDevId    : %d\n" "$sbDevId"
			((sbData      != 0)) && printf "00c: sbData     : %d\n" "$sbData"
			((sbDrvrCount > 10)) && printf "010: sbDrvrCount: %d\n" "$sbDrvrCount"
			for ((i=0; i < sbDrvrCount; i++)); do
			ddBlock=$((0x${blockbytes:36+i*16:8}))
			ddSize=$((0x${blockbytes:44+i*16:4}))
			ddType=$((0x${blockbytes:48+i*16:4}))
			printf "%03x: DDMap[%d]:%4d @ %-4d 0x%04x = %-27s\n" $((0x012 + i*8)) "$i" "$ddSize" "$ddBlock" "$ddType" "$(
				{
					((ddType == 0x0001)) && printf "kDriverTypeMacSCSI"       ; } ||
				{
					((ddType == 0x0701)) && printf "kDriverTypeMacATA"        ; } ||
				{
					((ddType == 0xFFFF)) && printf "kDriverTypeMacSCSIChained"; } ||
				{
				    ((ddType == 0xF8FF)) && printf "kDriverTypeMacATAChained" ; } ||
				printf "?"
			)"
			done
			ddPad="${blockbytes:52+i*16}"
			[[ -n ${ddPad//0/} ]] && printf "ddPad: %s\n" "$ddPad"
			echo
			xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16
		else
			# use the same bytes as MBR hash even though Block0 contents are totally different
			HASH=$(xxd -p -r <<< "${blockbytes:0:440*2}" | xxd -p | md5)
			FindHash "Block0 contents" "$MBRHASHES" "$HASH"
			xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16
		fi

		PARTTYPE="APM"
		PARTLIST=$(echo "$pdiskoutput" | sed -nE "/ *[0-9]+: +Apple_Free /d; /[0-9]+: +[0-9]+ @ [0-9]+, type=0x/d; / *([0-9]+): +([^ ]+) .* ([0-9]+) @ ([0-9]+).*/s//\1_\4_\3_\2/p")

	elif [ "$DTYPE" = "GUID_partition_scheme" ] || [ "$DTYPE" = "FDisk_partition_scheme" ]; then

		gptoutput="$(gpt -r show "$DRIVE" 2>&1)"
		gptoutput2="$(gpt -r show -l "$DRIVE" 2>&1)"
		fdiskoutput="$(fdisk "/dev/r$DRIVE")"

		echo
		echo "$gptoutput"
		! grep -q "illegal option -- l" <<< "$gptoutput2" && {
			echo
			echo "$gptoutput2"
		}
		echo
		echo "$fdiskoutput"

		HASH=$(xxd -p -r <<< "${blockbytes:0:440*2}" | xxd -p | md5)
		FindHash "MBR contents" "$MBRHASHES" "$HASH"
		xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16

		if [ "$DTYPE" = "FDisk_partition_scheme" ]; then
			PARTLIST=$(echo "$fdiskoutput" | sed -n -E "/^[ \*]+([0-9])\: ([0-9A-F]{2}) .*\[[ ]*([0-9]+) \-[ ]+([1-9][0-9]*)\].*$/s//\1_\3_\4_\2/p")
			PARTTYPE="MBR"
		else
			blockbytes=$(dd if="/dev/$DRIVE" bs="$BLOCKSIZE" skip=1 count=1 2> /dev/null | xxd -p -c 9999)
			HASH=$(xxd -p -r <<< "${blockbytes:96*2:416*2}" | xxd -p | md5)
			FindHash "GPT Header @ 1: GPT Header contents" "$VBRHASHES" "$HASH"
			xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16

			PARTLIST=$(echo "$gptoutput" | sed -n -E "/^[ ]+([0-9]+)[ ]+([0-9]+)[ ]+([0-9]+)[ ]+GPT part \- (.*)$/s//\3_\1_\2_\4/p")
			PARTTYPE="GPT"
		fi

	elif [ "$DTYPE" = "whole" ]; then
		HASH=$(xxd -p -r <<< "${blockbytes:0:416*2}" | xxd -p | md5)
		FindHash "0 @ 0: VBR contents" "$VBRHASHES" "$HASH"
		xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16
	else
		echo "Unknown partition scheme"
	fi

	if [[ -n $INPUTSLICE ]]; then
		PARTLIST="$(sed -nE "/^${INPUTSLICE}_/p" <<< "$PARTLIST")"
	fi

	for THEPART in $(echo $PARTLIST); do
		PNUM=$(   expr "$THEPART" : '\([0-9]*\)_')
		PSTART=$( expr "$THEPART" : '[0-9]*_\([0-9]*\)_[0-9]*')
		PLENGTH=$(expr "$THEPART" : '[0-9]*_[0-9]*_\([0-9]*\)')
		PTYPE=$(  expr "$THEPART" : '[0-9]*_[0-9]*_[0-9]*_\(.*\)')
		DEVICEID=$(stat -f "%r" "/dev/${DRIVE}s$PNUM")

