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Towards Understanding the Impact of Code Modifications on Software Quality Metrics

Towards Understanding the Impact of Code Modifications on Software Quality Metrics

In the realm of software development, maintaining high software quality is a persistent challenge, often impeded by the lack of comprehensive understanding of how specific code modifications influence quality metrics. This study ventures to bridge this gap through an innovative approach that aspires to assess and interpret the impact of code modifications.

The underlying hypothesis posits that code modifications inducing similar changes in software quality metrics can be grouped into distinct clusters. Further, these clusters can be effectively described using an AI language model, thus providing a nuanced understanding of code changes and their quality implications.

To validate this hypothesis, we analyzed a substantial dataset from popular GitHub repositories, segmented into individual code modifications. Each was evaluated based on software quality metrics pre and post-application. Machine learning techniques were utilized to cluster these modifications based on the induced changes in the metrics. Simultaneously, an AI language model was employed to generate descriptions of each modification's function.

The results present groups of modifications, each paired with an explanatory sentence, reflecting similar influences on software quality metrics. This study, therefore, paves the way for an integrated, multi-dimensional understanding of the relationship between code modifications and software quality, potentially enhancing software maintenance strategies and quality prediction models.

In this GitHub Gist, we present the insightful results of our comprehensive software analysis, including the clustering of code modifications and their corresponding impact on quality metrics. Each cluster represents a unique set of modifications, and for every cluster, we provide a detailed breakdown. Within each subsection, you will find a table showcasing the modifications comprising the cluster, along with another table presenting the percentage differences in quality metrics induced by these changes. This organized presentation offers a deep dive into how specific modifications affect the codebase's overall quality, providing valuable insights for software maintenance and optimization strategies. Explore each cluster to gain a better understanding of the intricate relationships between code changes and software quality.

Cluster 2

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Added merge function to Solution class Implemented merge function
2 Improved solution by fixing boundary conditions and handling array merging from the end. Optimized code and debugged.
3 Added method to perform binary addition using strings Implemented binary addition method
4 Implemented right shift operation for res calculation Implemented shift operation
5 Remove duplicate code for determining string length Refactor String Length Calculation

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+24.2\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+26.7\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+24.6\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+52.3\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+17.5\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+52.4\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+60.1\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-14.6\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+36.7\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+83.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+100.0\%}}$
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+83.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+100.0\%}}$
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+45.0\%}}$
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - 0.0%
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - 0.0%
Documentation AD API Documentation - $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-50.0\%}}$
CD Comment Density $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+12.9\%}}$ $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-44.7\%}}$
CLOC Comment Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+133.3\%}}$ 0.0%
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-100.0\%}}$
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+115.5\%}}$ $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+103.0\%}}$
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+110.8\%}}$ $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+98.9\%}}$

Cluster 5

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Simplified test method names and updated UtilConversion tests Refined Testing Methods
2 Updated garbage collection method and added user registration functionality Improved system efficiency
3 Updated condition checks in instrument selection logic Revised conditional programming
4 Updated condition and exception handling in "getRecommendedRhythm" function, improved variable "sptBarIndex" usage and corrected some indentations. Improved function and variable usage
5 Updated website and help URL. Fixed formatting issue. Updated URL and formatting.

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-37.8\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-30.8\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-36.4\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-34.3\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-31.2\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-36.4\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-35.5\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+28.6\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-29.2\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-36.6\%}}$ 0.0%
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-36.6\%}}$ 0.0%
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - 0.0%
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - 0.0%
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-33.3\%}}$ 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - 0.0%
Documentation AD API Documentation - 0.0%
CD Comment Density $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+27.3\%}}$ 0.0%
CLOC Comment Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-25.0\%}}$ 0.0%
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+4.4\%}}$ 0.0%
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-31.8\%}}$ 0.0%
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-32.0\%}}$ 0.0%

Cluster 8

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Refactored SpriteFontImpl class implementation Refactored Class Implementation
2 Updated the logic for acquiring and releasing WiFiLock when the network service starts and stops. Revised WiFiLock management.
3 Added stamp item in menu with action listener for tracking point mass Implemented tracking feature
4 Added functionality to mask sensitive data in system logs Implemented data masking function
5 Updated toggle methods to set methods for clearing and blacking canvas Refined canvas manipulation methods

