Sure, lots of SQLCLR examples show you how to use .NET Regex to test if a string matches a pattern. But these functions will let you get a list of matches, replace substrings, capture named groups, split strings, and more. (Note that this is not a complete and buildable solution. There's plenty of info out there about creating a SQLCLR project i…

RegexExamples.sql

-- Produces a table of matches within the string, along with the
-- character position and length of the matches.

SELECT * FROM Utils.RegexMatches('There are 10 people in 5 groups of 2.', '\d+');

-- Produces a table of all the matched group expressions within the
-- string, along with the character position and length of the substrings.

SELECT * FROM Utils.RegexGroups('someone@somewhere.org', '^(?<user>[^@]+)@(?<domain>.*)$');

-- Prints out the domain portion of the email address

PRINT Utils.GetMatch('someone@somewhere.org', '^(?<user>[^@]+)@(?<domain>.*)$', 'domain');
PRINT Utils.GetMatch('someone@somewhere.org', '^(?<user>[^@]+)@(?<domain>.*)$', '2'); -- equivalent

-- Prints out the entire match

PRINT Utils.GetMatch('someone@somewhere.org', '^(?<user>[^@]+)@(?<domain>.*)$', NULL);

RegexFunctions.cs

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{

    /// <summary>
    /// Given an input string, escapes any special regex characters so that they are not interpreted
    /// as regular expression language elements. For example, parenthases will be escaped to \(.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="input">The input string to escape.</param>
    /// <returns>The escaped string.</returns>
    [SqlFunction( IsDeterministic = true )]
    [return: SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]
    public static SqlString EscapeRegex( [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString input )
    {

        // null handling
        if ( input.IsNull ) {
            return SqlString.Null;
        }

        return Regex.Escape( (string)input );

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns true if the specified input string matches the specified regex pattern, otherwise false.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="input">The input string to test against pattern.</param>
    /// <param name="pattern">A regular expression pattern to match input against.</param>
    /// <returns>True if input matches pattern, otherwise false.</returns>
    [SqlFunction( IsDeterministic = true )]
    [return: SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]
    public static SqlBoolean IsMatch( [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString input, [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString pattern )
    {

        // null handling
        if ( input.IsNull || pattern.IsNull ) {
            return SqlBoolean.Null;
        }

        return Regex.IsMatch( (string)input, (string)pattern, RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Singleline );

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Matches a given input string against a regular expression, and if the string matches, returns the
    /// subexpression captured by the specified named or numeric group, or the entire matched string if
    /// a group is not specified.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="input">The input string to test against pattern.</param>
    /// <param name="pattern">A regular expression pattern to match input against.</param>
    /// <param name="group">The name or numeric position of a captured group within the match to return, or null to return the entire match.</param>
    /// <returns>If the regex match passes: The value of a captured group within the matched string if a named or numeric group is specified, otherwise
    /// returns the entire match. If the regex match does not pass: Null.</returns>
    [SqlFunction( IsDeterministic = true )]
    [return: SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]
    public static SqlString GetMatch( [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString input, [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )] SqlString pattern, [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString group )
    {

        // null handling
        if ( input.IsNull || pattern.IsNull ) {
            return SqlString.Null;
        }

        Match match = Regex.Match( (string)input, (string)pattern, RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Singleline );
        if ( match != null && match.Success ) {

            // If they did not request a group, just return the whole match
            if ( group.IsNull ) {
                return match.Value;
            }

            // If they requested a group, was it a number or named group?
            int matchGroupNumber;
            if ( Int32.TryParse( (string)group, out matchGroupNumber ) ) {

                // they requested a match group by number
                Group matchGroup = match.Groups[matchGroupNumber];
                if ( matchGroup != null && matchGroup.Success ) {
                    return matchGroup.Value;
                }

            }
            else {

                // they requested a match group by name
                Group matchGroup = match.Groups[(string)group];
                if ( matchGroup != null && matchGroup.Success ) {
                    return matchGroup.Value;
                }

            }


        }

        return SqlString.Null;

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Uses a regular expression to find a substring within the input string and replace it with a replacement
    /// expression (which may refer to capture groups within the match using $1, etc.) and returns the result.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="input">The input string to search against.</param>
    /// <param name="pattern">A regular expression pattern to match input against.</param>
    /// <param name="replacement">A replacement expression to replace matches within the input string.</param>
    /// <returns>The input string with all occurrences of substrings matching pattern replaced with replacement.</returns>
    [SqlFunction( IsDeterministic = true )]
    [return: SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]
    public static SqlString Replace( [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString input, [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString pattern, [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString replacement )
    {