		POFFSETS="_0"
		while [[ -n $POFFSETS ]]; do
			POFFSET=$(   expr "$POFFSETS" : '_\([0-9]*\)')
			POFFSETS=$(   expr "$POFFSETS" : '_[0-9]*\(_.*\)')

			if (( POFFSET >= PLENGTH )); then
				continue
			fi

			blockbytes=$(dd if="/dev/$DRIVE" bs="$BLOCKSIZE" skip=$((PSTART + POFFSET)) count=1 2> /dev/null | xxd -p -c 9999)

			if [[ $PTYPE = "Apple_Patches" ]]; then

				# Patches # https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn/tn1189.html#SecretsOfThePartitionMap

				echo
				echo "$PARTTYPE $PNUM @ ${PSTART}$( ((POFFSET > 0)) && printf "+%d" "$POFFSET" ): Driver Patches"

				numPatchBlocks=$((0x${blockbytes:0:4}))
				numPatches=$((0x${blockbytes:4:4}))
				printf "000: numPatchBlocks: %d\n" "$numPatchBlocks"

				byteoffset=4;
				for (( i=0; i < numPatches; i++ )); do
					printf "%03x: PatchDescriptor[%d]:\n" "$byteoffset" "$i"
					patchSig=$(sed -E 's/(00)+$//' <<< "${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2:8}" | xxd -p -r | tr '\0' '.')
					majorVers=$((0x${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+8:4}));
					minorVers=$((0x${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+12:4}));
					flags=$((0x${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+16:8}));
					patchOffset=$((0x${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+24:8}));
					patchSize=$((0x${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+32:8}));
					patchCRC=$((0x${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+40:8}));
					patchDescriptorLen=$((0x${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+48:8}));
					patchNameLen=$((0x${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+56:2}));
					patchName=$(pascalstring "${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+56:$patchNameLen*2+2}")
					patchVendorLen=$((0x${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+122:2}));
					patchVendor=$(pascalstring "${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+122:$patchVendorLen*2+2}")
					patchPad="${blockbytes:$byteoffset*2+124+$patchVendorLen*2:$patchDescriptorLen*2 - (124+$patchVendorLen*2)}"

					printf "%03x:     patchSig           : '%s'\n"   $((byteoffset+ 0)) "$patchSig"
					printf "%03x:     majorVers          : %d\n"     $((byteoffset+ 4)) "$majorVers"
					printf "%03x:     minorVers          : %d\n"     $((byteoffset+ 6)) "$minorVers"
					printf "%03x:     flags              : 0x%08x"   $((byteoffset+ 8)) "$flags"
					if (( flags )); then
						flagtext=$(
							((flags &  1)) && printf ",kRequiredPatch"
							((flags & ~1)) && printf ",0x%08x?" $((flags & ~1))
						)
						printf " = %s" "${flagtext:1}"
					fi
					printf "\n"
					printf "%03x:     patchOffset        : %d\n"     $((byteoffset+12)) "$patchOffset"
					printf "%03x:     patchSize          : %d\n"     $((byteoffset+16)) "$patchSize"
					printf "%03x:     patchCRC           : 0x%08x\n" $((byteoffset+20)) "$patchCRC"
					printf "%03x:     patchDescriptorLen : %d\n"     $((byteoffset+24)) "$patchDescriptorLen"
					printf "%03x:     patchName          : %s\n"     $((byteoffset+28)) "$patchName"
					printf "%03x:     patchVendor        : %s\n"     $((byteoffset+61)) "$patchVendor"
					[[ -n $patchPad ]] && printf "%03x:     patchPad           : %s\n" $((byteoffset+62+patchVendorLen)) "$patchPad"

					((byteoffset+=patchDescriptorLen))
				done # for numPatches

				echo
				xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16

			elif [[ ${blockbytes:0:4} == "504d" ]]; then # 'PM'

				first_pmMapBlkCnt=$((0x${blockbytes:8:8}))

				echo
				echo "$PARTTYPE $PNUM @ ${PSTART}$( ((POFFSET > 0)) && printf "+%d" "$POFFSET" ): Partition Map contents (${first_pmMapBlkCnt} partitions)"
				for ((i=0;i<PLENGTH;i++)); do
					if (( i > 0 )); then
						blockbytes=$(dd if="/dev/$DRIVE" bs="$BLOCKSIZE" skip=$((PSTART + POFFSET + i)) count=1 2> /dev/null | xxd -p -c 9999)
					fi
					if [[ -n ${blockbytes//0/} ]]; then
						# Partition
						pmSig="${blockbytes:0:4}"
						pmSigPad=$((0x${blockbytes:4:4}))
						pmMapBlkCnt=$((0x${blockbytes:8:8}))
						pmPyPartStart=$((0x${blockbytes:16:8}))
						pmPartBlkCnt=$((0x${blockbytes:24:8}))
						pmPartName=$(sed -E 's/(00)+$//' <<< "${blockbytes:32:64}" | xxd -p -r | tr '\0' '.')
						pmParType=$(sed -E 's/(00)+$//' <<< "${blockbytes:96:64}" | xxd -p -r | tr '\0' '.')
						pmLgDataStart=$((0x${blockbytes:160:8}))
						pmDataCnt=$((0x${blockbytes:168:8}))
						pmPartStatus=$((0x${blockbytes:176:8}))
						pmLgBootStart=$((0x${blockbytes:184:8}))
						pmBootSize=$((0x${blockbytes:192:8}))
						pmBootAddr=$((0x${blockbytes:200:8}))
						pmBootAddr2=$((0x${blockbytes:208:8}))
						pmBootEntry=$((0x${blockbytes:216:8}))
						pmBootEntry2=$((0x${blockbytes:224:8}))
						pmBootCksum=$((0x${blockbytes:232:8}))
						pmProcessor=$(sed -E 's/(00)+$//' <<< "${blockbytes:240:32}" | xxd -p -r | tr '\0' '.')
						pmPad1="${blockbytes:272:256}"
						pmPad2=$(sed -E 's/(00)+$//' <<< "${blockbytes:528}")

						printf "%2d:" "$((i+1))"
						printf " %10d @ %-10d" \
							"$pmPartBlkCnt" \
							"$pmPyPartStart"