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-21.3\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-13.4\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-24.5\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-21.4\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-16.3\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-24.5\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-23.3\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+6.0\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-12.2\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-18.3\%}}$ 0.0%
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-18.3\%}}$ 0.0%
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - 0.0%
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - 0.0%
CBOI CBO Inverse - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-25.0\%}}$
NII Number of Incoming Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-44.4\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-25.0\%}}$
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-11.5\%}}$ 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - 0.0%
Documentation AD API Documentation - 0.0%
CD Comment Density $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+11.2\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+0.4\%}}$
CLOC Comment Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-1.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+0.8\%}}$
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-4.0\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+0.8\%}}$
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-12.7\%}}$ 0.0%
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-13.0\%}}$ 0.0%

Cluster 9

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Update menu options for playlist and improve playlist save/load functionality Update and enhance playlist functionality
2 Updated feature handling in interpretation change Revised WiFiLock management.
3 Added bubble settings preference check. Modified refresh data handler. Increased refresh time limit. Adjusted data refresh settings.
4 Updated UserExtensionPanel to include SgsChangeListener interface, implemented event handling methods and added logging. Included Midi file drag handler. Modified property checks and color settings. Removed unnecessary imports. Implemented interface and event handling
5 Updated the PlayFromHere class to play music from the selected bar rather than focused bar. Refactored actions to be enabled based on active TopComponent instead of global song object lookup. Implemented listener for TopComponent activation changes. Improved focus and selection handling in the editors. Updated error messages for invalid selections. Refactor class, implement listener, improve handling.

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-18.9\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-10.9\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-19.0\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-15.5\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-11.0\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-19.1\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-17.5\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+0.4\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-7.6\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+14.3\%}}$ 0.0%
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+14.3\%}}$ 0.0%
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - 0.0%
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - 0.0%
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+7.1\%}}$ 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - 0.0%
Documentation AD API Documentation - 0.0%
CD Comment Density $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+15.0\%}}$ 0.0%
CLOC Comment Lines of Code 0.0% 0.0%
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code 0.0% 0.0%
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-7.8\%}}$ 0.0%
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-7.1\%}}$ 0.0%

Cluster 10

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Updated directory names and file paths in MediaCodec Revised Directory Structure
2 Added 'Golden Sun' and 'Secret of Evermore' to the preset list. Updated Preset List
3 Added "Freedom Planet" to game presets and submenu items Updated game presets
4 Added "Clash at Demonhead" to list of game presets Updated Game Presets
5 Added "RygarNes" to list and preset map. Updated list and map.
6 Added "Shovel Knight" to game list and submenu map Updated game list
7 Added "Stardew Valley" to game list and submenu map Updated game list
8 Added "ShiningForce" to game list and preset map submenu. Updated game list
9 Updated comments for better clarity in Activity class. Improved comment clarity.

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-32.0\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-20.8\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-37.1\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-33.1\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-23.4\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-37.2\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-36.4\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+2.9\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity 0.0% -
NL Nesting Level 0.0% 0.0%
NLE Nesting Level Else-If 0.0% 0.0%
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - 0.0%
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - 0.0%
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - 0.0%
Documentation AD API Documentation - 0.0%
CD Comment Density 0.0% 0.0%
CLOC Comment Lines of Code 0.0% 0.0%
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code 0.0% 0.0%
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-11.8\%}}$ 0.0%
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-12.5\%}}$ 0.0%

Cluster 12

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Updated length check in if condition Adjusted conditional length check
2 Removed ZOOM_TO_FIT related logic from code Deleted specific code logic.
3 Updated color generation code for red, green, and blue normalization. Added paragraph tags. Updated Color Normalization Code
4 Refactored test cases and updated access modifiers and attributes. Also, improved code documentation and comments Improved code and documentation
5 Restructured code formatting and streamlined method names for loading chat history pages. Updated processing of history depending on Message Event types. Made adjustments for presence status handling. Refactored and optimized code
6 Refactor JJazzLab high-level edits handling and add UserActionListener notifications Refactor and Add Notifications
7 Added deserialization constructor in ClientConnection and updated asSerializableCopy method Updated deserialization constructor

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-2.6\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+0.2\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+0.5\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-1.9\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-2.4\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+0.5\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-2.2\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+2.3\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-0.2\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-1.5\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-10.0\%}}$
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+1.4\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-10.0\%}}$
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+3.1\%}}$
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-27.8\%}}$
CBOI CBO Inverse - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-25.0\%}}$
NII Number of Incoming Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-25.0\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-25.0\%}}$
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-3.4\%}}$ 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+3.9\%}}$
Documentation AD API Documentation - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+32.8\%}}$
CD Comment Density $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-8.8\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+17.4\%}}$
CLOC Comment Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-9.4\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+2.5\%}}$
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-3.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+24.2\%}}$
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-0.1\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-15.1\%}}$
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+0.6\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-17.5\%}}$

