From https://www.bennadel.com/blog/2831-rethrowing-errors-in-javascript-and-node-js.htm

error-handling.js

// Start a method chain that will throw an error:
// --> foo() [catches error]
// -----> bar() [catches / rethrows error]
// --------> baz() [throws error]

foo();

function foo() {
  try {
    bar();
  } catch ( error ) {
    console.log( `Error caught in Foo(): ${error.message}` );
    console.log( error.stack );
  }
}

function bar() {
  // In this case, we are going to catch any errors thrown by baz(), log them to the
  // console, and then rethrow them.
  try {
    baz();
  } catch ( error ) {
    console.log( `Error caught and rethrown in Bar(): ${error.message}` );
    // In JavaScript, there is no special "rethrow" keyword. You simply throw() the
    // error that you caught. This will maintain the original stacktrace recorded by
    // the error as you "pass it back up" the call-stack.
    throw( error );
  }
}

function baz() {
  const error = new Error();
  error.name = 'customError';
  error.message = 'hello world';
  throw(error);
}