						[[ $pmSig != 504d ]] && printf " Sig:0x%s?" "$pmSig"
						[[ -n $pmParType ]] && printf " Type:\"%s\"" "$pmParType"
						[[ -n $pmPartName ]] && printf " Name:\"%s\"" "$pmPartName"
						(( pmSigPad )) && printf " SigPad:0x%04X" "$pmSigPad"
						(( pmMapBlkCnt != first_pmMapBlkCnt )) && printf " MapBlkCnt:%d" "$pmMapBlkCnt"
						(( pmLgDataStart )) && printf " LgDataStart:%d" "$pmLgDataStart"

						blockbytes2=${blockbytes:160}
						if [[ -n ${blockbytes2//0/} ]]; then

							(( pmDataCnt != pmPartBlkCnt )) && printf " DataCnt:%d" "$pmDataCnt"
							(( pmPartStatus )) && {
								statustext=$(
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000001 )) && printf ",Valid" # AUX
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000002 )) && printf ",Allocated" # AUX
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000004 )) && printf ",InUse" # AUX
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000008 )) && printf ",Bootable" # AUX
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000010 )) && printf ",Readable" # AUX
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000020 )) && printf ",Writeable" # AUX and Mac OS
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000040 )) && printf ",BootCodePositionIndependent" # AUX
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000080 )) && printf ",OSSpecific2" # ?
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000100 )) && printf ",ChainCompatible" # driver
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000200 )) && printf ",RealDeviceDriver" # driver
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x00000400 )) && printf ",CanChainToNext" # driver
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x40000000 )) && printf ",MountedAtStartup" # Mac OS
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x80000000 )) && printf ",Startup" # Mac OS
									(( pmPartStatus & 0x3FFFF800 )) && printf ",0x%x?" $((pmPartStatus & 0x3FFFF800))
								)
								printf " Status:%08X=%s" "$pmPartStatus" "${statustext:1}"
							}

							(( pmLgBootStart )) && printf " LgBootStart:%d" "$pmLgBootStart"
							(( pmBootSize )) && printf " BootSize:%d" "$pmBootSize"
							(( pmBootAddr )) && printf " BootAddr:0x%08X" "$pmBootAddr"
							(( pmBootAddr2 )) && printf " BootAddr2:0x%08X" "$pmBootAddr2"
							(( pmBootEntry )) && printf " BootEntry:0x%08X" "$pmBootEntry"
							(( pmBootEntry2 )) && printf " BootEntry2:0x%08X" "$pmBootEntry2"
							(( pmBootCksum )) && printf " BootCksum:0x%08X" "$pmBootCksum"
							[[ -n $pmProcessor ]] && printf " Processor:\"%s\"" "$pmProcessor"
							[[ -n ${pmPad1//0/} ]] && {
								printf " Pad1:%s" "$(sed -E 's/(00)+$//' <<< "${pmPad1}")"
								[ "${pmPad1:0:8}" = 70744452 ] && printf " = 'ptDR' = kPatchDriverSignature"
								[ "${pmPad1:0:8}" = 00010600 ] && printf "00 = kSCSIDriverSignature"
								[ "${pmPad1:0:8}" = 77696b69 ] && printf " = 'wiki' = kATADriverSignature"
								[ "${pmPad1:0:8}" = 43447672 ] && printf " = 'CDvr' = kSCSICDDriverSignature"
								[ "${pmPad1:0:8}" = 41545049 ] && printf " = 'ATPI' = kATAPIDriverSignature"
								[ "${pmPad1:0:8}" = 44535531 ] && printf " = 'DSU1' = kDriveSetupHFSSignature"
							}
							[[ -n $pmPad2 ]] && printf " Pad2:%s" "$pmPad2"
						fi
						printf "\n"
					fi
				done # for APM block

			elif [[ ${blockbytes:0:4} == "4c4b" ]]; then # 'LK'
				# Boot Blocks # https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/mac/pdf/Files/File_Manager.pdf

				# BootBlkHdr
				#bbID=$((0x${blockbytes:0:4}))
				bbEntry=$((0x${blockbytes:4:8}))
				bbVersion=$((0x${blockbytes:12:4}))
				bbPageFlags=$((0x${blockbytes:16:4}))
				bbSysName=$(   pascalstring "${blockbytes:20:32}" )
				bbShellName=$( pascalstring "${blockbytes:52:32}" )
				bbDbg1Name=$(  pascalstring "${blockbytes:84:32}" )
				bbDbg2Name=$(  pascalstring "${blockbytes:116:32}" )
				bbScreenName=$(pascalstring "${blockbytes:148:32}" )
				bbHelloName=$( pascalstring "${blockbytes:180:32}" )
				bbScrapName=$( pascalstring "${blockbytes:212:32}" )
				bbCntFCBs=$((0x${blockbytes:244:4}))
				bbCntEvts=$((0x${blockbytes:248:4}))
				bb128KSHeap=$((0x${blockbytes:252:8}))
				bb256KSHeap=$((0x${blockbytes:260:8}))
				bbSysHeapSize=$((0x${blockbytes:268:8}))
				filler=$((0x${blockbytes:276:4}))
				bbSysHeapExtra=$((0x${blockbytes:280:8}))
				bbSysHeapFract=$((0x${blockbytes:288:8}))

				echo
				echo "$PARTTYPE $PNUM @ ${PSTART}$( ((POFFSET > 0)) && printf "+%d" "$POFFSET" ): Boot Block Header contents"