Cluster 14

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Updated while loop condition in two-pointers solution. Modified loop condition.
2 Refactored loading and updating process for Movies, TV shows, and Animes rows. Removed unused boolean flags and added changes to improve the efficiency of loader invocation. Optimized Data Loading Process
3 Refactored storage management and contact loading in MetaContactListService. Updated currentlyInstalledProviders from Vector to Hashtable. Refactoring storage and data loading
4 Refactored communicatorMain initialization and added CallHistoryService retrieval method. Refactoring and adding method
5 Added bundle warning for missing bundle, implemented class loading for bundles, and refactored class loader creation into dedicated method. Implemented bundle warning system
6 Updated packages and classes, and replaced PresenceStatus with NgnPresenceStatus. Refactored code components.
7 Refactor chat session management for tablet layout Refactor Tablet Session Management

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+27.2\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-2.6\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+8.8\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+6.1\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+20.6\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+8.8\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+11.7\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+4.1\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-16.7\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-50.0\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-50.0\%}}$
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-33.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-44.4\%}}$
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-36.9\%}}$
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-45.8\%}}$
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations 0.0% $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-50.0\%}}$
RFC Response set For Class - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-38.9\%}}$
Documentation AD API Documentation - $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-50.1\%}}$
CD Comment Density 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-19.9\%}}$
CLOC Comment Lines of Code 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-41.4\%}}$
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-41.4\%}}$
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-3.9\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-33.4\%}}$
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-1.2\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-32.2\%}}$

Cluster 20

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Improve service binding conditions and logging in PlayActivity Optimize activity service binding
2 Updated imports, modified test, and made changes to entity relationships in classes Post, PostTag, and Tag. Adjusted code and tests
3 Updated Hibernate type registration and commented out unused code Refactoring code elements
4 Added PostComment entity and related test case for Pessimistic Write Query. Implemented Entity Test Case
5 Updated various tests, added additional hibernate properties, and optimized query execution plans. Modified relationships and generation settings in Post and PostComment models. "Optimized testing and database models"
6 Updated MediaMetadata functionality, added custom retriever factory, adjusted frame fetch option and added spinner size selection. Optimized bitmap creation based on size types. Removed unnecessary log statements. Updated MediaMetadata and Bitmap Creation
7 Updated video recording to stop automatically at critical battery level Improved battery-dependent recording
8 Refactored radio options addition to popup menu, improving visibility and click functionality. Improved Menu Functionality
9 Refactor Pipeline class methods to Element class methods Refactoring Class Methods
10 Refactored handling of process streams and video data to avoid process hanging. Updated cursor settings. Refactoring data handling process.
11 Updated FFMPG pipe format and optimized video frame rendering and audio streaming. Adjusted thread sleep duration. Optimized video/audio programming
12 Updated functionality for showing footer and handling diff events in play queue. Added improved UI item view type handling for header and footer. Removed unused header variable and unnecessary logging. Modified UI, Improved Functionality
13 Refactored code for RecyclerView in PicturePicker module, added nullability check in AdapterInteraction interface and improved logic for checkIndicator. Refactored and improved code.
14 Replaced System.out.println with logger.info Implemented Logging Update
15 Updated OpenCV version, updated scoreType to HARRIS_SCORE, corrected spelling of adjuster, updated constructors with allocate method, updated FeatureDetectorPtr with default null value. Updated code and corrected errors.
16 Refactored FFmpegFrameGrabber constructors and methods for thread safety Improved Thread Safety
17 Updated contactManager initiation and App shutdown process Improved program initialization/shutdown
18 Refactor button selection code, implement onClickListener for button array Refactoring and Implementing onClickListener
19 Updated usage of while loops to include timeouts Improved loop timeouts
20 Added checking for account registration before starting presence activity, implemented toast message for offline accounts, improved error messages for account loading/unloading failures. Enhanced Account Management Features
21 Added 'Final Fantasy VII' and 'Shantae' to game presets Updated game presets
22 Added key event for deleting schedule item Implemented delete function
23 Added logout functionality Implemented logout feature
24 Updated the VideoPlayFragment method to include file type and added functionality to save images to external storage and broadcast them. Updated and Expanded Method

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-5.9\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-3.2\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-6.3\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-4.8\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-4.1\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-6.3\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-5.7\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+0.5\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-3.1\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-3.0\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-12.5\%}}$
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+1.6\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-12.5\%}}$
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-6.8\%}}$
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-23.3\%}}$
CBOI CBO Inverse - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-25.0\%}}$
NII Number of Incoming Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-31.5\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-25.0\%}}$
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-5.1\%}}$ 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-7.4\%}}$
Documentation AD API Documentation - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+41.1\%}}$
CD Comment Density $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-7.1\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+8.8\%}}$
CLOC Comment Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-9.2\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+1.6\%}}$
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-3.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+1.7\%}}$
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-1.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-11.5\%}}$
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-0.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-12.3\%}}$