        // null handling
        if ( input.IsNull || pattern.IsNull ) {
            return SqlString.Null;
        }

        return Regex.Replace( (string)input, (string)pattern, (string)replacement ?? String.Empty, RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Singleline );

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Matches a given input string against a regular expression pattern and returns a table that contains
    /// the captured groups within the match and their positions within the string.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="input">The input string to match against.</param>
    /// <param name="pattern">A regular expression pattern.</param>
    /// <returns>A table of captured groups within the match, or an empty table if the input string did not match.</returns>
    [SqlFunction( FillRowMethodName = "RegexGroups_FillRow", TableDefinition = "Number int, Name nvarchar(255), Value nvarchar(max), Start int, Length int" )]
    public static System.Collections.IEnumerable RegexGroups( [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString input, [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString pattern )
    {

        // null handling
        if ( !input.IsNull && !pattern.IsNull ) {

            var regex = new Regex( (string)pattern, RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Singleline );
            var match = regex.Match( (string)input );

            if ( match.Success ) {

                var results = new RegexMatchGroup[match.Groups.Count];
                for ( int i = 0 ; i < results.Length ; i++ ) {
                    results[i] = new RegexMatchGroup {
                        Number = i,
                        Name = regex.GroupNameFromNumber( i ),
                        Value = match.Groups[i].Value,
                        Index = match.Groups[i].Index,
                        Length = match.Groups[i].Length
                    };
                }

                return results;

            }
        }

        return new RegexMatchGroup[0];

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The private 'fill method' for the RegexGroups function.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="row">The custom row data passed from the RegexGroups function.</param>
    /// <param name="number">The group index.</param>
    /// <param name="name">The name of the group expression, if a named group was used.</param>
    /// <param name="value">The captured substring within the match.</param>
    /// <param name="start">The position within the input string</param>
    /// <param name="length">The length of the captured substring.</param>
    private static void RegexGroups_FillRow( object row, out int number, out string name, out string value, out int start, out int length )
    {

        var rmg = (RegexMatchGroup)row;

        number = rmg.Number;
        name = rmg.Name;
        value = rmg.Value;
        start = rmg.Index;
        length = rmg.Length;

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Matches a given input string against a regular expression pattern and returns a table that contains
    /// all of the successful matches within the input string.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="input">The input string to match against.</param>
    /// <param name="pattern">A regular expression pattern.</param>
    /// <returns>A table of matches within the string, or an empty table if the input string did not match.</returns>
    [SqlFunction( FillRowMethodName = "RegexMatches_FillRow", TableDefinition = "Value nvarchar(max), Start int, Length int" )]
    public static System.Collections.IEnumerable RegexMatches( [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString input, [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString pattern )
    {

        // null handling
        if ( input.IsNull || pattern.IsNull ) {
            return new Match[0];
        }

        return Regex.Matches( (string)input, (string)pattern, RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Singleline );

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The private 'fill method' for the RegexMatches function.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="row">The custom row data passed from the RegexMatches function.</param>
    /// <param name="value">The matched substring.</param>
    /// <param name="start">The position within the input string.</param>
    /// <param name="length">The length of the matched substring.</param>
    private static void RegexMatches_FillRow( object row, out string value, out int start, out int length )
    {

        var match = (Match)row;

        value = match.Value;
        start = match.Index;
        length = match.Length;

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Splits a given input string at each occurrence of a delimiter, which is specified as a regular expression
    /// pattern, and returns a table containing the components.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="input">The input string to split.</param>
    /// <param name="pattern">A regular expression pattern to split on. Note that you may need to escape certain delimiters that have special meaning in regex, such as a pipe.</param>
    /// <returns>A table containing the elements of the split string.</returns>
    [SqlFunction( FillRowMethodName = "Split_FillRow", TableDefinition = "Value nvarchar(max)" )]
    public static System.Collections.IEnumerable Split( [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString input, [SqlFacet( MaxSize = -1 )]SqlString pattern )
    {

        // null handling
        if ( input.IsNull || pattern.IsNull ) {
            return new string[0];
        }

        return Regex.Split( (string)input, (string)pattern, RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Singleline );

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The private 'fill method' for the Split function.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="row">The custom row data passed from the Split function.</param>
    /// <param name="value">A substring component of the input string once it has been split.</param>
    private static void Split_FillRow( object row, out string value )
    {
        value = (string)row;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// A private class used to pass data to the fill function.
    /// </summary>
    private class RegexMatchGroup
    {
        public int Number;
        public string Name;
        public string Value;
        public int Index;
        public int Length;
    }

}