Shows how to access Gmail (or any other IMAP4 server) for new messages under a certain folder or label name. Comments are fairly straightforward; shows how to also get attachments if any exist.

email_with_attachments.py

import imaplib

folder_name = 'Inbox'

gm = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com', 993)    
gm.login('youraddress@gmail.com', 'password')

status, data = gm.select(folder_name)  # select() can select by label or folder name
if status: status, data = gm.search(None, 'UNSEEN')  # get new messages only

# Loop through unseen messages
for num in data[0].split():
  status, data = gm.fetch(num, '(RFC822)')
	raw_email = data[0][1]
	msg = email.message_from_string(raw_email)
	maintype = msg.get_content_maintype()

	print msg['Subject']
	print 'Main Type: ', maintype

	if maintype == 'multipart':
		for part in msg.walk():
			part_type = part.get_content_type()
			if part_type == 'application/octet-stream' or 'image' in part_type:
				filename = part.get_filename()
				print filename
				data = part.get_payload(decode=1)  # get the file's binary data for writing
				with open(filename, 'wb') as out:
					out.write(data)

			elif part_type == 'text/html':
				msg_content = part.get_payload()

	elif maintype == 'text':
		msg_content = msg.get_payload()

	typ, data = gm.store(num,'-FLAGS','\\Seen')  # mark as seen

gm.close()