Cluster 21

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Refactored Executor class to handle multiple exceptions and interrupts. Replaced AtomicLong and AtomicReference types with AtomicInteger and AtomicBoolean. Updated executor interface and its related methods. Refactored and Updated Executor Class
2 Updated DrawPad classes, replaced old listeners with new LanSongSDK listeners, optimized execute button functionality, and refactored drawPad execution process. Updated, optimized, refactored code.
3 Refactored the code related to Filter adjustment. Added new Filters, removed duplicate filters, fixed typos, and enhanced code readability in filter classes. Also updated the import statements and tidied up the code for better maintenance. Refactoring and Updating Code
4 Refactored imports and updated menu item actions for CAD blocks Refactored and updated code
5 Refactored reverse lookup method and updated camera constants mappings. Refactored and updated code
6 Refactored string truncation logic, font settings, tooltips, and component alignment in UI. Refactored UI components
7 Refactor multimedia settings and add new methods for previewing data resources and handling intent extras Refactor settings, improve data preview

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-3.2\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-2.4\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-4.7\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-3.8\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-2.4\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-4.7\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-4.3\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+0.5\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-2.4\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-5.6\%}}$ 0.0%
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-5.6\%}}$ 0.0%
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-6.2\%}}$
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-16.7\%}}$
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-25.0\%}}$ 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-5.6\%}}$ 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-6.2\%}}$
Documentation AD API Documentation - 0.0%
CD Comment Density $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-6.7\%}}$ $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-4.8\%}}$
CLOC Comment Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-7.0\%}}$ $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-22.2\%}}$
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-3.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-22.2\%}}$
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-0.6\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-6.4\%}}$
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-1.1\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-6.2\%}}$

Cluster 25

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Improved logging and code formatting Enhanced code maintenance
2 Updated method descriptions for clarity and consistency in verb tense. Improved method documentation
3 Updated click listeners for donation and website links Upgraded website function buttons
4 Added null-check for platform variable in multiple conditions Implemented null-check feature
5 Refactored and removed excessive casting. Improved the generic usage of collection types. Improved Generic Programming
6 Added click listeners for hashtag search in content descriptions Implemented hashtag search function
7 Updated RenderPipeline methods from 'add' to 'set' for various layers Revised RenderPipeline Methods
8 Replaced 'set' method with 'put' for pipeline render layers. Updated method in pipeline
9 Updated lock object name and references Refactored lock object
10 Updated media decoder and added new extraction features Improved media decoding
11 Updated max selectable property and media type conditions in return statements. Revised return conditions
12 Refactored method and variable names to follow proper naming conventions. Modified method to handle non-empty response. Added new substrings to URL array. Updated null check for strings. Refactored and updated codes.
13 Refactored method and variable names, updated URL list, and optimized string nullity checks. Optimized code and URLs
14 Updated displayable type implementation in setDisplayable function Updated Function Implementation
15 Refactored event and property listeners to use lambda expressions Applied Lambda Refactoring
16 Updated Task resource comments for clarity and added linking to TaskRouter documentation. Removed getTimeout method. Revised comments, added links, removed method
17 Refactored RecordManager initialization and event handling methods Refactored Initialization Methods

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-13.9\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-11.6\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-16.3\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-14.7\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-12.2\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-16.3\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-15.4\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+11.9\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-11.7\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-16.9\%}}$ 0.0%
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-16.9\%}}$ 0.0%
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - 0.0%
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - 0.0%
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-15.0\%}}$ 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - 0.0%
Documentation AD API Documentation - 0.0%
CD Comment Density $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-10.4\%}}$ 0.0%
CLOC Comment Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-16.5\%}}$ 0.0%
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-4.0\%}}$ 0.0%
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-12.9\%}}$ 0.0%
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-13.6\%}}$ 0.0%

Cluster 27

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Removed menu creation and item selection methods Deleted functions
2 Implemented recursive approach for WordDictionary class Implemented recursive programming
3 Refactored package name and updated parameters for spectrum audio processing Refactored Package, Updated Parameters
4 Updated menu items in mnFileMenu with ActionListener methods Implemented ActionListener methods
5 Updated build number and added ’Open Hex’ option in File menu Modified programmer settings
6 Fixed UI thread tests for API 28 and refactored animation verification for autofocus functionality. Improved Animation Testing
7 Updated setUp method parameters and replaced SCREEN_WINDOW_NORMAL with SCREEN_NORMAL Adjusted method parameters