				CODESTART=$((0x94))
				printf "000: bbID          : 'LK'\n"
				printf "002: bbEntry       : 0x%08x" "$bbEntry"
				if (( (bbEntry & 0xffff0000) == 0x60000000 )); then
					CODESTART=$(((bbEntry & 0xffff) + 4))
					printf " = BRA.S *+$%X to offset 0x%03x" $(( CODESTART - 2)) "$CODESTART"
					(( CODESTART - 2 == 0x8a )) && printf " (after old header)"
					(( CODESTART - 2 == 0x94 )) && printf " (after new header)"
				fi
				printf "\n"
				printf "006: bbVersion     : 0x%04x" "$bbVersion"
				(( bbVersion )) && {
					printf " ="
					(( bbVersion & 0xff00 )) && {
						printf " flags:("
						if (( bbVersion & 0x8000 )); then
							printf "new header"
							(( bbVersion & 0x4000 )) && printf ", execute boot code"
							(( bbVersion & 0x2000 )) && printf ", use relative system heap - bbSysHeapExtra and bbSysHeapFract instead of bbSysHeapSize"
							(( bbVersion & 0x1f00 )) && printf ", 0x%02x?" $(( (bbVersion & 0x1f00) >> 8 ))
						else
							printf "old header"
							(( bbVersion & 0x7f00 )) && printf ", 0x%02x?" $(( (bbVersion & 0x7f00) >> 8 ))
						fi
						printf ")"
					}
					(( bbVersion & 0xff )) && {
						(( bbVersion & 0xff00 )) && printf ","
						printf " version:%d.%d:(" $(( (bbVersion >> 4) & 15 )) $(( bbVersion & 15 ))
						(( (bbVersion & 0xff) < 0x15 )) && printf "ignore bb128KSHeap and bb256KSHeap and use default of bbSysHeapSize"
						(( (bbVersion & 0xff) >= 0x15 )) && printf "use bbSysHeapSize" # How is this different than < 0x15? the documentation for this is bad
						(( (bbVersion & 0xff) == 0xD )) && printf ", don't execute boot code" # I don't know if this is correct; the documentation for this is bad
						printf ")"
					}
					printf "\n"
				}

				((bbPageFlags)) && {
					# https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/dv/dv_03.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/DTS10002393
					printf "008: bbPageFlags   : 0x%04x =" "$bbPageFlags"
					if ((bbPageFlags & 0x8000)); then
						printf "allocate both video and sound buffers"
					else
						((bbPageFlags > 0)) && printf "allocate only the secondary sound buffer"
					fi
					printf "\n"
				}
				printf "00a: bbSysName     : %s\n" "$bbSysName"
				printf "01a: bbShellName   : %s\n" "$bbShellName"
				printf "02a: bbDbg1Name    : %s\n" "$bbDbg1Name"
				printf "03a: bbDbg2Name    : %s\n" "$bbDbg2Name"
				printf "04a: bbScreenName  : %s\n" "$bbScreenName"
				printf "05a: bbHelloName   : %s\n" "$bbHelloName"
				printf "06a: bbScrapName   : %s\n" "$bbScrapName"
				printf "07a: bbCntFCBs     : %d\n" "$bbCntFCBs"
				printf "07c: bbCntEvts     : %d\n" "$bbCntEvts"
				printf "07e: bb128KSHeap   : %d\n" "$bb128KSHeap"
				printf "082: bb256KSHeap   : %d\n" "$bb256KSHeap"
				printf "086: bbSysHeapSize : %d\n" "$bbSysHeapSize"
				((CODESTART > 0x8a)) && printf "08a: filler        : 0x%08x\n" "$filler"
				((CODESTART > 0x8c)) && printf "08c: bbSysHeapExtra: 0x%08x\n" "$bbSysHeapExtra"
				((CODESTART > 0x90)) && printf "090: bbSysHeapFract: 0x%08x\n" "$bbSysHeapFract"
				printf "%03x: boot code\n" "$CODESTART"

				echo
				xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16

				((POFFSET++))
				blockbytes=$(dd if="/dev/$DRIVE" bs="$BLOCKSIZE" skip=$((PSTART + POFFSET)) count=1 2> /dev/null | xxd -p -c 9999)
				echo
				echo "$PARTTYPE $PNUM @ ${PSTART}$( ((POFFSET > 0)) && printf "+%d" "$POFFSET" ): 2nd Boot Block contents"
				xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16

