A practice on Julia.

practice.jl

# This is just for practice!

# Single line comment
#= 
This is a multiline comment
=#

# Function syntax
function name(x, args...)
    # do something
end

# More terse way to write function
name(x, args...) = (x = 10; y = 5)

# Control flow
if x == 5

elseif x == 4

else

end

# Ternary operator
x > 5 ? "x is bigger than 5" : "x is smaller than 5"

# Compound Expressions
y = (x = 5; z = 3)

# Alternative syntax with begin
y = begin
    x = 5
    z = 3
end

# do operator to pass function as parameter
map([1, 2, 3, 4]) do
    curve(x) = x^2 + x + 1
end

# alternative do
map(curve(x) ->
    x^2 + x + 1
end, [1, 2, 3, 4])

# try, catch, finally
f = open("file")
try
    # do something with file
catch
    # do something on error
finally
    close(f)
end

# Loops
while i < 5
end

# If for loop is empty, will increment value
for i = 1:5
end

for i in array
end

# Type constructor with optional type parameter
type Name{T}
    # Assertion on foo's type
    foo::T
end

function saysomething{T<:String}(something)
    println(something::T)
end

# Constructing types
myname = Name("Maverick")

# Importing the whole module
using HTTPServer

# Importing only certain functions and types
import Datetime: datetime, time

# Modules and exports
module # don't indent the rest of the lines inside

export Name, curve

type Name
    x
end

curve(x) = x^2 + x + 3

end

# A very good example of macros and expressions
macro time(ex)
    return quote
        local t0 = time()
        local val = $(esc(ex))
        local t1 = time()
        println("elapsed time: ", t1-t0, " seconds")
        val
    end
end