These papers cover social choice, public choice, and voting theory. See the Handbook of Social Choice and Voting by Heckelman and Miller; or Collective Decisions and Voting by Nicolaus Tideman.
These are analyses of voting rules or other theoretical analysis independent of political conditions. This stretches as far as analyzing how and when voters behave strategically under particular systems, although that's more blurry.
- The Schulze Method of Voting
- Fine-grained Complexity and Algorithms for the Schulze Voting Method
- A Continuous Rating Method for Preferential Voting
- Approval-Based Committee Voting
- Knapsack Voting for Participatory Budgeting
- Electing the Executive Branch
- Voting power and Qualified Majority Voting with a "no vote" option
- In elections, irrelevant alternatives provide relevant data
- An Analysis of Random Elections with Large Numbers of Voters
- Negative Representation and Instability in Democratic Elections
- Strategic Voting and the Logic of Knowledge
- A Note on Data Simulations for Voting by Evaluation
- Measuring Majority Power and Veto Power of Voting Rules
- Assessment Voting in Large Electorates
These are also related to social choice theory, analyzing how social choice affects collectivities e.g. governments.
- Voting Behavior, Coalitions and Government Strength through a Complex Network Analysis
- A mixture of experts model for rank data with applications in election studies
- Perils and Challenges of Social Media and Election Manipulation Analysis: The 2018 US Midterms
- Quantum like modelling of the non-separability of voters' preferences in the U.S. political system
- Communication, Distortion, and Randomness in Metric Voting
- Utilitarian Welfare and Representation Guarantees of Approval-Based Multiwinner Rules
These examine conduct, which has an impact on social choice. If public policy creates inequities between voters's ability to physically vote, for example, the outcomes of elections can easily change. It also examines normative arguments.
Certain authors have a lot of relevant papers. Generally, clicking an author's name and checking if the seacrh results are all unrelated math or largely related to social choice gives you a quick starting point; many of these papers have multiple co-authors who frequently also author different papers without the same co-authors, so a group of co-authors may have a significant amount of non-overlapping work.