				((POFFSET++))
				POFFSETS="_${POFFSET}${POFFSETS}"
				#printf "queued first MDB after boot blocks: $POFFSETS\n"


			elif [[ ${blockbytes:0:4} == "4244" ]]; then # 'BD'
				# Master Directory Blocks # https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/mac/pdf/Files/File_Manager.pdf

				# MDB
				#drSigWord=${blockbytes:0x000*2:4}
				drCrDate=$((0x${blockbytes:0x002*2:8}))
				drLsMod=$((0x${blockbytes:0x006*2:8}))
				drAtrb=$((0x${blockbytes:0x00a*2:4}))
				drNmFls=$((0x${blockbytes:0x00c*2:4}))
				drVBMSt=$((0x${blockbytes:0x00e*2:4}))
				drAllocPtr=$((0x${blockbytes:0x010*2:4}))
				drNmAlBlks=$((0x${blockbytes:0x012*2:4}))
				drAlBlkSiz=$((0x${blockbytes:0x014*2:8}))
				drClpSiz=$((0x${blockbytes:0x018*2:8}))
				drAlBlSt=$((0x${blockbytes:0x01c*2:4}))
				drNxtCNID=$((0x${blockbytes:0x01e*2:8}))
				drFreeBks=$((0x${blockbytes:0x022*2:4}))
				drVN="$(pascalstring "${blockbytes:0x024*2:28*2}")"
				drVolBkUp=$((0x${blockbytes:0x040*2:8}))
				drVSeqNum=$((0x${blockbytes:0x044*2:4}))
				drWrCnt=$((0x${blockbytes:0x046*2:8}))
				drXTClpSiz=$((0x${blockbytes:0x04a*2:8}))
				drCTClpSiz=$((0x${blockbytes:0x04e*2:8}))
				drNmRtDirs=$((0x${blockbytes:0x052*2:4}))
				drFilCnt=$((0x${blockbytes:0x054*2:8}))
				drDirCnt=$((0x${blockbytes:0x058*2:8}))
				drFndrInfo="${blockbytes:0x05c*2:64}"

				drVCSize=$((0x${blockbytes:0x07c*2:4}))
				drVBMCSize=$((0x${blockbytes:0x07e*2:4}))
				drCtlCSize=$((0x${blockbytes:0x080*2:4}))

				drEmbedSigWord="$drVCSize"
				drEmbedExtent_startBlock="$drVBMCSize"
				drEmbedExtent_blockCount="$drCtlCSize"

				drXTFlSize=$((0x${blockbytes:0x082*2:8}))
				drXTExtRec="${blockbytes:0x086*2:24}"
				drCTFlSize=$((0x${blockbytes:0x092*2:8}))
				drCTExtRec="${blockbytes:0x096*2:24}"

				echo
				echo "$PARTTYPE $PNUM @ ${PSTART}$( ((POFFSET > 0)) && printf "+%d" "$POFFSET" ): Master Directory Block contents"

				printf "000: drSigWord     : 'BD' = kHFSSigWord\n"
				printf "002: drCrDate      : %s\n" "$( ((drCrDate)) && date -r $((drCrDate-2082844800)))"
				printf "006: drLsMod       : %s\n" "$( ((drLsMod )) && date -r $((drLsMod -2082844800)))"
				((drAtrb)) && {
					attributestext=$(
						((drAtrb & 0x0080)) && printf ",VolumeHardwareLock"
						((drAtrb & 0x0100)) && printf ",VolumeUnmounted"
						((drAtrb & 0x0200)) && printf ",VolumeSparedBlocks"
						((drAtrb & 0x0400)) && printf ",VolumeNoCacheRequired"
						((drAtrb & 0x0800)) && printf ",BootVolumeInconsistent"
						((drAtrb & 0x1000)) && printf ",CatalogNodeIDsReused"
						((drAtrb & 0x2000)) && printf ",VolumeJournaled"
						((drAtrb & 0x4000)) && printf ",VolumeInconsistent"
						((drAtrb & 0x8000)) && printf ",VolumeSoftwareLock"
						((drAtrb & 0x007f)) && printf ",0x%04x?" $((drAtrb & 0x007f))
					)
					printf "00a: drAtrb        : 0x%04x = %s\n" "$drAtrb" "${attributestext:1}"
				}

				printf "00c: drNmFls       : %d\n" "$drNmFls"
				printf "00e: drVBMSt       : %d\n" "$drVBMSt"
				printf "010: drAllocPtr    : %d\n" "$drAllocPtr"
				printf "012: drNmAlBlks    : %d\n" "$drNmAlBlks"
				printf "014: drAlBlkSiz    : %d\n" "$drAlBlkSiz"
				printf "018: drClpSiz      : %d\n" "$drClpSiz"
				printf "01c: drAlBlSt      : %d\n" "$drAlBlSt"
				printf "01e: drNxtCNID     : %d\n" "$drNxtCNID"
				printf "022: drFreeBks     : %d\n" "$drFreeBks"
				printf "024: drVN          : %s\n" "$drVN"
				printf "040: drVolBkUp     : %s\n" "$( ((drVolBkUp)) && date -r $((drVolBkUp-2082844800)))"
				printf "044: drVSeqNum     : %d\n" "$drVSeqNum"
				printf "046: drWrCnt       : %d\n" "$drWrCnt"
				printf "04a: drXTClpSiz    : %d\n" "$drXTClpSiz"
				printf "04e: drCTClpSiz    : %d\n" "$drCTClpSiz"
				printf "052: drNmRtDirs    : %d\n" "$drNmRtDirs"
				printf "054: drFilCnt      : %d\n" "$drFilCnt"
				printf "058: drDirCnt      : %d\n" "$drDirCnt"
				printf "05c: drFndrInfo:\n"
				printf "05c:     Blessed System Folder            : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${drFndrInfo: 0: 8}))" )"
				printf "060:     Blessed System File              : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${drFndrInfo: 8: 8}))" )"
				printf "064:     Open-folder linked list          : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${drFndrInfo:16: 8}))" )"
				printf "068:     Alternate OS blessed file/folder : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${drFndrInfo:24: 8}))" )"
		  dumpencoding "06c:     Text encoding                    :"           "$((0x${drFndrInfo:32: 8}))"
				printf "070:     OS X blessed folder              : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${drFndrInfo:40: 8}))" )"
				printf "074:     64-bit VSDB volume id            : 0x%016X => Volume UUID: %s\n" $((0x${drFndrInfo:48:16})) "$(vsdbtouuid "${drFndrInfo:48:16}")"