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+8.4\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+9.7\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+25.9\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+8.9\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+5.7\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+25.9\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+10.8\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-1.2\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+16.6\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+33.3\%}}$
NLE Nesting Level Else-If 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+33.3\%}}$
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - 0.0%
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - 0.0%
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+25.0\%}}$
RFC Response set For Class - 0.0%
Documentation AD API Documentation - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+20.0\%}}$
CD Comment Density 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-6.9\%}}$
CLOC Comment Lines of Code 0.0% 0.0%
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code 0.0% 0.0%
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+8.33\%}}$
LOC Lines of Code 0.0% $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-8.2\%}}$

Cluster 30

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Refactor tree traversal methods by removing redundant set operations Optimize Tree Traversal Methods
2 Refined code formatting and set TagReader to final Improved and finalized code
3 Refactored Camera test cases and added additional tests for supported video sizes Refactoring and Testing Code
4 Increased lock wait time from 1500 to 3000 Extended lock wait time
5 Refactored methods to auto-fetch package name for account registration Refactored method fetching
6 Updated waiting times in wait calls Modified times
7 Updated test cases and modified mocking behavior for Application class Revised testing procedures
8 Refactor tile handling in map, implement category fetching for tiles and adjust object ID manipulation methods Refactoring and Implementing Updates
9 Refactored and simplified method calls in Spotify and YouTube services. Removed unnecessary context references. Simplified command contributions and descriptions. Updated import paths. Improved handling of no playlist results. Refactored and simplified code

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-5.5\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+3.7\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+3.9\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+1.5\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-4.3\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+3.9\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+0.1\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-2.2\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+25.0\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+25.0\%}}$ 0.0%
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+25.0\%}}$ 0.0%
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-35.0\%}}$
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-50.0\%}}$
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-8.3\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-50.0\%}}$
RFC Response set For Class - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-34.8\%}}$
Documentation AD API Documentation - $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+20.0\%}}$
CD Comment Density 0.0% $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+16.6\%}}$
CLOC Comment Lines of Code 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-17.8\%}}$
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code 0.0% $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-18.3\%}}$
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+12.0\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-30.5\%}}$
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{+13.0\%}}$ $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-28.2\%}}$

Cluster 32

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the modifications within the cluster:

Index Summary Simple Summary
1 Refactored multimedia object existence check and corresponding logs Refactored object existence check
2 Updated argument for ErrorDialog Modified ErrorDialog Argument
3 Improved code readability and updated frame rendering logic Refactored and updated code
4 Commented out for loop in image loading process Edited loop comments
5 Refactor OpenAudioMcCore instance calls to OpenAudioMc Refactor Instance Calls
6 Updated import and instance of OpenAudioMcCore to OpenAudioMc Updated Import Instance

The following table provides a comprehensive breakdown of the collective impact of the cluster's modifications on software quality metrics:

Static Analysis Metrics Computation Levels
Property Name Description Method Class
Complexity HCPL Halstead Calculated Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-32.2\%}}$ -
HDIF Halstead Difficulty $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-21.3\%}}$ -
HEFF Halstead Effort $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-31.1\%}}$ -
HPL Halstead Program Length $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-28.1\%}}$ -
HPV Halstead Program Vocabulary $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-26.0\%}}$ -
HTRP Halstead Time Required to Program $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-31.3\%}}$ -
HVOL Halstead Volume $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-30.0\%}}$ -
MI Maintainability Index $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{+24.3\%}}$ -
McCC McCabe’s Cyclomatic Complexity $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-30.7\%}}$ -
NL Nesting Level $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-37.5\%}}$ 0.0%
NLE Nesting Level Else-If $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-37.5\%}}$ 0.0%
WMC Weighted Methods per Class - 0.0%
Coupling CBO Coupling Between Object classes - 0.0%
CBOI CBO Inverse - 0.0%
NII Number of Incoming Invocations 0.0% 0.0%
NOI Number of Outgoing Invocations $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-29.2\%}}$ 0.0%
RFC Response set For Class - 0.0%
Documentation AD API Documentation - 0.0%
CD Comment Density $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-37.5\%}}$ 0.0%
CLOC Comment Lines of Code $\textcolor{red}{\textsf{-37.5\%}}$ 0.0%
DLOC Documentation Lines of Code 0.0% 0.0%
Size LLOC Logical Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-26.8\%}}$ 0.0%
LOC Lines of Code $\textcolor{green}{\textsf{-27.8\%}}$ 0.0%
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