				if (( drEmbedSigWord == 0x482b )); then
					printf "07c: drEmbedSigWord: %d = 'H+' = kHFSPlusSigWord\n" "$drEmbedSigWord"
					printf "07e: drEmbedExtent.startBlock : %d\n" "$drEmbedExtent_startBlock"
					printf "080: drEmbedExtent.blockCount : %d\n" "$drEmbedExtent_blockCount"
				else
					printf "07c: drVCSize : %d\n" "$drVCSize"
					printf "07e: drVBMCSize : %d\n" "$drVBMCSize"
					printf "080: drCtlCSize : %d\n" "$drCtlCSize"
				fi

				printf "082: drXTFlSize    : %d\n" "$drXTFlSize"
				printf "086: drXTExtRec    : %s\n" "$(extentstring "$drXTExtRec")"
				printf "092: drCTFlSize    : %d\n" "$drCTFlSize"
				printf "096: drCTExtRec    : %s\n" "$(extentstring "$drCTExtRec")"

				echo
				xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16

				if ((POFFSET < drNmAlBlks * (drAlBlkSiz / 512) - 2)); then
					# queue up location of alternate Master Directory Block
					POFFSETS="_$((PLENGTH-2))_$((PLENGTH-1))${POFFSETS}"
					#printf "queued 2alternate MDB: $POFFSETS \n"

					if (( drEmbedSigWord == 0x482b )); then
						# queue up location of wrapped HFS+ partition
						hfsplusblock=$(( drAlBlSt + drEmbedExtent_startBlock * (drAlBlkSiz / 512) ))
						POFFSETS="${POFFSETS}_$((hfsplusblock))_$((hfsplusblock+1))_$((hfsplusblock+2))"
						#printf "queued 3wrapped: $POFFSETS \n"
					fi
				fi

			elif [[ ${blockbytes:0:4} == "482b" ]] || [[ ${blockbytes:0:4} == "4858" ]]; then # 'H+' or 'HX'
				# Master Directory Blocks # https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/mac/pdf/Files/File_Manager.pdf

				# HFS Plus Volume Header
				signature=$((0x${blockbytes:0x000*2:4}))
				signatureChars=$(sed -E 's/(00)+$//' <<< "${blockbytes:0x000*2:4}" | xxd -p -r | tr '\0' '.')
				version=$((0x${blockbytes:0x002*2:4}))
				attributes=$((0x${blockbytes:0x004*2:8}))
				lastMountedVersion=$((0x${blockbytes:0x008*2:8}))
				lastMountedVersionChars=$(sed -E 's/(00)+$//' <<< "${blockbytes:0x008*2:8}" | xxd -p -r | tr '\0' '.')
				journalInfoBlock=$((0x${blockbytes:0x00c*2:8}))
				createDate=$((0x${blockbytes:0x010*2:8}))
				modifyDate=$((0x${blockbytes:0x014*2:8}))
				backupDate=$((0x${blockbytes:0x018*2:8}))
				checkedDate=$((0x${blockbytes:0x01c*2:8}))
				fileCount=$((0x${blockbytes:0x020*2:8}))
				folderCount=$((0x${blockbytes:0x024*2:8}))
				blockSize=$((0x${blockbytes:0x028*2:8}))
				totalBlocks=$((0x${blockbytes:0x02c*2:8}))
				freeBlocks=$((0x${blockbytes:0x030*2:8}))
				nextAllocation=$((0x${blockbytes:0x034*2:8}))
				rsrcClumpSize=$((0x${blockbytes:0x038*2:8}))
				dataClumpSize=$((0x${blockbytes:0x03c*2:8}))
				nextCatalogID=$((0x${blockbytes:0x040*2:8}))
				writeCount=$((0x${blockbytes:0x044*2:8}))
				encodingsBitmap=$((0x${blockbytes:0x048*2:16}))
				finderInfo="${blockbytes:0x050*2:64}"
				allocationFile="${blockbytes:0x070*2:160}"
				extentsFile="${blockbytes:0x0c0*2:160}"
				catalogFile="${blockbytes:0x110*2:160}"
				attributesFile="${blockbytes:0x160*2:160}"
				startupFile="${blockbytes:0x1b0*2:160}"

				echo
				echo "$PARTTYPE $PNUM @ ${PSTART}$( ((POFFSET > 0)) && printf "+%d" "$POFFSET" ): HFS Plus Volume Header contents"

				printf "000: signature          : '%s'" "$signatureChars"
				((signature == 0x482b )) && printf " = kHFSPlusSigWord"
				((signature == 0x4858 )) && printf " = kHFSXSigWord"
				printf "\n"

				printf "002: version            : %d" "$version"
				((version == 4 )) && printf " = kHFSPlusVersion"
				((version == 5 )) && printf " = kHFSXVersion"
				printf "\n"

				((attributes)) && {
					attributestext=$(
						((attributes & 0x00000080)) && printf ",VolumeHardwareLock"
						((attributes & 0x00000100)) && printf ",VolumeUnmounted"
						((attributes & 0x00000200)) && printf ",VolumeSparedBlocks"
						((attributes & 0x00000400)) && printf ",VolumeNoCacheRequired"
						((attributes & 0x00000800)) && printf ",BootVolumeInconsistent"
						((attributes & 0x00001000)) && printf ",CatalogNodeIDsReused"
						((attributes & 0x00002000)) && printf ",VolumeJournaled"
						((attributes & 0x00004000)) && printf ",VolumeInconsistent"
						((attributes & 0x00008000)) && printf ",VolumeSoftwareLock"
						((attributes & 0x40000000)) && printf ",ContentProtection"
						((attributes & 0x80000000)) && printf ",UnusedNodeFix"
						((attributes & 0x3fff007f)) && printf ",0x%08x?" $((drAtrb & 0x3fff007f))
					)
					printf "004: attributes         : 0x%08x = %s\n" "$attributes" "${attributestext:1}"
				}

				printf "008: lastMountedVersion : 0x%08x = '%s'" "$lastMountedVersion" "$lastMountedVersionChars"
				((lastMountedVersion == 0x31302E30 )) && printf " = kHFSPlusMountVersion" # '10.0'; (Mac OS 8.1 to 9.2.2 is '8.10')
				((lastMountedVersion == 0x4846534a )) && printf " = kHFSJMountVersion"
				((lastMountedVersion == 0x46534b21 )) && printf " = kFSKMountVersion"
				printf "\n"

				((journalInfoBlock || (attributes & 0x00002000) )) && printf "00c: journalInfoBlock   : %d\n" "$journalInfoBlock"
				printf "010: createDate         : %s\n" "$( ((createDate )) && date -r $((createDate -2082844800)))"
				printf "014: modifyDate         : %s\n" "$( ((modifyDate )) && date -r $((modifyDate -2082844800)))"
				printf "018: backupDate         : %s\n" "$( ((backupDate )) && date -r $((backupDate -2082844800)))"
				printf "01c: checkedDate        : %s\n" "$( ((checkedDate)) && date -r $((checkedDate-2082844800)))"
				printf "020: fileCount          : %d\n" "$fileCount"
				printf "024: folderCount        : %d\n" "$folderCount"
				printf "028: blockSize          : %d\n" "$blockSize"
				printf "02c: totalBlocks        : %d\n" "$totalBlocks"
				printf "030: freeBlocks         : %d\n" "$freeBlocks"
				printf "034: nextAllocation     : %d\n" "$nextAllocation"
				printf "038: rsrcClumpSize      : %d\n" "$rsrcClumpSize"
				printf "03c: dataClumpSize      : %d\n" "$dataClumpSize"
				printf "040: nextCatalogID      : %d\n" "$nextCatalogID"
				printf "044: writeCount         : %d\n" "$writeCount"
				((encodingsBitmap)) && {
					encodings=$(
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<< 0))) && printf ",MacRoman"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<< 1))) && printf ",MacJapanese"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<< 2))) && printf ",MacChineseTrad"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<< 3))) && printf ",MacKorean"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<< 4))) && printf ",MacArabic"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<< 5))) && printf ",MacHebrew"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<< 6))) && printf ",MacGreek"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<< 7))) && printf ",MacCyrillic"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<< 9))) && printf ",MacDevanagari"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<10))) && printf ",MacGurmukhi"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<11))) && printf ",MacGujarati"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<12))) && printf ",MacOriya"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<13))) && printf ",MacBengali"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<14))) && printf ",MacTamil"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<15))) && printf ",MacTelugu"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<16))) && printf ",MacKannada"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<17))) && printf ",MacMalayalam"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<18))) && printf ",MacSinhalese"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<19))) && printf ",MacBurmese"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<20))) && printf ",MacKhmer"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<21))) && printf ",MacThai"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<22))) && printf ",MacLaotian"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<23))) && printf ",MacGeorgian"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<24))) && printf ",MacArmenian"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<25))) && printf ",MacChineseSimp"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<26))) && printf ",MacTibetan"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<27))) && printf ",MacMongolian"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<28))) && printf ",MacEthiopic"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<29))) && printf ",MacCentralEurRoman"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<30))) && printf ",MacVietnamese"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<31))) && printf ",MacExtArabic"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<33))) && printf ",MacSymbol"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<34))) && printf ",MacDingbats"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<35))) && printf ",MacTurkish"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<36))) && printf ",MacCroatian"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<37))) && printf ",MacIcelandic"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<38))) && printf ",MacRomanian"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<48))) && printf ",MacUkrainian"
						((encodingsBitmap & (1<<49))) && printf ",MacFarsi"
						((encodingsBitmap & (0xfffcff81 << 32))) && printf ",0x%016x?" $((encodingsBitmap & (0xfffcff81 << 32)))
					)
					printf "048: encodingsBitmap    : 0x%016x = %s" "$encodingsBitmap" "${encodings:1}"
				}
				printf "\n"
				printf "050: finderInfo:\n"
				printf "050:     Blessed System Folder            : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${finderInfo: 0: 8}))" )"
				printf "054:     Blessed System File              : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${finderInfo: 8: 8}))" )"
				printf "058:     Open-folder linked list          : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${finderInfo:16: 8}))" )"
				printf "05c:     Alternate OS blessed file/folder : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${finderInfo:24: 8}))" )"
		  dumpencoding "060:     Text encoding                    :"           "$((0x${finderInfo:32: 8}))"
				printf "064:     OS X blessed folder              : %s\n"      "$(inodestring "$DEVICEID" "$((0x${finderInfo:40: 8}))" )"
				printf "068:     64-bit VSDB volume id            : 0x%016X => Volume UUID: %s\n" $(((0x${finderInfo:48:8} << 32) | 0x${finderInfo:56:8} )) "$(vsdbtouuid "${finderInfo:48:16}")"
				printf "070: allocationFile     : %s\n" "$(forkdatastring "$allocationFile" )"
				printf "0c0: extentsFile        : %s\n" "$(forkdatastring "$extentsFile"    )"
				printf "110: catalogFile        : %s\n" "$(forkdatastring "$catalogFile"    )"
				printf "160: attributesFile     : %s\n" "$(forkdatastring "$attributesFile" )"
				printf "1b0: startupFile        : %s\n" "$(forkdatastring "$startupFile"    )"

				echo
				xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16

				if ((POFFSET < PLENGTH-4)); then
					# queue up location of alternate HFS Plus Volume Header

					# HFS+ volume starts at POFFSET - 2
					endoffset=$((POFFSET - 2 + totalBlocks * (blockSize / 512)))

					POFFSETS="_$((endoffset - 2))_$((endoffset - 1))${POFFSETS}"
					#printf "queued alternate HFS+ Header: $POFFSETS\n"
				fi

			else
				if (( 0x${blockbytes:0x20*2:8} == 0x4e585342 )); then # 'NXSB'
					echo
					echo "$PARTTYPE $PNUM @ ${PSTART}$( ((POFFSET > 0)) && printf "+%d" "$POFFSET" ): APFS Container contents"
				else
					HASH=$(xxd -p -r <<< "${blockbytes:96*2:416*2}" | xxd -p | md5)
					FindHash "$PARTTYPE $PNUM @ ${PSTART}$( ((POFFSET > 0)) && printf "+%d" "$POFFSET" ): $(
						((POFFSET==0)) && printf "VBR "
					)contents" "$VBRHASHES" "$HASH"
				fi

				if [[ -n ${blockbytes//0/} ]]; then
					xxd -p -r <<< "$blockbytes" | xxd -c 16
				elif [[ -z $POFFSETS ]] && (( POFFSET < 2 )); then
					POFFSETS="_$((POFFSET+1))"
					#printf "queued after zero block: $POFFSETS\n"
				fi
			fi
		done # while POFFSETS
	done # while THEPART

done
#exit

if [[ -n $INPUTDISK ]]; then
	echo "==============================================================================="
	ioreg -w 0 -c IOMedia | sed -n -E "/^[ \|]*\+\-o (.*)  <class IOMedia[^a-zA-Z]/,/^[ \|]+ }$/p" | {
		sed -n -E "/^[ \|]*\+\-o (.*)/s//\1/p;/^[ \|]* \| (.*)/s//\1/p;"
	} | {
		perl -0777 -n -e 'while (/(^.*? <class IOMedia.*\n\{\n(  .*\n)*^  "BSD Name" = "('"$INPUTDISK"'[^\d]|'"${INPUTDISK/s[0-9]*/}"'").*\n(  .*\n)*?^}\n)/mg) { printf "$1\n" }'
	}
	echo "==============================================================================="
else
	echo "==============================================================================="
	ioreg -w 0 -c IOMedia | sed -n -E "/^[ \|]*\+\-o (.*)  <class IOMedia[^a-zA-Z]/,/^[ \|]+ }$/p" | sed -n -E "/^[ \|]*\+\-o (.*)/s//\1/p;/^[ \|]* \| (.*)/s//\1/p;"
	echo "==============================================================================="
	bless --verbose --getBoot
	echo "==============================================================================="
	bless --verbose --info
	echo "==============================================================================="
	#ioreg -rw 0 -n AppleEFINVRAM 2> /dev/null | sed -n -E "/^[ \|]+[ ]+(\".*)$/s//\1/p;"
	ioreg -lw0 -p IODeviceTree 2> /dev/null | sed -nE '/o chosen/,/}$/p ; /o option/,/}$/p ; /o aliases/,/}$/p ' | sed -nE "/^[ \|]+[ ]+(\".*)$/s//    \1/p; / +\+\-o (.*) +<class ([^,]+).*/s//\1 <\2>/p"
	echo "==============================================================================="
fi